CP Biology 2012-13 Name _______________________

Genetic
Inheritance

Homework Packet
Uses textbook pages 306-320

Record of Incomplete Homework for this Unit:

Record the following information for every assignment not completed on time.

Use the choices below the table.

Homework # Date Assigned I did not complete this HW because:

A. I did not record it in my planner/ I did not check the class website

B. I did not understand the material and have arranged to see the teacher for help

C. I did not understand the material and did not see the teacher for help

D. I forgot/ I just didn’t do it

E. OTHER: Please explain any extraordinary circumstances

HW #1: Basic Genetics – Vocabulary

1._K____heredity a. a single copy of a gene, or one form of a gene

2._M____genetics b. having two identical alleles for a particular gene

3._J____fertilization c. the observed expression of a trait

4.__N___self-pollination d. another word for homozygous

5.__E___cross- e. sexual reproduction between two separate flowers

pollination
6.__H___Mendel f. any specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, of an
individual
7.__F___trait g. the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
8.__I___hybrid h. an Austrian monk who studied pea plant genetics; the ‘Father of Genetics’

9.__D___true-breeding i. another word for heterozygous

10.__P___gene j. when male & female reproductive cells join to produce a zygote

11.__A___allele k. the delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring

12.__G___gene locus l. the genetic makeup of an organism

13.__B___homozygous m. the scientific study of heredity

14.__O___heterozygous n. sexual reproduction within one flower

15.___C__phenotype o. having two different alleles for a particular gene

16.___L__genotype p. term used today to refer to the ‘factors’ passed from parents to offspring

17. Circle letters that would represent dominant alleles. Underline letters that would represent
recessive alleles. D e k L N o R S

18. Circle genotypes that are homozygous. Underline genotypes that are heterozygous.
AA Gg KK ll pp Rr TT ff

19. Circle genotypes that would result in the expression of the dominant phenotype. Underline
genotypes that would result in the expression of the recessive phenotype.
aa Gg Ff KK Oo PP ss tt

20. In a series of crosses, the original parental generation is identified by the letter ___P______. The
offspring of that generation are known as the first filial or ____F1____ generation. The offspring of the first
filial generation are known as the second filial or ____F2______ generation.
HW #2: Solve the Mystery

1. You are walking down the hallway when you find your biology teacher sprawled on the floor, the
victim of an evil villain. After breathing a sign of relief that the next test will most certainly be delayed,
you notice a note in her hand. Scrawled across the paper are a series of phenotypes.

The note reads:

“Hairy fingers, attached earlobes, almond shaped eyes, long eyelashes”.

Based on these clues, you decide to try to find the villain. You search the hallway for likely suspects and
come up with the following suspects:

custodian: AA, Ll, Hh, Ee

principal: AA, ll, hh, ee

Xerox repair man: Aa, Ll, Hh, ee

female student: AA, LL, hh, Ee

male student:aa, LL, HH, ee

Given the following information:

free earlobes (E) are dominant over attached earlobes (e)ee

long eyelashes (L) are dominant over short eyelashes (l)Ll or LL

hairy fingers (H) are dominant over smooth fingers (h)Hh or HH

almond shaped eyes (A) are dominant over round eyes (a)Aa or AA

According to the evidence, who is most likely the villain?

HW#3: MendelianGentics
1. Why are peas a good model system for studying heredity?
Small, cheap, easy to grow, have several traits that come in contrasting forms (two different forms
Large # of offspring
2. How did Mendel cross-pollinate flowers?
He removed the filaments and anthers from one flower and used a brush to transfer the pollen from
another flower to the first flower
3. How many copies of each gene are found in a diploid cell?2

4. Suppose you have a bag of 60 jellybeans (20 cherry, 20 blueberry and 20 lime). The chance of picking a
lime flavored jellybean is:___1/3__
The chance of picking three lime flavored jellybeans in a row is:1/3 x 1/3 x 1/3 = 1/27

5. Give an example of a physical trait # of fingers

Give an example of a behavioral traitmating call of a robin
Give an example of a physiological traithow your body regulates temperature

6. Which of the following is true?____

a. phenotypes determine genotypes
b. genotypes determine phenotypes DNA  RNA  proteins  traits

7. Complete the table to show the combination of alleles in the offspring.

Dominant and Recessive Forms of Pea Plant Traits

Offspring
Trait Parent Plants (P Generation)
(F1 Generation)
Seed Color Yellow Green Yellow
YY yy __Yy__

X
Seed Coat Color White Gray Gray
gg GG ___Gg_____

X
Pod Shape Constricted Smooth Smooth
ss SS ____Ss_____

X
Pod Color Green Yellow Green
CC cc ____Cc____

X
8. Based on the table on the previous page, what is the dominant shape of a pea pod? How do you know?
Smooth. When crossed with the constricted type pod all offspring are smooth
 (Capital letters)
9. What letter represents the recessive allele for pod color?____c (lowercase)__________
10. The following table shows some dominantMendelian traits exhibited by Julia and/or her parents.

Dominant Trait Julia’s Dad Julia’s Mom Julia

Freckles yes yes yes

Cheek dimples yes no yes

Free ear lobes yes no no

11. Which statement is true about Julia and her parents? Circle the correct answer.
A. They all have at least one dominant allele for freckles.
B. They all have at least one dominant allele for cheek dimples.
C. They all have at least one dominant allele for free ear lobes.

12. In the future, Julia will marry a man with freckles. However, her daughter will not have freckles. How is
that possible?If both Julia and her husband are heterozygous (Ff), some of their children won’t have
freckles

13. What is segregation? What is the result of segregation?

Segregation is the separation of chromosomes during meiosis. This results in haploid gametes which only
contain either a maternal or paternal allel for each gene.

14. Explain the principle of dominance.One allele can “hide” the expression of another.

15. The capital letter G represents the allele in peas that causes the dominant trait, gray seed coat. The
lower-case letter g represents the recessive allele that causes the recessive trait, white seed coat.
In the circles, show the alleles in the gametes of the parent generation. Show how the alleles recombine in the F 1plants.

G G g g

Gg Gg Gg Gg

16. A male hamster has the genotype Ddand has straight fur. A female hamster has the genotype ddand has
curly fur. Complete the Punnett square to show the possible offspring of these hamsters.

D d

Dd dd
d

Dd dd
d

Use the Punnett square to answer the next few questions. Circle the correct answer.

17. What is the probability that the hamsters’ offspring will have straight fur?

25% 50% 75% 100%

18. The owner of the female hamster wants offspring with curly fur. What genotype will a male hamster
need to have in order to produce only offspring with curly fur?

dd Dd DD
HW #4: Simple Dominance – One Trait Crosses
_____1. In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (s). If two heterozygous smooth plants
are crossed and had 200 offspring, how many can be expected to have wrinkled seeds?

a. about 200 b. about 100 c. about 50 d. zero

_____2. Mendel crossed two pea plants (“parents”) and found that 98 of the offspring had wrinkled seeds and 102
had smooth seeds. What were the most likely genotypes of the “parents”?

a. SS x SS b. Ss x SS c.ss x ss d. Ss x ss

_____3. For which cross would you predict a 1:1 phenotypic ratio to be seen in the offspring?

a. homozygous dominant x homozygous dominant

b. homozygous dominant x homozygous recessive

c. heterozygous x heterozygous

d. heterozygous x homozygous recessive

4. In fruit flies, the gene for long wings (L) is dominant to the gene for short wings (l). A homozygous long-winged
male is mated with a heterozygous long-winged female. Show the punnett square and determine the expected
percentages of each possible genotype and phenotype in the offspring.

The parents are LL and Ll.

Genotypes are LL :Ll and the genotypic ratio is 1:1

Phenotypes are all Long wings and the Phenotypic ratio is 4:0

5. Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by a recessive gene (t). Individuals homozygous for this gene die before age 3.
Individuals with one or two normal alleles (T) for this trait will show no symptoms. Suppose two heterozygous
individuals decide to have children. Show the punnett square and determine the expected percentages of each
possible genotype and phenotype in the offspring.

The parents are Tt and Tt.

Genotypes are TT :Tt:tt and the genotypic ratio is 1:2:1

Phenotypes are not affected and affected, and the Phenotypic ratio is 3:1

6. In guinea pigs, black coat color (B) is dominant over white coat color (b). Two black guinea pigs were mated
over several years and produced 29 black and 9 white offspring. Determine the most likely genotypes of the
parents of these offspring. Show the punnett square.

The Phenotypic ratio of offspring is 29:9 or approx.. 3:1 so the genotypes of the parents are Bb and Bb.
7. In squash, white fruit color is dominant to yellow fruit color. If a cross between a white-fruited plant and a
yellow-fruited plant yielded 43 white and 39 yellow offspring, what are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
Show the punnett square.

The phenotypic ratiois 43:39 or approximately 1:1, so the parents would be WW and Ww

8. In humans, the allele for brown hair (B) is dominant over blonde (b). If a blonde-haired woman and a brown-
haired man had 12 children, all of whom were brown haired, what is the most likely genotype of the man? Show
the punnett square.

BB is the most likely genotype of the the man.

9. In humans, the allele for a widow’s peak hairline (W) is dominant over the allele for a straight hairline (w).
Suppose a man with a straight hairline marries a woman with a widow’s peak. Their first two children have a
widow’s peak but the third has a straight hairline. What is the probability that their next child will have a widow’s
peak? Show the punnett square.

The cross is ww x Ww, since at least one child shows the recessive trait. The probability that their next child will
have a widow’s peak is 50% or ½.

10. In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b). What is the chance that two blue-eyed
parents will have a brown-eyed child? Show the punnett square.

The cross is bb x bb, so there is no chance that these parents will have a brown-eyed child.
HW #5: Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, and Multiple Alleles
1. Incomplete Dominance.

a. Squash come in three different shapes: Round (RR), Long (LL) and Bell-shaped (RL). Suppose you
were to cross a plant that produces long squash with a plant that produces round squash. Show the
punnett square and determine the expected percentages of each possible genotype and phenotype in the
offspring of this cross.

L L

R RL RL

R RL RL

Genotypic ratio: 100 % RL

Phenotypic ratio: 100 % Bell- shaped

b. Show the punnett square and determine the expected percentages of each possible genotype and
phenotype in the F2 offspring.

F2: R L

R RR RL

L RL LL

Genotypic ratio: 50 % RL, 25%RR, 25%LL or 1 RR:2RL:1LL

Phenotypic ratio: 50 % Bell- shaped; 25% Round, 25% Long or 1Round:2Bell-shaped:1Long

2. Codominance.

a. Shorthorn cattle show one of three different hair colors: red (CRCR), white (CWCW), or roan (CRCW)(a
combination of red & white hairs). Suppose a farmer breeds two adult cattle and over a period of several
years they produce 4 red offspring and 4 roan offspring. Determine the most probable genotypes of the
parents. Show the punnett square.

CR CW

CR CR CR CR CW
CR CR CR CW
CR
b. In a certain species of chicken, the allele for black feathers (F B) is codominant to the allele for white
feathers (FW). Heterozygous adults are “erminette” (black and white speckled feathers). Suppose you
were to cross a black chicken with an erminette chicken. Show the punnett square and determine the
expected percentages of each possible genotype and phenotype in the offspring.

FB FW

FB
FB FB FBFW
FB FB FB FBFW

Genotypic ratio: 1 FBFB: 1 FBFW

Phenotypic ratio: 1 Black :1 Erminette

3. Multiple Alleles

a. Could a man with type B blood father a child with type O blood, if the mother has type A blood?
___yes____ Show the Punnett square(s) that led you to this answer.

Mom: IAIA or IAIO Dad: IBIO or IBIB IA IO

IB I A IB IB IO
Child must be IOIO
IO I B IO IO IO

b. A nurse at a hospital removed the wrist tags of three babies

Name Blood Type
in the maternity ward. She needs to figure out which baby
Mr. Jones O
belongs to which parents, so she checks their blood types. Mrs. Jones A
Using the chart below, determine which couple each baby Mr. Smith AB
belongs to. Show the Punnett square(s) that led you to your Mrs. Smith AB
answers. Mr. Brown O
Mrs. Brown O
What is the last name of each baby? Baby X O
Baby Y A
Baby X:__Brown_____ Baby Z B
Baby Y:__Jones_____
Baby Z:__Smith_______

c. In rabbits, coat color is a polygenic

trait. Suppose you were to cross a rabbit
with the genotype cchchwith a rabbit that
had the genotype Cc. Show the punnett
square and determine the expected
percentages of each possible genotype
and phenotype in the offspring of this
cross.

cch ch

C Ccch Cch

c Cchc cch

Genotype: ¼ Ccch; ¼ Cch; ¼ Cchc; ¼ cch or 1 Ccch : 1 Cch : 1 Cchc : 1 cch

Phenotype: ¼ light grey; ½ full color; ¼ Himalaya or 1 light grey : 2 full color : 1 Himalaya
HW #6: Sex-linked Traits

_____1.Which chromosome pair (for #23) causes a human zygote to become FEMALE?

a. XX b. XY

_____2. Which of the following is true for X-linked recessive disorders in humans?

a. they are more common in males

b. they are common in females

c. they are equally common in males and females

3. A woman who is a carrier for the x-linked recessive trait of hemophilia marries a normal (non-
hemophiliac) man. Show the punnett square and determine the expected percentages of each possible
genotype and phenotype in their children.
Genotypes: XH XH; XH Xh; XH Y; Xh Y
XH Xh
Genotypic Ratio: 1: 1: 1: 1
Phenotypes: normal male, normal females, hemophiliac male XH XH XH XH Xh
Phenotypic Ratio: 1 normal male: 2 normal females: 1 hemophiliac male
XH Y Xh Y
Y

4. Colorblindness in humans is caused by a recessive gene located on the X-chromosome. Suppose a

colorblind man marries a female who is a carrier for colorblindness (though she herself is not colorblind).
Show the punnett square and determine the expected percentages of each possible genotype and
phenotype in their children.
Genotypes: XC Xc; Xc Xc; XC Y; Xc Y XC Xc
Genotypic Ratio: 1: 1: 1: 1
Phenotypes: normal female, colorblind female, normal male, colorblind male Xc XC Xc Xc Xc
Phenotypic Ratio: 1: 1: 1: 1
XC Y Xc Y
Y

5. Suppose a hemophiliac man and a hemophiliac woman decide they would like to have children. What
is the chance that any of their children will have hemophilia? Show the Punnett square(s) that led you to
this answer. h
Xh
X
100% chance of the children having hemophilia. Xh Xh Xh Xh
Xh
Xh Y Xh Y
Y