Scribd
Upload
67 views3 pages

QA Handout Normal Distribution

1. A normal probability distribution is bell-shaped and symmetric about its mean. The spread depends on the standard deviation. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data lie within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. 2. The normal distribution table lists the areas under the normal curve for different z-scores. It is used to find probabilities and percentages associated with the normal distribution. 3. Examples show how to use the table to find specific areas under the normal curve corresponding to given z-scores, and how the empirical rule can determine ranges of scores based on the mean and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Marvin Canaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views3 pages

QA Handout Normal Distribution

1. A normal probability distribution is bell-shaped and symmetric about its mean. The spread depends on the standard deviation. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data lie within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. 2. The normal distribution table lists the areas under the normal curve for different z-scores. It is used to find probabilities and percentages associated with the normal distribution. 3. Examples show how to use the table to find specific areas under the normal curve corresponding to given z-scores, and how the empirical rule can determine ranges of scores based on the mean and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Marvin Canaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

3rd QA Handout

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Properties of a Normal Probability Distribution

Observe the graphs generated in a few coin-tossing A normal probability distribution has the following
experiments. properties.

1. The normal probability distribution is bell-shaped.


2. The curve is symmetric about its mean.
3. The mean 𝑋̅ is equal to the median 𝑋̃, and is also
equal to the mode 𝑋̂.
4. The spread of the curve depends on the standard
deviation of the distribution.
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along
the horizontal axis; always approaching the axis
but never touching it.
6. The area under the curve is 1.

Important note: The area is simply the graphical


representation of percentage, proportion, or probability.

The standard normal curve is a normal probability


distribution that has a 𝜇 = 0 and 𝜎 = 1.

The Empirical Rule is also referred to as the 68-95-


97.7% rule. What it tells us is that for a normally
distributed variable, the following are true:

✓ Approximately 68% of the data lie within 1


standard deviation of the mean.
What is the shape of each distribution? 𝑃(𝜇 − 𝜎 < 𝑋 < 𝜇 + 𝜎)
What can you infer about the shape of the distribution ✓ Approximately 95% of the data lie within 2
when 8 coins are simultaneously tossed? 10 coins? 1000 standard deviations of the mean.
coins? 𝑃(𝜇 − 2𝜎 < 𝑋 < 𝜇 + 2𝜎)
✓ Approximately 99.7% of the data lie within 3
A large number of random variables have the natural standard deviations of the mean.
tendency to approximate the shape of a bell. Hence, it is 𝑃(𝜇 − 3𝜎 < 𝑋 < 𝜇 + 3𝜎)
known as a normal random variable and its bell-shaped
distribution is called a normal probability distribution, or
simply normal curve.

The probability distribution for a continuous random


variable X is a bell-shaped curve. The probability values
under the curve enable us to make probability statements These areas are found in the z Table below.
about a random variable. Hence, it is usually used as a
mathematical model in inferential statistics.

In the sketch of a normal probability distribution, we can


locate the two important characteristics of a target
population, the mean 𝜇 and the standard deviation 𝜎. The
curve is perfectly symmetric about its mean 𝜇, and its
spread is determined by its standard deviation 𝜎.
3rd QA Handout

Table of Areas under the Normal Curve

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
0.5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2517 .2549
0.7 .2580 .2611 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.8 .2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
0.9 .3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
1.0 .3413 .3438 .3461 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.2 .3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3962 .3980 .3997 .4015
1.3 .4032 .4049 .4066 .4082 .4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177
1.4 .4192 .4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319
1.5 .4332 .4345 .4357 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429 .4441
1.6 .4452 .4463 .4474 .4484 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
1.7 .4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633
1.8 .4641 .4649 .4656 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706
1.9 .4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
2.0 .4772 .4778 .4783 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .4812 .4817
2.1 .4821 .4826 .4830 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
2.2 .4861 .4864 .4868 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890
2.3 .4893 .4896 .4898 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4922 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936
2.5 .4938 .4940 .4941 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4961 .4962 .4963 .4964
2.7 .4965 .4966 .4967 .4968 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
2.9 .4981 .4982 .4982 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986
3.0 .4987 .4987 .4987 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
3rd QA Handout
Example 1 In the table, this area is found in the encircled intersection
of the shaded row labeled 2.2 and the column labeled .07.
Find the area under the curve between z = 0 and z = 1.05 This area is 0.4884.
We can determine the required area by using the Table of The sketch of the normal curve showing the required area
Areas under the Normal Distribution. is shown below.

The shaded region of the graph below shows the area Example 3
between z = 0 and z = 1.05. In the table, this area is found
in the circled intersection of the shaded row labeled 1.0 Use Empirical Rule to complete the following table. Write
and the column labeled .05. The area 0.3531 is also called on the respective column the range or interval of the
the probability, percentage or proportion for the interval z scores based on the given parameters.
= 0 to z = 1.05.

Try this!

1. The test scores of a physics class with 800


Example 2 students are distributed normally with a mean of
75 and a standard deviation of 7.
Find the area that corresponds to z = -2.27 a. What percentage of the class has a test
Finding the area that corresponds to z = -2.27 is the same score between 68 and 82?
as finding the area between z = 0 and z = -2.27. To find b. Approximately how many students have
the required area, use the Table of Areas under the a test score between 61 and 89?
Normal Curve, as shown on the following figure. c. What is the probability that a student
chosen at random has a test score
between 54 and 75?
d. Approximately how many students have
a test score greater than or equal to 96?

You might also like