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SPECTROPHOTOMETER

The document describes a method to estimate the amount of iron in a water sample using a spectrophotometer. It involves creating standard solutions of known iron concentrations, measuring their absorbance values at 480nm, and using those to generate a calibration curve relating absorbance to concentration. The absorbance of an unknown water sample is then measured and its iron concentration determined from the calibration curve. The method takes advantage of the fact that iron forms a colored complex when reacted with ammonium thiocyanate, and the intensity of the color can be quantified using spectrophotometry.

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82 views3 pages

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

The document describes a method to estimate the amount of iron in a water sample using a spectrophotometer. It involves creating standard solutions of known iron concentrations, measuring their absorbance values at 480nm, and using those to generate a calibration curve relating absorbance to concentration. The absorbance of an unknown water sample is then measured and its iron concentration determined from the calibration curve. The method takes advantage of the fact that iron forms a colored complex when reacted with ammonium thiocyanate, and the intensity of the color can be quantified using spectrophotometry.

Uploaded by

katukatu katu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE

ESTIMATION OF IRON CONTENT OF THE WATER


Estimation of Iron By Spectrophotometric Method
SAMPLE USING SPECTROPHOTOMETER
AIM:
Concentration of Absorbance at 480
S.No. Fe3+ solution (ppm) (nm) To estimate the amount of iron present in the given sample using
spectrophotometer.
1 1

2 2 PRINCIPLE:

3 3 Water containing dissolved iron is not suitable for domestic use and

4 4 industrial applications, especially in the manufacture of textiles, paper, food


additives, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Hence the estimation of iron is
5 5
important in deciding the treatment procedure for its removal. Accurate
6 Unknown
determination of iron in ppm level cannot be done by titrimetry,
conductometry and potentiometry. But it can be measured by
spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometric method of estimation is based on
the absorbance of radiation by the substance in the visible region of
electromagnetic spectrum. The intensity of light absorbed by a solution at a
specific wavelength is governed by Beer-Lambert’s law.

Absorbance A = log (I0/I) = εcI


Where, I0 is the intensity of the incident monochromatic light, I is that of
the light transmitted through a solution of length ‘l’ and concentration ‘c’. ε
is the a constant characteristic of the substance and is known as the molar
absorption co-efficient. The variation in the absorbance with concentration
is measured using a visible spectrophotometer keeping the path length
constant. The concentration of highly coloured solutions or solutions which
become coloured by the addition of a reagent can be estimated by this
method.

In the estimation of iron, the ferric iron solution of known concentrations is


treated with ammonium thiocyanate reagent to produce a blood red colour
due to the formation of the octahedral ferric thiocyanate complex. The
hydrolysis of Fe3+ solutions is prevented by adding concentrated nitric acid.

Fe3+ + 6NH4SCN  [Fe(SCN)6]3- + 6NH4+

These solutions are subjected to spectrophotometric measurement at a


wavelength of 480 nm and the corresponding absorbance values are noted.
A calibration graph is drawn by plotting the absorbance against the
concentration as shown in model graph.

ABSORBANCE

CONCENTRATION
PROCEDURE:

A stock solution of ferric iron is prepared by the given quantity of ferrous


ammonium sulphate dissolved in 10 ml of concentrated HNO3 and making
up to 1000 ml in a SMF. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ml of this solution is
pipetted out in to a 100 ml SMF. To each of these solutions, 5 ml of 4N
HNO3 and 10 ml of ammonium thiocyanate solution are added respectively
and the contents are made up to 100 ml using deionised water. The
absorbance is set to be zero in the spectrophotometer for a blank solution
containing only the reagents. The absorbance of the standard solutions is
measured at a wavelength of 480 nm and a working graph is constructed by
plotting the concentrations vs. the corresponding absorbance values.

The absorbance of the unknown sample is also measured at the same


wavelength and the concentration of Fe3+ is determined from the graph.

RESULT:

The amount of iron present in the given sample = ________ ppm.

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