GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED

MICRO PROJECT
Academic Year 2022-2023
TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Study Of Road Accidents

Program: Civil Engg. Program code: CE5I
Course: Traffic Engineering
Course Code: 22507

Name of Guide: S. S. Gade

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Roll No. 1317- Radhika Mohanrao Rajdhar, 1318- Pooja Shivaji

Jadhav 1370- Namrata Suresh Panchal students of 5th Semester of Diploma ii Civil

Engineering of Institute, GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED has completed the

Micro Project satisfactory in Subject- Railway and Bridge Engineering (22403) for the

academic year 2021- 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Nanded Date: / /2022

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

S. S. Gade P. D. Pople G. V. Garje

2
 ANEEXURE ll
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2022 - 23 Name of the Faculty: S. S. Gade

Course Code: 22505 Semester: V

Title of the Project: Study Of Road Accidents

Cos address by Micro Project:

A: Formulate grammatically correct sentences.
B: Give presentation by using audio visual aids.
C: communication skillfully.
D: write reports using correct guidelines.
Major learning outcomes achieved by the students by doing the project.
A) Practical outcome:
DELIVER presentation (seminar) effective.
B) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain.
1) Prepare the points for computer presentation.
2) Make seminar presentation.
C) Outcomes in affective domain:
a. Function as team member.
b. Follow Ethics.
c. Make proper use of computer and Internet.
Comment /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Roll No. Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out
performance in group performance in of 10
activity oral/presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)

1317 Radhika Mohanrao

Rajdhar

Pooja Shivaji Jadhav

1318
1370 Namrata Susresh Panchal

3
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT: -

“ Study Of Road Accidents ”

WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE

GUIDE
1st Discussion and finalization of Topic
2ND Discussion and finalization of Topic
3RD Preparation and submission of Abstract
4TH Literature Review
5TH Collection of Date
6TH Collection of Date
7TH Collection of Date
8TH Collection of Date
9TH Discussion and Outline of Content
10TH Formulation of Content
11TH Editing and 1st proof Reading of Content
12TH Editing and 2nd Reading of Content
13TH Compilation of Report and Presentation
14TH Seminar
15TH Viva-voce
16TH Final submission of Micro project

Sign of the Students Sign of the Faculty

1317- Radhika Mohan Rakdhar

1318 – Pooja Shivaji Jadhav

1370 - Namrata Suresh Panchal

4
 Content

Sr. No Title Page Number

1) Acknowledgement 6

2) Introduction 7

3) Types of Road Accidents 8-11

4) Accidents May Happen Due 11-16

To
5) Road Accidents Caused By 16
Three Main Factors
6) Important ways To Avoid 16
Accidents
7) Elements In Traffic Accidents 17
8) Conclusion & References 18

5
 Acknowledgement
We are extremely happy to present this Micro-Project on Topic
“Study of Road Accidents”. This Micro-ProjectMicro-Project
really helped us to understood lot of concepts related to our
Topic “Study of Road Accidenta ”We should like to express our
special thanks to our Prof. S. S. Gade as well as Principal Dr. G.
V. Garje, who gave us opportunity to do Micro- Project. We are
Thankful people who helped us find information tend regarding
this Micro-Project. We should like to thank our parents &
friends who helped us to complete lot of things of Micro-Project
with limited time & most important and big Thanks to our
Team-M

6
 Introduction
Road traffic accidents claim over a million lives every year in
the world. As per World Health Organization (WHO) it is one of
the leading cause of death. India, being a rapidly developing
country with expanding economy has its own issues as regarding
road traffic accidents due to rapid proliferation of motorization.
Road traffic accidents causes enormous morbidity and mortality
and at the same time, the toll on the economy of the country as a
result of it is quite heavy. Road traffic accident is a result of an
interaction among different factors which include the
environment, vehicle and the human being. Traditionally it is
considered that road traffic accidents are accidents which are
unpredictable, inevitable and not preventable. But road traffic
accidents are indeed predictable and preventable in majority of
the cases. This require the knowledge of factors contributing and
leading to road traffic accidents. There are certain preventive
measures which if adopted can lead to decrease in morbidity and
mortality resulting from RTA. Hence, it is the responsibility of
all to contribute in reducing road traffic accidents.Keywords:
Road traffic accidents; Road traffic injuries; Roads in India,
Road safety; Vehicular registration.

7
  Types of Road Accidents :
1) Collision
a) Rear-end Collision
b)Side-impact Collision
c) Head-on Collision
2) Non-Collision
a) Vehicle Rollover
b) Single Car Accident

1) Collision :

a) Rear-end Collision :
A traffic accident in which a car crashes in front of the car.
Usually these are due to driver inattention or diversion,
tailgating, panic stops, and decreased traction due to weather-
induced uneven road situations.

8
 b) Side-impact Collision :

The side of one or more cars is affected by these accidents, also

known as broadside or T-bone collisions. These accidents
frequently happen at junctions, parking lots and when two
vehicles cross a highway that accounts for about a quarter of the
facilities of passenger cars. The results of a side impact collision
may be server, but depending on where the vehicle is struck,
they may vary.

9
 C) Head-on Collision :

This type of accident occurs when two vehicles front ends hit
each other in opposite directions. Head-on collisions are Road
traffic accident that is often dangerous. Being self aware of
traffic signs, road conditions and staying on you lane play a
critical role in preventing accidents of this kind.

2) Non-Collision :

10
 a) Vehicle Rollover :

These Types of accidents in nature are complicated and violent.

The rollovers represent the interaction of driver, highway,
vehicle, and environmental considerations more than any other
form of crash. Although the type of vehicle plays a major part in
the accident, driver conduct and road and environmental
circumstances also play an important part. Speed, alcohol
consumption, and location are other major considerations.

b) Single Car Accident :

This is a sort of road accidents involving just one vehicle.Run -

of-road collisions, collisions with fallen debris, rollovers and

animal collisions are most of these kind of accidents.

11
  Accidents May Happen Due To:
1) Over Speeding :

Most of the fatal accidents occur due to over speeding. It is a

natural psyche of humans to excel. If given a chance man is sure
to achieve infinity in speed. But when we are sharing the road
with other users we will always remain behind some or other
vehicle. Increase in speed multiplies the risk of accident and
severity of injury during accident. Faster vehicles are more
prone to accident than the slower one and the severity of
accident will also be more in case of faster the severity of
accident will also be more in case of faster vehicles. Higher the
speed, greater the risk. At high speed the vehicle needs greater
distance to stop i.e. braking distance. A slower vehicle comes to
halt immediately while faster one takes long way to stop and
also skids a long distance due to law of notion. A vehicle
moving on high speed will have greater impact during the crash
and hence will cause more injuries. The ability to judge the
forthcoming events also gets reduced while driving at faster
speed which causes error in judgment and finally a crash.
12
2) Drunken Driving :

"Consumption of alcohol to celebrate any occasion is common.

But when mixed with driving it turns celebration into a
misfortune. Alcohol reduces concentration. It decreases reaction
time of a human body. Limbs take more to react to the
instructions of brain. It hampers vision due to dizziness. Alcohol
dampens fear and incite humans to take risks. All these factors
while driving cause accidents and many a times it proves fatal.
For every increase of 0.05 blood alcohol concentration, the risk
of accident doubles. Apart from alcohol many drugs, medicines
also affect the skills and concentration necessary for driving.
First of all, we recommend not to consume alcohol. But if you
feel your merrymaking is not complete without booze, do not
drive under the influence of alcohol. Ask a teetotaler friend to
drop you home."

13
3) Distraction To Driver :

Distractions could be outside or inside the vehicle. The major

distraction now a days is talking on mobile phone while driving.
Act of talking on phone occupies major portion of brain and the
smaller part handles the driving skills. This division of brain
hampers reaction time and ability of judgement. This becomes
one of the reasons of crashes. One should not attend to telephone
calls while driving. If the call is urgent one should pull out
beside the road and attend the call. Some of the distractions on
road are:

1.Adjusting mirrors while driving

2.Stereo/Radio in vehicle

3.Animals on the road

14
4.Banners and billboard

4) Red Light Jumping :

It is a common sight at road intersections that vehicles cross

without caring for the light. The main motive behind Red light
jumping is saving time. The common conception is that stopping
at red signal is wastage of time and fuel. Studies have shown
that traffic signals followed properly by all drivers saves time
and commuters reach destination safely and timely. A red light
jumper not only jeopardizes his life but also the safety of other
road users. This act by one driver incites other driver to attempt
it and finally causes chaos at crossing. This chaos at intersection
15
is the main cause of traffic jams. Eventually everybody gets late
to their destinations. It has also been seen that the red light
jumper crosses the intersection with greater speed to avoid crash
and challenge but it hampers his ability to judge the ongoing
traffic and quite often crashes.

5) Avoiding Safety Gears Like Helmet And Seat

Belts

It is a common sight at road intersections that vehicles

cross without caring for the light. The main motive behind
Red light jumping is saving time. The common
conception is that stopping at red signal is wastage of time
and fuel. Studies have shown that traffic signals followed
properly by all drivers saves time and commuters reach
destination safely and timely. A red light jumper not only
jeopardizes his life but also the safety of other road users.
This act by one driver incites other driver to attempt it and
finally causes chaos at crossing. This chaos at intersection
16
is the main cause of traffic jams. Eventually everybody
gets late to their destinations. It has also been seen that the
red light jumper crosses the intersection with greater
speed to avoid crash and challenge but it hampers his
ability to judge the ongoing traffic and quite often crashes.

 Road Accident Caused By Three Main

Factors:
1) Human Factor
2) Road Defect
3) Vehicle Defect
 Important Ways To Avoid Accidents :
 Drive in the prescribed speed limits on the various roads.
Always remember that “Speed thrills but kills”.
 Always put on helmets, seat belts and other safety
equipment’s before driving a bicycle/ motor
cycle/vehicle. Always remember that “Safety saves”.
 Do not drink and drive. Always remember that “You
cannot hold a pen properly after two pegs, what about the
driving wheel?”
 Never use mobile phones or ear phones while
driving. Always remember “A mobile call on the road
may be the last call of your life”.
 Know the traffic signs, signals, lights and traffic safety
rules before you hit the road. Always remember that “Road
safety rules are best tools to avoid accidents”.

17
  Do not drive for long hours in a stretch. Have a proper
beaks after every 2 hours of continuous driving. Always
remember that “Man is a man and not a machine”.
 Elements In Traffic Accidents :
1) The Road users :

The road user is responsible for the accident, may be the driver
of one or more vehicles involved, pedestrians or the passengers.

2) The Vehicles :

Vehicles involved in the accidents may also be defective.

3)The Road and Its Condition :

The condition of the road surface or other existing geometric

features or any of the environmental conditions of the road may
not be up to the expectation using an accident.

4)Environmental Factors :

The condition of the road surface or other existing geometric

features or any of the environmental conditions of the road may
not be up to the expectation using an accident.

18
 Conclusion
It was a wonderful learning experience for me while working on
this project. This project developed my thinking skills related to
the topic. The project gives me real insight related to the topic
“Study Of Road Accidents ”. This is a great owner for me that
our teacher helps us in all respect to finish such a Micro-Project
i.e., “Study Of Road Accidents”. A special Thanks to my dear
Principal Sir and Teacher setting such a target for us. I enjoyed
every beat of work, I put into this project, I do hope that my
project will be interesting may be even knowledgeable.

Thank You…

 References :
 https://zeenews.india.com
 https://jhtransport.gov.in

19
20