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IoT Based Smart Energy Metering System for Monitoring the Domestic
Load Using PLC and SCADA
To cite this article: R Amudhevalli and T Sivakumar 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1055 012154

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

IoT Based Smart Energy Metering System for

Monitoring the Domestic Load Using PLC and
SCADA

R Amudhevalli 1*, T Sivakumar2

1
Research scholar, Department of Electronics, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and
Science, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
2
Professor, Department of Electronics, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science,
Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

*Email Id: [email protected].

Abstract. The effort to obtain electricity utility meter readings and identify illegal use of
electricity seems to be a very difficult and time consuming job in many other developing
countries that needs a lot of effort and time. The Internet of Things energy meter reading and
tracking device offers an accessible and cost effective way to transmit the energy data used by
the user wirelessly and information networks to detect the unauthorized use of electricity. This
proposed work aims to measure the electricity consumption of the electrical appliances in the
house hold and it automatically generates the bill using smart meters. In addition this system
can easily detect and screening the energy theft. The entire smart meters sensors have been
equipped and controlled with PLC and monitored by the SCADA. The observed data will be
taken from the digital energy meter and unite the system to a Wireless communication device
and then passes the data to the Internet and Server. The detection of power theft will be obtained
by using a sensor, it will work when any illegal usage of electricity. There is any chances of
theft detection from the customer utility grid, it will automatically disconnected and enables
supply again for the customer. The proposed system can handle of constantly tracking and
notifying the energy supplier and the customer about the amount of units consumed. Energy
usage is directly calculated and the bill is posted on the Internet through the Internet of Things
network. The requirements of manual labor can be reduced by this automation.

Keywords: Smart Energy Meter, IoT, PLC, SCADA, Electricity Billing, Energy Theft
detection.

1. Introduction
One of the concerns faced by the electricity sector is the control of energy. With the exponential rise in
energy demand, electricity has played a prominent role in human life. Controlling and reduction of
energy usage at house hold will be very important. This will helps the consumer to reduce the costs,
carbon emissions and risk protection. Earlier the control and monitoring approaches was deals with
energy meter for monitoring. But recently the conventional system has been replaced with the analogue
and digital energy. The traditional energy meter system was based on the electricity board's manual

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

meter reading, though there is a risk of human error. Nowadays with the help of smart energy meters
the entire house hold will be control and monitored smartly by using the IoT based smart metering
enabled with PLC and SCADA. Most customers are not satisfied and pleased with the services of
electricity suppliers in a country like India; due to conventional meter reading techniques that involve a
large number of people power and long working hours to collect metering data for the payment
process. Often, for different reasons, the manual payment process is slow. The conventional human
operational metering method can result in inaccuracy. Electricity theft is also a difficult concern for the
Indian electricity board. The Indian Electricity Board announced that almost 30 percent of its total
electricity supply was lost due to the theft of electricity. The officials of the Electricity Board are also
preparing to implement stringent laws such as the withdrawal of electricity supplies to homes or
factories involved in electricity theft. The economic effect of theft decreases revenue from the selling
of electricity and raises the need for customer overcharges. It is not enough to produce more power to
meet existing energy requirements. In order to use the produced power effectively, energy usage and
losses have to be closely controlled and handled. It enables objects to be managed and sensed remotely
through existing communication networks by conducting the Internet of Things debate, which provides
opportunities for further direct integration between both the quantum environment and computer based
systems. These operations result in increased productivity, precision and economic benefits. In this
report, this proposed IoT based smart energy meter reading and monitoring device monitors each
household's electricity usage and automatically generates the bill using IoT and telemetric
communication techniques such as PLC and SCADA. This device also provides an efficient IoT based
framework for detecting and monitoring electricity theft in household’s locations.

2. General View on PLC, SCADA and IoT Concept

2.1 About PLC

An industrial solid state computer that monitors inputs and outputs and allows logic based actions for
automation or machines is a programmable logic controller. There are two fundamental parts of a
Programmable Logic Controller: the CPU and the input, output interface device. The CPU governs all
the operations of the Programmable Logic Controller, which can serve as both the processor and the
memory device, while the Programmable Logic Controller physically linked to the other machines, the
input, output mechanism and the connection between the CPU and Process of input & output. Figure1
represents the pictorial representation of PLC.

Figure 1 Pictorial representation of PLC

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

2.2 About SCADA

SCADA stands for supervisory control and Data acquisition. It is a type of process control software
application programmed. SCADA is a mid control system that consists of network interfaces, input or
output, communication devices, and software for controllers. In the industrial phase, this involves
manufacturing, processing, development. SCADA systems are used to follow and control equipment. The
SCADA device allows users to adjust the steady state for the flow and makes the warning conditions to
be shown and registered in the event of a loss of flow and extreme temperatures. The performance of the
loop is tracked by the SCADA system. The SCADA system is a centralized system for the Clint nodes to
connect with both wired and wireless technologies. All forms of the industrial process can be completely
controlled by the SCADA system devices. The figure 2 represents the pictorial representations of SCADA
system.

Figure 2. Pictorial representation of SCADA

2.3 About IoT architecture

The Internet of Things ( IoT) is a network of interrelated digital devices , computers, items, organisms or
people with digital signatures and the capacity, without any need for human to human or human to
computer interaction, to transfer and exchange data over the internet. The IoT architecture is basically a
system of multiple components: sensors, protocols, hydraulics, cloud computing, and levels. There are 4
levels of IoT architecture, considering its complexity. Such an amount is chosen in a comprehensive and
unified network to reliably use those different kinds of components. IoT device becomes a circle where a
server submits commands to sensors or actuators to do certain acts, including all steps in the IoT
architecture. The Figure 3 shows the IoT architecture.

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

Figure 3 IoT architecture.

3. Proposed System Methodology

3.1 Architecture of House hold Energy Monitoring Using IoT

Several investigators have been inspired by the need for appropriate energy usage and monitoring
knowledge to provide creative control and monitoring strategies for the power sector. Similarly, to
analyze the collected data, many organizations have Energy Management systems. The general system
design for household energy monitoring using IoT can be accomplished by generalizing these procedures,
as shown in Figure 4.
There are smart meters and sensors at the lower side of this architecture that can be linked via wired or
wireless networks. A variety of criteria can be accomplished by smart energy meters available on the
market, thereby offering a high degree of versatility in measuring and analyzing energy usage. The data
collected is sent to a gateway at the middle layer and then transmitted to a local laptops and mobile
devices through standard communication protocols, including wireless technology. Sensors can be much
more flexibly mounted on the shop floor if wifi modems are used. Ultimately, data for review is fed into
the Energy Management programme. A supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) can
also be combined with the data with smart metering systems.

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

Figure 4. Architecture of House holds Energy Monitoring Using IoT

3.2 Designing of Proposed work

The PLC unit is configured with the Automatic Data Reading unit, theft detection control unit and Wi-Fi
module in the smart energy meter design. The PLC is a key component of the intelligent energy meter
device that is installed at the end of the customer in order to monitor the reading of the meter, identify
theft and store the data. This information is transmitted using IoT ESP3866 Wi-Fi between the user end
and the energy supplier end. The Automated Data Reader module controls the meter consistently and
gathers and sends the readings to the PLC. Hence the need to identify the smart meter unit remotely in a
reliable way in the current situation. We have given IP addresses for each link to accomplish the
characteristics of the system remotely. In this article, we focused on the detection of theft, optimal power
usage, and transmission to the consumer end of the energy consumption data. The block diagram
provided in Figure 5 illustrates the structure proposed.

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

Figure 5 Block diagram of the proposed system

4. Implementation of Proposed System

The user will deal with their use of energy in the proposed method by understanding their usage of energy
from moment to moment. The solution not only offers two path interchanges between utility and user, but
also offers distinct capacities, which are if the consumer fails to pay the power fee, the supply of energy
will be shut down from the utility side and the supply of energy is reconnected until the bill is charged.
In addition to the revolutionary current system to provide an warning message to the consumer power
consumed for 15 days once, continuous alert message with payment information and power consumption
before the payment is completed. We set a cap for each household to prevent more energy use, and if the
cap reaches the methods are used to cut down the appliances automatically and manually according to
user convenience. If a smart meter fault occurs, it will also submit a warning to the user. In addition this
system cans identify the theft of power from the user utility grid. Based on the sensor it was detected and
give an alarm and alert to the user.

4.1 Progress from smart meter

From the smart meter the sensor reads the reading of the appliances which was connected. The data from
the sensor will be taken as phase angle difference of the load and meters. The obtained data is given to the
PLC to calculate the bill. If the loads utilized for 1 hour, the PLC convert that usage in units, from the
units it can calculate the billing amount. At the same time theft of the supply can be managed from the

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

line supply voltage sensor, the sensor automatically detects the unknown person usage.

4.2 Progress from IoT Server

As a cloud server, Cayenne.com is used. In the server, voltage and current values are sensed by the sensor
and continuously stored. It is possible to schedule notifications on a server. The theft detection system
also is activated from this server notification. The automatic bill cycle will be done from the smart meters
reading which enables this server to communicate with the users. From the server the data will be passed
to the SCADA for real time monitoring and status of the house hold applications.

5. Real Time Implementation of Proposed System

The figure 6 shows the hardware implementation of proposed system. When the house hold loads are
connected from the supply line and it was interfaced with the load control circuit and sensor as shown in
the figure 6.

Figure 6: Power Usage by days and hours Chart

The output from the sensor and automatic theft circuit is combined and named as smart meters. From the
smart meters it will be given to the PLC, along with the PLC the reading can be calculated and given to
the server by wireless communication system. Then the bill and status of the load can be sending to user
by IoT server via Mobile application. From the figure 7 the real time monitoring can be obtained from the
SCADA display. By using the IoT technology the user can get the power consumption and usage status in
real time from the mobile application. The figure 8 and 9 shows the power usage day and hours and
consumption chart.

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

Figure 7: Power Consumption Chart

Figure 8 Real Time monitoring from the SCADA display.

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IVC RAISE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1055 (2021) 012154 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012154

Figure 9 Hardware implementation of proposed system.

6. Conclusion

In this paper, a smart energy meter reading and monitoring system based on IoT with PLC and SCADA
was proposed. There are many important advantages to the system, such as wireless data transfer, remote
monitoring and control, anti-theft machine, and lower costs. Without even any human intervention, the
process will provide an easy method to earn the meter reading and identify an electricity supply theft. The
consistency of wireless data transmission is enhanced by the use of PLC and wireless communication
systems. The consumer can check their used unit and bill at any time by using this device on the Internet
in which paper is not needed for billing, which saves paper and printing costs. The bill can be charged
using the customer service system online. It helps the consumer to verify the energy usage and bill once
they log in to the system, while the bill is sent monthly or on appeal to the consumer by another existing
system.

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