1.

[4 marks]
Helen is building a cabin using cylindrical logs of length 2.4 m and radius 8.4 cm. A wedge is cut from one log
and the cross-section of this log is illustrated in the following diagram.

Find the volume of this log.

2a. [3 marks]
Ollie has installed security lights on the side of his house that are activated by a sensor. The sensor is located
at point C directly above point D. The area covered by the sensor is shown by the shaded region enclosed by
triangle ABC. The distance from A to B is 4.5 m and the distance from B to C is 6 m. Angle AĈB is 15°.

Find CÂB.
2b. [5 marks]
Point B on the ground is 5 m from point E at the entrance to Ollie’s house. He is 1.8 m tall and is standing at
point D, below the sensor. He walks towards point B.
Find the distance Ollie is from the entrance to his house when he first activates the sensor.
3a. [3 marks]
A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. The length of side [AB] is 85 m and side [AC] is 110 m. The angle
between these two sides is 55.
Find the area of the field.
3b. [6 marks]
The farmer would like to divide the field into two equal parts by constructing a straight fence from A to a
point D on [BC].
Find BD. Fully justify any assumptions you make.
4. [5 marks]
The front view of a doghouse is made up of a square with an isosceles triangle on top.
The doghouse is 1.35 m high and 0.9 m wide, and sits on a square base.

The top of the rectangular surfaces of the roof of the doghouse are to be painted.
Find the area to be painted.
5a. [2 marks]
A vertical pole stands on horizontal ground. The bottom of the pole is taken as the origin, O, of a coordinate
system in which the top, F, of the pole has coordinates (0, 0, 5.8). All units are in metres.

The pole is held in place by ropes attached at F.

One of the ropes is attached to the ground at a point A with coordinates (3.2, 4.5, 0). The rope forms a
straight line from A to F.
Find the length of the rope connecting A to F.
5b. [2 marks]
Find FÂO, the angle the rope makes with the ground.
6a. [2 marks]
The straight metal arm of a windscreen wiper on a car rotates in a circular motion from a pivot point, O,
through an angle of 140. The windscreen is cleared by a rubber blade of length 46cm that is attached to the
metal arm between points A and B. The total length of the metal arm, OB, is 56cm.
The part of the windscreen cleared by the rubber blade is shown unshaded in the following diagram.

Calculate the length of the arc made by B, the end of the rubber blade.
6b. [3 marks]
Determine the area of the windscreen that is cleared by the rubber blade.
7a. [2 marks]
The owner of a convenience store installs two security cameras, represented by points C1 and C2. Both
cameras point towards the centre of the store’s cash register, represented by the point R.
The following diagram shows this information on a cross-section of the store.

The cameras are positioned at a height of 3.1m, and the horizontal distance between the cameras is 6.4m.
The cash register is sitting on a counter so that its centre, R, is 1.0m above the floor.
The distance from Camera 1 to the centre of the cash register is 2.8m.
Determine the angle of depression from Camera 1 to the centre of the cash register. Give your answer in
degrees.
7b. [4 marks]
Calculate the distance from Camera 2 to the centre of the cash register.
7c. [2 marks]
Without further calculation, determine which camera has the largest angle of depression to the centre of the
cash register. Justify your response.
8a. [1 mark]
A vertical pole stands on a sloped platform. The bottom of the pole is used as the origin, O, of a coordinate
system in which the top, F, of the pole has coordinates (0, 0, 5.8). All units are in metres.

The pole is held in place by ropes attached at F.

One of these ropes is attached to the platform at point A(3.2, 4.5, −0.3). The rope forms a straight line from
A to F.
→
Find AF.
8b. [2 marks]
Find the length of the rope.
8c. [5 marks]
Find FÂO, the angle the rope makes with the platform.
9a. [2 marks]
The diagram shows a sector, OAB, of a circle with centre O and radius 𝑟, such that AÔB = 𝜃.

Sam measured the value of 𝑟 to be 2cm and the value of 𝜃 to be 30.

Use Sam’s measurements to calculate the area of the sector. Give your answer to four significant figures.
9b. [3 marks]
It is found that Sam’s measurements are accurate to only one significant figure.
Find the upper bound and lower bound of the area of the sector.
9c. [3 marks]
Find, with justification, the largest possible percentage error if the answer to part (a) is recorded as the area
of the sector.
10a. [3 marks]
A sector of a circle, centre O and radius 4.5m, is shown in the following diagram.

Find the angle AÔB.

10b. [5 marks]
Find the area of the shaded segment.
10c. [2 marks]
A square field with side 8m has a goat tied to a post in the centre by a rope such that the goat can reach all
parts of the field up to 4.5m from the post.

Find the area of a circle with radius 4.5 m.

10d. [3 marks]
Find the area of the field that can be reached by the goat.
15a. [3 marks]
The Bermuda Triangle is a region of the Atlantic Ocean with Miami (M), Bermuda (B), and San Juan (S) as
vertices, as shown on the diagram.

The distances between M, B and S are given in the following table, correct to three significant figures.

Calculate the value of 𝜃, the measure of angle MŜB.

15b. [2 marks]
Find the area of the Bermuda Triangle.
16a. [1 mark]
Joey is making a party hat in the form of a cone. The hat is made from a sector, AOB, of a circular piece of
paper with a radius of 18 cm and AÔB = 𝜃 as shown in the diagram.

To make the hat, sides [OA] and [OB] are joined together. The hat has a base radius of 6.5 cm.

Write down the perimeter of the base of the hat in terms of 𝜋.

16b. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝜃.
16c. [2 marks]
Find the surface area of the outside of the hat.
17. [6 marks]
The following diagram shows a corner of a field bounded by two walls defined by lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 . The walls
meet at a point A, making an angle of 40.
Farmer Nate has 7 m of fencing to make a triangular enclosure for his sheep. One end of the fence is
positioned at a point B on 𝐿2 , 10 m from A. The other end of the fence will be positioned at some point C on
𝐿1 , as shown on the diagram.

He wants the enclosure to take up as little of the current field as possible.

Find the minimum possible area of the triangular enclosure ABC.
18a. [2 marks]
The following diagram shows a frame that is made from wire. The total length of wire is equal to 15cm. The
frame is made up of two identical sectors of a circle that are parallel to each other. The sectors have angle 𝜃
radians and radius 𝑟cm. They are connected by 1cm lengths of wire perpendicular to the sectors. This is
shown in the diagram below.

6
Show that 𝑟 = 2+𝜃.

18b. [2 marks]
The faces of the frame are covered by paper to enclose a volume, 𝑉.
Find an expression for 𝑉 in terms of 𝜃.
18c. [3 marks]
𝑑𝑉
Find the expression 𝑑𝜃 .

18d. [2 marks]
𝑑𝑉
Solve algebraically 𝑑𝜃 = 0 to find the value of 𝜃 that will maximize the volume, 𝑉.
19a. [2 marks]
A large water reservoir is built in the form of part of an upside-down right pyramid with a horizontal square
base of length 80 metres. The point C is the centre of the square base and point V is the vertex of the
pyramid.

The bottom of the reservoir is a square of length 60 metres that is parallel to the base of the pyramid, such
that the depth of the reservoir is 6 metres as shown in the diagram.
The second diagram shows a vertical cross section, MNOPC, of the reservoir.

Find the angle of depression from M to N.

19b. [2 marks]
Find CV.
19c. [3 marks]
Hence or otherwise, show that the volume of the reservoir is 29 600 m3.
19d. [2 marks]
Every day 80m3 of water from the reservoir is used for irrigation.
Joshua states that, if no other water enters or leaves the reservoir, then when it is full there is enough
irrigation water for at least one year.
By finding an appropriate value, determine whether Joshua is correct.
19e. [5 marks]
To avoid water leaking into the ground, the five interior sides of the reservoir have been painted with a
watertight material.
Find the area that was painted.
20a. [4 marks]
A piece of candy is made in the shape of a solid hemisphere. The radius of the hemisphere is 6 mm.

Calculate the total surface area of one piece of candy.

20b. [2 marks]
The total surface of the candy is coated in chocolate. It is known that 1 gram of the chocolate covers an area
of 240 mm2 .
Calculate the weight of chocolate required to coat one piece of candy.
21. [5 marks]
A triangular field ABC is such that AB = 56 m and BC = 82 m, each measured correct to the nearest metre,
and the angle at B is equal to 105, measured correct to the nearest 5.

Calculate the maximum possible area of the field.

22a. [2 marks]
An inclined railway travels along a straight track on a steep hill, as shown in the diagram.

The locations of the stations on the railway can be described by coordinates in reference to 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧-axes,
where the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes are in the horizontal plane and the 𝑧-axis is vertical.
The ground level station A has coordinates (140, 15, 0) and station B, located near the top of the hill, has
coordinates (20, 5, 250). All coordinates are given in metres.
Find the distance between stations A and B.
22b. [2 marks]
Station M is to be built halfway between stations A and B.
Find the coordinates of station M.
22c. [1 mark]
Write down the height of station M, in metres, above the ground.
23. [7 marks]
A storage container consists of a box of length 90 cm, width 42 cm and height 34 cm, and a lid in the shape of
a half-cylinder, as shown in the diagram. The lid fits the top of the box exactly. The total exterior surface of
the storage container is to be painted.
Find the area to be painted.
24a. [3 marks]
A garden includes a small lawn. The lawn is enclosed by an arc AB of a circle with centre O and radius 6 m,
such that AÔB = 135 . The straight border of the lawn is defined by chord [AB].
The lawn is shown as the shaded region in the following diagram.

A footpath is to be laid around the curved side of the lawn. Find the length of the footpath.
24b. [4 marks]
Find the area of the lawn.
25a. [2 marks]
The diagram below shows a circular clockface with centre O. The clock’s minute hand has a length of 10 cm.
The clock’s hour hand has a length of 6 cm.
At 4: 00 pm the endpoint of the minute hand is at point A and the endpoint of the hour hand is at point B.

̂ B in degrees.
Find the size of angle A O
25b. [3 marks]
Find the distance between points A and B.
25c. [2 marks]
Between 4: 00 pm and 4: 13 pm, the endpoint of the minute hand rotates through an angle, 𝜃, from point A
to point C. This is illustrated in the diagram.

Find the size of angle 𝜃 in degrees.

25d. [2 marks]
Calculate the length of arc AC.
25e. [2 marks]
Calculate the area of the shaded sector, AOC.
25f. [1 mark]
A second clock is illustrated in the diagram below. The clock face has radius 10 cm with minute and hour
hands both of length 10 cm. The time shown is 6: 00 am. The bottom of the clock face is located 3 cm above a
horizontal bookshelf.

Write down the height of the endpoint of the minute hand above the bookshelf at 6: 00 am.
26a. [3 marks]
A farmer owns a field in the shape of a triangle ABC such that AB = 650 m, AC = 1005 m and BC = 1225 m.

Find the size of AĈB.

26b. [3 marks]
The local town is planning to build a highway that will intersect the borders of the field at points D and E,
where DC = 210 m and CÊD = 100, as shown in the diagram below.

Find DE.
26c. [5 marks]
The town wishes to build a carpark here. They ask the farmer to exchange the part of the field represented
by triangle DCE. In return the farmer will get a triangle of equal area ADF, where F lies on the same line as D
and E, as shown in the diagram above.
Find the area of triangle DCE.
26d. [4 marks]
Estimate DF. You may assume the highway has a width of zero.
27a. [2 marks]
A hollow chocolate box is manufactured in the form of a right prism with a regular hexagonal base. The
height of the prism is ℎ cm, and the top and base of the prism have sides of length 𝑥 cm.

√3 3√3𝑥 2
Given that sin 60 = , show that the area of the base of the box is equal to .
2 2

27b. [5 marks]
Given that the total external surface area of the box is 1200 cm2 , show that the volume of the box may be
9
expressed as 𝑉 = 300√3𝑥 − 4 𝑥 3 .

27c. [2 marks]
9
Sketch the graph of 𝑉 = 300√3𝑥 − 4 𝑥 3 , for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 16.

27d. [2 marks]
𝑑𝑉
Find an expression for 𝑑𝑥 .

27e. [2 marks]
Find the value of 𝑥 which maximizes the volume of the box.
27f. [2 marks]
Hence, or otherwise, find the maximum possible volume of the box.
27g. [1 mark]
The box will contain spherical chocolates. The production manager assumes that they can calculate the exact
number of chocolates in each box by dividing the volume of the box by the volume of a single chocolate and
then rounding down to the nearest integer.
Explain why the production manager is incorrect.