Lecture No: DTS 1.1 DELLE baru stim red Mela Lime lee yma Ll Topic MAT eeu a ela all ly friction, belt joints ry emule Learning Outcome At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to 1, State the factors of belt selection 2. Describe the types of belt drives 3. Define the belt plyAe Curl DET lista caig Lecture No; DTS 1.1 The belts, ropes and chains are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulleys which rotate at the same speed or at different speeds. Belts, ropes and chains are flexible elements used in conveying system and in transmission of power over comparatively longer distances. The amount of power transmitted depends upon the following factors: 1. The velocity of the belt. 2. The tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys. 3. The arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley. 4. The conditions under which the belt is used.Dr. K Kannan byt deel tae Lecture No: DTS 1.1 The power is transmitted by friction between the belt and contact surface of the pulley. Selection of a Belt Drive Following are the various important factors upon which the selection of a belt drive depends: 1. Speed of the driving and driven shafts, Speed reduction ratio, Power to be transmitted, Centre distance between the shafts, Positive drive requirements, Shafts layout, k Space available, and Service conditions. PROB PWN(TA a ere) bye selastai9 Lecture No: DTS 1.1 Types of Belt Drives The belt drives are usually classified into the following three groups: 1. Light drives. These are used to transmit small powers at belt speeds up to about 10 m/s as in agricultural machines and small machine t ols.) 2. Medium drives. These are used to transmit medium powers at belt speeds over 10 m/s but up to 22 m/s, as in machine tools. 3. Heavy drives. These are used to transmit large powers at belt speeds above 22 m/s as in compressors and generatorsDr. K Kannan Design of Flat Belt Lecture No: DTS 1.1 Types of belt drive 1. Flat belt 2. V-belt 3. Round belt 4. Timing belt O em FJ Ld (a) Flat belt. (B) V-belt (€) Circular belt,DAL Cruel) bytes ela sti 9 Lecture No: DTS1.1 Flat belts were used early in-line shafting to transmit power in factories. They were also used in farming, mining, sawmills, blowers, water pumps and electrical generators. The flat belt is a simple system of power transmission. It delivered high power for high speeds (500 hp for 300 m/min), in cases of wide belts and large pulleys. Flat belts are running on crowned pulley. These flat belts stayed centered on pulleys without any guides or flanges. The key to keeping them tracking centered on the pulleys is the use of “crowned pulleys". Acrowned pulley is a pulley that ha tapering off ever so slightly toward: ight hump in the middle, her edge.(Aa ete) byes ela stai4 Lecture No: DTS 1.1Dr.K Kannan yd seid tai Lecture No: DTS 1.1 \V- belts solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction, speed of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. The V-belt was developed in 1917 by John Gates of the Gates Rubber Company. They are generally endless, and their general cross-section shapes trapezoidal.Dr. K Kannan bya ads elastase Lecture No: DTS1.1 For high-power requirements, two or more v- belts can be joined side-by-side in an arrangement called a multi-V, running on matching multi-groove sheaves. The strength of these belts is obtained by reinforcements with fibers like steel, and polyester.Dr.K Kannan brits iastai4 Lecture No: DTS1.1 IEE BY Rhy Oe x OK KY X) Multiple V-belt Timing beltAa enue) Design of Flat Belt Lecture No: DTS1.1 Round belts are a circular cross section belt designed to run in a pulley with a circular (or near circular) groove. They are for use in low torque situations and may be purchased in various lengths or cut to length and joined, either by a staple, gluing or welding (in the case of polyurethane). Early sewing machines utilized a leather belt, joined either by a metal staple or glued, to a great effect. b(ed ee) eld g ela tai4 Lecture No: DTS 1.1 Timing belts, (also known as Toothed, or Synchronous belts) are a positive transfer belt and can track relative movement. These belts have teeth that fit into a matching toothed pulley. When correctly tensioned, they have no slippage, run at constant speed, and are often used to transfer direct motion for indexing or timing purposes.(Aerie) bya g ela sai 4 Lecture No: DTS 1.1 They are often used in lieu of chains or gears, so there is less noise and a lubrication bath is not necessary. Camshafts of automobiles, miniature timing systems, and stepper motors often utilize these belts. Timing belts need the least tension of all belts, and are among the most efficient. They can bear up to 150 kW at speeds of 5000 m/min.Ae Curl) Design of Flat Belt Lecture No: DTS1.1Dr.K Kannan Design of Flat Balt Lecture No: DTS1.1 eae at Flat belt : thickness 0.75 to 5 mm Round belt: ® 10 to hole V- belt : b= 8 to 19 mm(Ae erie) bya geld tai Lecture No: DTS1.1 Belt friction Belt drives depend on friction to operate but, if the frictionis excessive, there will be waste of energy and rapid wear of the belt. Factors which affect belt friction include belt tension, contact angle and the materials from which the belt and pulleys are made. ODr. K Kannan byes elastais Lecture No: DTS 1.1 Belt tension Power transmission is a function of belt tension. However, also increasing with tension is stress (load) on the belt and bearings. The ideal belt is that of the lowest tension which does not slip in high loads. Belt tensions should also be adjusted to belt type, size, speed, and pulley diameters. Belt tension is determined by measuring the force to deflect the belt a given distance per meDr. K Kannan bytes ela stais Lecture No: DTS 1.1 Belt wear Fatigue is the culprit for most belt problems. This wear is caused by stress from rolling around the pulleys. High belt tension; excessive slippage; adverse environmental conditions; and belt overloads caused by shock, vibration, contribute to belt fatigue.Dr. K Kannan eye ela stais Lecture No: DT! Belt material o Leather: Oak tanned or chrome tanned. © Rubber: Canvas or cotton impregnated with rubber For greater tensile strength steel reinforcement is used. oO Plastics co Fabric: Canvas or woven cotton. Belt thickness can be Multiply built up with number Rubber of layers. Conveyor Belt The number of layers is known as ply. soe ve bayDr. K Kannan bya dg elataie [Reyer oe) es iS Flat belt Flat belt are made of urethane and also of rubber impregnated fabric reinforced with steel wire or nylon card to take tension load. The surface of the flat belt may have a friction surface coating. Flat belt are quiet, efficient at high speed and can transmit large amount of power over a long distance. V- belt V-belt is made of fabric and cord, usually cotton, rayon or nylon and impregnated with rubber. V-belts are used for shorter distance, less efficient than flat belt, and made only in certain length and have no joint.Dr. K Kannan Dredged stais LR Te TT Cod Coo) Es BS Timing belt Timing belts are made of rubberized fabric and steel wire and have teeth that fit into the grooves cut on the periphery of sprockets. Q_ Timing belt does not slip or stretch Q The timing belt transmit power at constant angular velocity ratio. Q_ No initial tension is necessary Q_ The cost of the belt is high.Dr.K Kannan bytes eta ti4 Lecture No: DTS:1.1. Belt joints When the endless belts are not available, then the belts are cut from big rolls and the ends are joined together by fasteners. The various types of joints are 1. Cemented joint, 2. Laced joint, and 3. Hinged joint. The cemented joint made by the manufacturer to form an endless belt, is preferred than other joints. CNT(TA ernie) Design of Flat Belt Lecture No: DTS 1.1 The laced joint is formed by punching holes in line across the belt, leaving a margin between the edge and the holes. Metal laced joint is made like a staple connection. The points are driven through the flesh teen. ior side of the belt and clinched on the inside. Hinged joint: Metal hinges may be fastened to the belt ends and connected by a steel or fibre pin.Dr.K Kannan Design of Flat Belt