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Fluid Dynamics Calculations

This document discusses questions related to packed beds and external flow. It contains calculations for a sphere's terminal velocity, drag coefficient, and the viscosity of a fluid. It also includes calculations of particle diameter and pressure drop in a packed bed when the flow rate is doubled. Finally, it calculates the sphericity of a cylinder where the length equals the diameter.

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Saif Rehman
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90 views5 pages

Fluid Dynamics Calculations

This document discusses questions related to packed beds and external flow. It contains calculations for a sphere's terminal velocity, drag coefficient, and the viscosity of a fluid. It also includes calculations of particle diameter and pressure drop in a packed bed when the flow rate is doubled. Finally, it calculates the sphericity of a cylinder where the length equals the diameter.

Uploaded by

Saif Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PACKED BEDS & EXTERNAL FLOW

Question No 1

a) Calculate Terminal Velocity?

 Diameter= 0.01 m
 Density of sphere= 2700 kg/m3
 Density of fluid = 900 kg/m3

As we know from excel spread sheet,


Distance= 1.021492 m
Time= 2.39 s
Vt= S/t
Vt= 1.021492/2.39= 0.42740 m/s

b) Calculate Drag Co efficient of sphere?

Fnet= FD -Fg + FB
At Terminal Velocity acceleration is zero then FD=Fg so,

CD= 2FD/density*area* Vt 2
CD=2*(ms -density*volume) *g/ density*area* Vt 2
ms= density of sphere*volume
V= 4/3 *pi*r3
V= 4/3* 3.14*(.005)2

1
V= 5.2*10-7m3
ms= 2700*5.2*10-7= 0.001414 kg
After putting values,
CD=2*(0.001414-5.2*10-7(900))9.81/900*3.14*(0.427)2*(0.005)2
CD= 1.44

c) Calculate the viscosity of fluid?

Viscosity = 2 *r2 * (density of sphere – density of fluid) *g/ 9 *Vt


Viscosity = 2*(0.005)2* (2700-900) *9.81/9*0.427
Viscosity =0.2297 Pa.s

d) To get more accurate result what would you change?


To get more accurate result, distance and time readings should be more accurate and realistic as
all the readings and calculations depend on them.
As from excel we get to know that to cover 1.02-meter distance sphere took 2.39 seconds which
is a lot of time to cover such distance. Drag coefficient value of 1.44 is vey high.

Question No 2

2
a) Calculate Particle diameter= Dp =?

 Flow rate = 0.001 m3/s


 e=0.4
 Packed bed Dia= 0.25m
 Height= 3m
 Fluid = water

Surface are of particle =4* pi*d2 /4


Sp= 4*3.14*0.252 / 4
Sp=0.196 m2

Volume of particle= Vp= 3.14*(0.25)3/6


Vp= 0.008177m3
av = Sp/Vp
av = 23.96 m
Dp= 6/ av
Dp=6/23.96
Dp= 0.25 m

b) Calculate Pressure Drop when flow rate is doubled?

Area of Bed= pi*D2/4


Area of Bed= 3.14*0.25 2 /4
Area of Bed= A= 0.049 m2
Density of water at 25 Celsius is 998/kg/m3
Viscosity of water at 25 Celsius= 0.00091 Pa.s
3
Superficial velocity= flow rate/ area
Superficial velocity= 0.002/0.049
Superficial velocity= 0.0408

Reynold No= Superficial velocity * Dp/1- e* viscosity


Reynold No= 0.048*0.25/(1- 0.4)*0.0009
Reynold No= 9.157

Pressure Drop = - ΔP= H* 1.75* velocity*(1-e)/Dp*e3

Pressure Drop=- ΔP= 3* 1.75 *(0.0408) 2 * (1-0.4)/ 0.25*0.43

Pressure Drop=- ΔP= 5.25*0.998784/0.00016

Pressure Drop=- ΔP= 5.25*6242.4= 32772.6 Pa= 32KPa

Question No 3

4
Calculate Sphericity of cylinder whose length is equal to diameter?
Sphericity = 6 Vp/Dp*Sp
Vp= pi* D2* h/4
As h=D
Vp= pi* D3/4
Pi*Dp3/6 = pi*D3/4
Dp3= 3/2 * D
After taking cubic root,
Dp= 1.14* D

Sp= pi* D*(h+d/2)


As h=d so,
Sp= pi*D* 3*D/2
Sp= pi*D * (1.15 D) = pi*1.15 D3
Sphericity = 6 Vp/Dp*Sp
Sphericity = 6 * pi* D3/4/ 1.14D* pi*1.15 D3
Sphericity = 6/1.14*1.5*4=1.5/1.71
Sphericity = 0.877

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