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ISBN-13: 978-0-618-59095-7 ISBN-10: 0-618-59095-1 23456789-DW-09 08 07 06be CyerdiiceeW\yetouriny Program Authors and Consultants Dr. Carole Greenes Dr. Lee Stiff Professor of Mathematics Professor of Mathematics Dr. Liping Ma eo Education Education Senior Scholar Boston University North Carolina State University Cornegie Foundation Boston, MA Raleigh, NC Corneaie Foundation of Teaching Dr. Matt Larson Dr. Bruce R. Vogeli Polo Alto, CA Curriculum Specialist for Clifford Brewster Upton Mothematics Professor of Mathematics Lincoln Public Schools Teachers College, Dr. David Chord, Lincoln, NE Columbia University Professor of Reading New orks Ny University of Oregon Dr. Miriam A. Leiva br. Koro) Ewpone, OF, r. Karol Yeatt Distinguished Professor of oro! Yeats Mathematics Emerita Associate Professor University of Borry University North Carolina Mimi, FL Charlotte, NC Dr. Jean M. Shaw Dr. Matt Larson Professor Emerita of Curriculum Specialist for Curriculum and Instruction Mathematics University of Mississippi Lincoln Public Schools Oxford, MS Lincoln, NEHilda Kendrick WE Wilson Elementary Schoo! Jefferson, IN Debby Nagel ‘Assumption Elementary School Cincinnati, OH Jen Payet, Loke Ave. Elementary School ‘Saratoga Springs, NY Karen Sue Hinton Washington Elementary ‘School Ponca City, OK Karen Wood Clay Elementary Schoo! Clay, AL Paula Rowland Bixby North Elementory ‘School Bixby, OK Stephanie McDaniel B. Everett Jordan Elementary School Graham, NC Juan Melgar Lowrie Elementory School Eigin, IL Sharon O'Brien Echo Mountain School Phoenix, AZ Reviewers Sally Bales Akron Elementary School Akcon, IN Rose Marie Bruno Mawbey Street Elementary Schoo! ‘Woodbridge, NJ Kiesha Doster Berry Elementary Schoot Detroit, MI Marci Galazkiewicz North Elementary Schoot ‘Woukegon, IL. ‘Ana Gaspar Lowrie Elementary Schoo! Elgin, IL Elana Heinoren Beechfield Elementory School Baltimore, MD Kim Terry ‘Woodland Elementary School West Gages Loke, IL, Megan Burton Valley Elementary Schoo! Pelham, AL Kristy Ford Eisenhower Elementary Schoo! Norman, OK Jenny Chang North Elementary School Woukegan, IL Patricia Heintz Horry T. Stewart Elementary Schoo! Corona, NY ‘Shannon Hopper White Lick Elementary Schoo! Brownsburg, IN Allison White Kingsley Elementary School Nopervite, IL ‘Amy Simpson Broodmoore Elementary School Moore, OKBorbara O'Hanlon Maurice & Everett Haines Elementary School Medford, NJ Connie Rapp ‘Ookland Elementary Schoo! Bloorington, IL Pam Rettig Solheim Elementary Schoo! Bismarck, ND Tracy Smith Bionche Kelso Bruce ‘Academy Detroit, Ml Brenda Hancock Clay Elementary Schoo! Clay, AL Koren Scroggins Rock Quarry Elementary ‘School Tuscaloosa, AL Lynn Fox KendollWhittier Elementory School Tulsa, OK Reviewers Jim Archer Maplewood Elementary School Indianapolis, IN Maggie Dunning Horizon Elementary School Honover Park, IL Mike Intoccia MeNichols Plaza Scranton, PA Jennifer LaBelle \Weshingon Elementery Wieukegon, L ‘Anne McDonald St. Luke The Evangelist School Glenside, PA Ellen O'Rourke Bower Elementary Schoo! Werrenville, Tl Gory Smith Thomas H. Ford Elementary School Reading, PA Linda Carlson Von Buren Elementary School Oklahoma City, OK Robin Akers ‘Sonoran Sky Elementory ‘School Scottsdole, AZ Ellen Greenman Danie! Webster Middle ‘School Woukegon, IL ‘Angela McCray ‘Abbott Middle School West Bloomfield, MI Mary Popovich Horizon Elementary Schoo! Hanover Pork, IL Debbie Taylor ‘Sonoran Sky Elementary ‘School Scottsdale, AZ Jacqueline Lampley Hewitt Elementary School Trussville, AL Rose Smith Five Points Elementory ‘School Orrville, AL Winnie Tepper Morgan County Schoots Decatur, ALWelcome! Scientists, athletes, artists, and health care workers all use math every day—and you will too. This year in math you'll learn about numbers, patterns, shapes, and different ways to measure. You'll use the mathematics you know to solve problems and describe objects and patterns you see. You can get started by finding out about yourself as a mathematician and about the other students in your class.Real Life Connection Collecting Data About Me Write your math autobiography by answering these questions. You can write about other experiences as well, as long as they tell about you as a math student. © What do you like best about math class? © What are you good at in math class? How do you use math outside of math class? © How do you think you might use mathematics in the future? About My Class Many of your classmates may like the same things in math that you like. Other classmates may like totally different things. © Think of one topic you'd like to know your classmates’ opinions about. © Write a survey question for your topic. © Conduct your survey among your classmates. © Make a line or bar graph to show your results. © Write a paragraph, using words and numbers to describe your results. Include predictions about your survey results if you surveyed 100 students. Back to School B1ETE s ObTe [ou] Problem Solving and Numbers UES) objective Review basic number and problem calving sl, GOOG Cut Tg You have worked before with whole numbers, decimals, and fractions. You can use the math you already know to find information about a lot of things. Josh, Micki, and Jana walked in a walkathon for charity. To raise money, they asked friends and family to pledge an amount of money for each mile they walked. Josh recorded his times as he completed the walkathon. How far has he walked? How many hours has he walked? Arlington to Beacham hour | Beacham to Canton 2 hour Canton to Delart S hour = You can add to find the answers. Distance 1.2416 + 3.15 = 5.95 miles Time 24945210 nek Yoursei Add or subtract. Write your answers in simplest form. * Did I align the decimal points? 1.25 + 5.95 2, 1454 - 63 = /Areirny arvewere 31-3 Ledge reasonable? "420 12 10 10" 10 ion or mixed number is in simplest form? B2 Back to SchoolPa ay SSult) Add or subtract. Write each answer in simplest form. 5.9.45 — 3.46 6.5.25 + 4.53 + 24 + 0.32 7. 100.3 — 17.67 9 _7 9.45 - 40 2 ln + ole 3,1,7,5 Wet gtete You have learned many problem-solving strategies. Solve each problem. Explain which strategy you used. You Choose 11. Look at the map on the previous page. What is the distance of the entire walkathon? How much ae wikeeeee farther does Josh have to walk? * Solve a Simpler Problem 42. Josh completed the last section in 13 hours, How © Work Backward long did he take to walk the entire route? * Write an Equation 43. Micki and Jana ran for part of the route. Micki ran ear 3 mile and Jana ran & rile Who ran farther? How eee 8 8 * . * Estimation much farther? omc * Calculator 14, Josh and Jana completed the 10-mile walkathon. Micki had time to walk only 4.75 miles. Which sections of the route did she walk? 45. Multistep Josh's mother pledged $2.00 a mile. Jana’s uncle pledged $1.50 a mile. How much did they give for Jana’s and Josh's walk? 46. Create and Solve Write and solve a word problem using the information from the map on page B2. Exchange with a partner. Mixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Multiply oF divide. (Grade 4) 17.143 18. 27 x 200 Multiple Choice 21. Robert ate 4 of the pizza and his brother ate }. How much was left for their mother? (Grade 4) 19. 98 +7 20. 2,064 + 2 + gt Ay BZ CO D Back to School B3Back to School stim Measurement Objective Review basic measurement skills needed Materials to start fifth grade. 12-inch ruler yardstick (er os You can use math to describe the size of your classroom, (With your teacher, you may decide to describe the size of a smaller, rectangular section of the room.) First, review how to measure length to the nearest foot. STE Estimate the length and width of your classroom in feet. 6 Record your estimate. STE~ Decide whether you will use a yardstick or ruler to measure e 7 classroom. Measure and record the length and width of the room. Round each measurement to the nearest foot. + How close are your measurements to your estimates? STE~ Estimate the area of your classroom. Then use your Ono find the area of the classroom. + How do you find the area of a rectangle? + How do you label area? + How close was your estimate to the actual area of your classroom? B4 Back to School— a to Or pel 4, Draw a sketch of your classroom. Use the measurements in your chart to label each side of your sketch. 5. Use your sketch and measurements to find the perimeter of your classroom. Use centimeter grid paper for Problems 6-9. 6. Copy this rectangle on your paper. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle. | 4om 7. Draw another rectangle with the same area but different length and width. Label the length, width, and perimeter. 8. What is the area of a rectangle that has twice the length and twice the width of the rectangle at the right? 9. What is the perimeter of a rectangle with the same length and width as the rectangle in Problem 8? Ce NT Pa 40. You are explaining to a younger student how to choose the best measuring instrument for a project. For which types of projects would you use a ruler? A yardstick? Suppose the rectangles you drew for Problems 6 and 7 were models for the floors of two classrooms. Which rectangle do you think is a better shape for a classroom? Tell why you think so. Use the words length, width, perimeter, and area in your explanation. Back to School BSScience Connection Meet the Eagles Eagles are large birds that usually build their nests near the tops of tall trees. Many eagle habitats have been destroyed, though, as people have cut down forests to build roads and buildings. Scientists and conservationists have been looking for ways to increase the eagle population in the United States. In June 2002, four baby eagles flew on an airplane to New York City as part of a brave experiment. Scientists were hoping the eagle pairs would nest and lay eggs in a very different habitatt 1. Compare the data in the table. In the 1990s, did the number of eagle pairs increase or decrease? 2. Make a line graph of the data, using a grid like this one. Number of Eagle Pairs 3,035 4,015 5,094 6,104 3. When did the number of eagle pairs increase the most? The least? B6 Back to SchoolYe Value/ PV Choyy FTL SubtractionReading Mathematics Reviewing Vocabulary Here are some math vocabulary words that you should know. place value the position of a digit ina number that determines the value of the digit to find about how many or about how much by expressing a number to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, and so on the answer in addition the answer in subtraction Reading Words and Symbols In mathematics, numbers and computation with numbers can be read and written in different ways. All these statements represent the same number: * One thousand, two hundred thirty-four + (1.x 1,000) + (2 x 100) + (3 x 10) + (4 x 1) + 1,234 Different ways to read and write Different ways to read and addition: write subtraction: = * The sum of 4,385 and 1,729 * The difference between 6,025 is 6,114. and 574 is 5,451. * 4,385 plus 1,729 equals 6,114. * 6,025 minus 574 equals 5,451 Write each of the following in a different way. 1. two thousand, eight hundred 2. The sum of 3,333 and 197 is ninety-six 3,530. 3. 26,257 4. 2,463 — 1,087 = 1,376Reading Test Questions Choose the correct answer for each. 5. Which number represents the sum of these sets of blocks? = I b. 625 ©. 265 Represents means “stands for,” or “shows,” or “names.” 6. Find the approximate difference between ; 7. Calculate the sum of 626 and 321. 3,867 and 2,124. | a. 5,991 a. 305 b. 2000 b. 947 ©. 1,743 ©. 957 4. 1,300 4. 1,057 Approximate means to use estimation to. {To calculate you use a mathematical find the answer. operation to find an exact answer. Learning Vocabulary Watch for these words in this unit. Literature Write their definitions in your journal. Connection base Read “The Most Amazing Sights exponent in Nature” on pages 638-639. power of ten Then work with a partner to answer questions about the story. variable expression valor Education Place At eduplace.com/map ‘see eGlossary and eGames—Math Lingo. Starting Unit 1 Reading Mathematics 1¢INVESTIGATION Use Data In which age group will you be in 2020? Use the data and what you know about place value to desoribe how the population seems to be changing from 2000 to 2020. Which group is projected to grow the most? Which group is projected to grow the least? Why do you think this is so? United States Population Age 2000 | 2020 (Projected) O19 80,549,000 88,887,000 20-64 166,515,000 | _ 192,285,000 65 and over | 35,061,000 54,632,000Use this page to review and remember what you need to know for this chapter. VOCABULARY Choose the best word to complete each sentence. decimal 1. In a number, each group of 3 digits separated by a comma is called a__. Siemesonn period . A___ is a number with one or more digits to the right EE of a decimal point. whole number . The ___ of “two hundred seventeen” is 217. CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Write the place value of the 7 in each number. 4, 374,928 5. 32,794 6. 87,312 7. 196,217 Write the number that is 10 more, 1,000 more, and 100,000 more. 8. 88,402 9, 197,651 10. 368,990 44. 71,161 Match each item in Column A with an item in Column B. Column A Column B 42, 50,892 a. (5 X 10,000) + (8 x 100) + (9 x 10) + (2x 1) 13. 58,920 b. 58 hundredths 44, 5.89 «. five and eighty-nine hundredths 15. 0.58 d. 58 thousand, 920 Write the number that is greater. 16. 426,719 47. 2.20 18. 41,997 426,900 0.87 41,987 Oe > 20. Why are the zeros important in 206,905? Facts Practice, See page 658. Chapter 1 Use What You Know 3PP oo wor 111 ister ana vnerstand Place Value Through Hundred Thousands Objective Read and write numbers through hundred thousands in standard and expanded form. Saint Lucia is located in the Caribbean Sea. In 2001, the population of Saint Lucia was 158,178. Vocabulary Look at the chart. The value of a digit in a number is determined by its place. For example, the first 8 from the left in 158,178 has a place'value’ of 8,000. The second 8 has a place value of 8. Ina number, each group of 3 digits from right to left, called a petiod, is separated by a comma. Different Ways to Read and Write Numbers Way @ ‘ou can use Way @ vou can use standard form. expanded form. 158,178 100,000 + 50,000 + 8,000 + 100 + 70 +8 = (1x 100,000) + (5 x 10,000) + (8 X 1,000) + (1 x 100) + (7 x 10) + (8X1) Way © You can use word form. Way @ You can use short one hundred fifty-eight thousand, word form. one hundred seventy-eight 158 thousand, 178 (Tiere tsk Yourseye Write each number in standard form. See Ra number? 4. 45 thousand, 79 * What is the value for 2. three hundred sixty thousand, nine hundred eight each place? 3. 400,000 + 8,000 + 600 + 20 Explain Your Thinking P> In Exercise 1, how did you decide in which places to write the digits 4 and 52 4 Extra Help at eduplace.com/mapPractice and Problem Solving Write each number in standard form. 4. 8 thousand, 752 5. 240 thousand, 357 6. 872 thousand, 12 7. one hundred forty thousand, four 8, eight hundred thirty thousand, three hundred four 9. 300,000 + 5,000 + 30+ 1 10. 900,000 + 10,000 + 4,000 + 60 11. 60,000 + 5 12. 800,000 + 800 + 8 Write the value of the underlined digit. 13,2346 14, 34,501 15, 257,824 16. 649,192 hi Data Use the table for Problems 17-21. 17. What was the population of Nauru in 2004? Write the word name for the {Least Populated Countries in 2004| number, . Name Population 18, Write the population of San Marino in expanded form, Is this greater or less ena) el than 20,000? Use expanded form to Tuvalu 11,468 explain your answer. Nau ra 19. Suppose the population of Palau a 20,016 increases by 100, What would be the new population? Use place value to SeniMering 28,503 explain your answer. 20. Suppose the population of Palau 21. Create and Solve Write your own decreased by 1,000. What would be the problem involving information from the: new population? Use place value to table. Solve your problem, Then have a explain your answer. partner solve the problem. DMR aac) Open Response Multiple Choice Multiply or divide. (Gracie 4) 28. What is the value of the digit 7 in 22.7% 8 23. 48-8 379,548? (ch. 1, Lesson 1) 24, 54=9 25. 12x 12 a70 © 70,000 26.67 27. 63+9 B 7,000 D 700,000 Extra Practice See: page 25, Set A Chapter 1 Lesson1 5More About Vocabulary Place Value romero Objective Read and write numbers through hundred thousands with exponents. exponent v Peer A short way to write the product 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 is 10°. To read 10°, say “ten to the fifth power.” The 10 is the base. The small raised 5 is the exponent. The base is the factor that is repeated in the product. The exponent shows the number of times the base is used as a factor. base Think ‘Ones ‘ones ‘tens | ones Note the pattern 1,000 10 1 1,000 = 10° 10x10%10) 10,1 100 = 10% 10 = 10° 1= 10° 10° 10'| 10° The place-value chart above shows each place as a power often. You can use powers of ten to write numbers in expanded form. Way @ You can use expanded form. (4 x 100,000) + (7 x 10,000) + (3 X 1,000) + (B x 100) + (2 x 10) + (6x 1) Way © You can use expanded form with exponents. (4 x 105) + (7 x 104) + (8 x 109) + (B x 102) + (2 x 101) + (6 x 10°) Other Examples A. 2.as the Base B. 6 as the Base B=2xK2X2x2 B= 6XbX6 Read: ‘two to the fourth power” Read: ix to the third power" Standard form: 16 Standard form: 216ak Yourseyy ‘* What power of ten represents the 1. 47,052 2. 712,943 3, 823,930 creates! place vehi Use exponents to write each number in expanded form. Explain Your Thinking p> In Exercise 2, how did you d represent the value of the digit 7 in expanded form? tere ine) ie Use exponents to write each number in expanded form. 4. 6507 5. 980,062 6. 107,914 7. 728,050 8. 43,207 Write each number in standard form. 9. (7 10%) + (5 X 109) + (8 x 10%) + (2 x 10%) + (8 x 10°) 10. The base is five, and the exponent is two. 14. 25 = 32 12, 35 = 243 14. 5° = 3,125 2*= 16 3¢= 81 Ste 2=8 3° = 27 5° = 125 a4 3? 5° = 25 21 = 3t= 4s 51 = = 3° = a= = x Algebra « Equations What is the value of nin each equation? 15.n=6X2% 16. 300 = 10? = 17. 2,000 = 2x 10" 18, 50,000 = 5 x 10” Solve. 19. What's Wrong? The paper shows Celine's work. What did Celine do wrong? Celine a Write About It Without calculating, 30,005 = (3 x 10%) + (b x 10°) + (6x 10") how can you tell which number is greater, 5 x 10* or 7 x 10°? ‘Open Response ‘Subtract. (Grade 4) 24, Use exponents to write the number 2116-9 2217-8 28. 18-7 406,561 in expanded form. (ch. 1, Lesson 2) Extra Practice See page 25, Set B. Chapter 1 Lesson2 7through hundred billions in standard and expanded forms. ToS In 2001, the population of China reached 1,273,111,290. What are some different ways to write this number? Billions ee HE Ae o14 5 41) 9 0° Way @ ‘You can use standard form. 1,273,111,290 Way © vou can use expanded form. (1 x 1,000,000,000) + (2 x 100,000,000) + (7 x 10,000,000) + (8 x 1,000,000) + (1 x 100,000) + (1 x 10,000) + (1 1,000) + (2 x 100) + (@ x 10) Way © You can use expanded form with exponents. (1x 10%) + (2X 10%) + (7 x 107) + (BX 109 + (1.x 108) + (1X 108) + (1X 109) + @ x 10%) + (9 x 10") Way © ‘ou can use word form. one billion, two hundred seventy-three million, one hundred eleven thousand, two hundred ninety Way © vou can use the short word form. 1 billion, 273 million, 111 thousand, 290Guided Practice Write each number in standard form. 4. 8 million, 345 thousand, 752 sk Yourseye * What place comes before each comma? 2. one hundred nine million, three hundred forty-two 3. (8 X 10") + (3 x 10%) + (4 x 108) + (6 x 105) + (7 x 10°) Explain Your Thinking > In Exercise 2, how did you decide in which place the digit 9 should be written? Pete el Write each number in standard form. 4. 24 million, 79 thousand, 129 5. 392 billion, 34 million, 25 6. three billion, fourteen million, five hundred eighty-nine 7. four hundred two billion, three million, one hundred seventeen 8. (4X 101%) + (6 x 10%) + (9 x 10”) + (6 104) + (1 x 10%) + (2 x 10%) Write the value of the underlined digit in short word form. 9. 45,876,541 10. 2,346,780,102 11. 456,073,969,208 Write each number in expanded form using exponents. 12. 78,000,000,001 Solve. 48. Russia has a land area of 17,075,400 square kilometers. The United States has a land area of 9 million square kilometers. Write each measurement in expanded form using exponents. POC RCT TC ads Open Response Add or subtract. (Grace 4) 17. 99 — 96 19. 57 — 32 24. 12+ 23 + 34 18. 32+ 45 20. 71 + 28 22, 96 — 81 Extra Practice See page 25, Set C. 13. 200,000,700 14. 19,600,100 46. In 2000 the population of the United States was two hundred eighty-one million, four hundred twenty-one thousand, nine hundred six. Write that number in standard form. 23. What is the value of the digit 4 in 12,648,067,905? (ch. 1, Lesson 3) A 40,000 © 4,000,000 B 400,000 D 40,000,000 Chapter 1 Lesson3 9@®P 0 V0" 172 ust and derstand Compare, Order, and Round Whole Numbers New York iy, US Objective Compare, order, and round whole numbers 16.640, through hundred billions. ie Sea a, é The map shows the populations of some of the world’s largest metropolitan areas in the year 2000. Which metropolitan area had a greater population, Bombay, India or Mexico City, Mexico? Compare 18,066,000 and 18,131,000. et&e Line up the numbers by place value. | ¢t€» Start from the left. Compare the oe digits until they are different. 18,066,000 18,131,000 18,066,000 18,131,000 18,131,000 > 18,066,000 Solution: Mexico City, Mexico had the greater population. Remember = is read ‘is equal to” < is read “is less than” > Is read “is greater than” You can use the same method to order three or more numbers. List the cities—New York City, Tokyo, and Sao Paulo—in order from greatest population to least population. stEe Line up the | ¢t&~ Startat the left. | ¢t&e Continue comparing. @ vwmbersdy | @ Compare cigs. | © 16,640,000 7~6 Place value. 16,640,000 17,755,000 16,640,000 26,444,000 2 > 1 17,755,000 > 16,640,000 26,444,000 17,755,000 17°755.000 26-444 000 So, 26,444,000 > 17,755,000 > 16,640,000. is the greatest number. Solution: The cities, in order from greatest population to least population, are Tokyo, So Paulo, and New York City. 10Round the population of Tokyo to the nearest million. Ee Identify the place | ¢t& Look at the digit | ¢t&e If the digit to the right is 5 or @ you want to © 10 its right. © sreater, increase the rounding round to. place digit by 1. If the digit is less than 5, do not change the 26,444,000 26,444,000 rounding place digit. Then t + replace all digits to the right with rounding place digit to the right 26r08. 26,444,000 s<5 * __/ Do not change 26,000,000 —<" the 6. Write zeros. \ to the right Solution: 26,444,000 rounded to the nearest million is 26,000,000. nek Yourse/p ‘* Are the numbers lined up by Compare. Write >, <, or = for each @. Place value? * Where are the digits eifferent? 1. 25,431 @ 25,661 '* What is the digit to the right of the place 1 am rounding to? 2, 4,569,102 © 4,570,000 3. 73,000 @ 9,995 4. 37,329,410 @ 38,000,116 Order each set of numbers from greatest to least. 5. 43,055; 422,007; 42,007 6. 812,661; 82,811,121; 82,935,661 Round to the place indicated by the underlined digit. 7. 545 8. 783,256 9, 24,592,124 10. 674,129,811 Explain Your Thinking > Why is the digit in the hundreds place used to round a number to the nearest thousand? o> Chapter 1 Lesson 4 11dct Compare. Write >, <, or = for each @. 11. 1,652 @ 1,709 12. 38,459 @ 38,459 13. 9,302,124 @ 9,298,116 14. 164,275,808 © 167,001,005 15. 90,456,292 @ 89,509,765 Order each set of numbers from greatest to least. 16. 8,714; 8,764; 8,734 17. 541,536; 511,394; 601,345 18. 3,906,211; 4,031,232; 4,029,306 19, 265,616,845; 99,678,784; 257,724,925 Round to the place indicated by the underlined digit. 20. 5,261 21. 574,238 22, 3,489,112 23. 659,324,721 Round each number. 24, 28,652 to the nearest thousand 25. 624,314 to the nearest hundred thousand 26. 421,062,312 to the nearest million 27. 385,781,521 to the nearest ten million Write a number for the missing digit that will make the inequality true. 28. 17,785 > 17,786 29. 321,494 < 324,210 30. 765,789 < 75,789 1 Data Use the table to solve Problems 31-34. 31. Which city is projected to have the greatest population in 2015? Which city will have the least population? 32, Arrange the cities in order from least population to greatest population based on the projected populations in 2015. Bombay 26,138,000 Mexico City 19,180,000 New York City 17,432,000 33. Which two cities will have populations ‘Sao Paulo 20,397,000 that round to the same number when Tokyo 26,444,000 rounded to the nearest million? 34. In 2015, which city will have the closest population to 20,000,000? Explain your thinking, 12 Extra Practice See page 25, Set D.Digit Challenge 2 players How to Play 0G Cut out the cards and game board for each player. Shuffle all cards together and place them in a stack. 6 Each player draws a card and places it on his or her game board. Once placed, the card cannot be moved. 6 Repeat Step 2 until each player has placed 6 cards.The player with the greater number scores a point. Repeat Steps 2-3. The first player to score a total of 10 points is the winner. G Return all cards to the deck and reshulfle. Write each number in standard form. (Lessons 1 and 3) 1. 96 thousand 18 2. 700,000 + 60,000 + 400 + 8 3. two hundred four billion, eight hundred seventy-nine thousand, sixty Check your understanding of Lessons 1-4. AL? Che &, On Write each number in expanded form with exponents. (Lesson 2) 4. 5,956 5. 734,508 6. 95,096 Order each set of numbers from greatest to least. (Lesson 4) 7. 27,509; 27,590; 29,705 8. 324,678; 315,798; 324,778 Chapter 1 Lesson4 13Place Value Through | Vocabulary Thousandths Objective Read and write decimals through thousandths. PF decimal is a number with one or more digits to the right of the decimal point. Decimals can be used to compare land areas of the world. The land area of Asia is 0.214 of the land area on Earth. Express 0.214 in words. Use the place-value chart to understand deci The value of the digits to the right of the decimal point is less than 1. Standard form: 0.214 Word form: two hundred fourteen thousandths ‘Short word form: 214 thousandths The last digit after the decimal point tells how to name the decimal parts. Another Example Decimals Greater Than 1 Write 4.035 in word form. Notice that the decimal point is indicated by the four and thirty-five thousandths word “and” TICs psk Yourseyy it ii '* How can | use the word Write each in standard form. Tee uasee oa 41. five tenths 2. four and sixteen thousandths ete ‘© What word de | write for the decimal point? Write each decimal in word form. 3.27 4. 0.15 5. 0.094 Explain Your Thinking > How does the value of the last digit help you read a decimal? 14eae ey Write each in standard form. 6. nine hundredths 7. one hundred thirty-eight thousandths 8. twenty-five thousandths 9. five and forty-six hundredths 10, eleven and seven tenths 14. seventy-nine thousandths 12. eighteen and nine thousandths 13. ten and twenty-four hundredths Write each decimal in words. 14. 0.019 15. 0.3 16. 0.34 47. 25.4 418. 0.789 49. 4.306 20. 0.082 24, 3.17 Write the value of the underlined digit in words. 22. 5.77. 23. 6.245 24. 7.88 28. 8.374 26. 8.109 27. 4.73 28. 3.99 29. 0.204 To] Data Use the graph for Problems 30-33. 30. What part of the Earth's land area does North America cover? Write the decimal in words. 34. Which continent covers one hundred twenty-one thousandths of Earth's land area? 32. Which continent or region covers the smallest part of Earth's land area? 33. Which continents each cover more than two tenths of Earth’s land area? Use a place-value chart to explain your answer. POT TEL cra) Open Response Multiply or divide, (orace 4) 38. Write the decimal 30.068 in word 34.7% 11 35. 36+4 form and in short word form. (Ch. 1, Lesson 5) 36. 16+8 37. 12x 4 Extra Practice See page 25, Set Chapter 1 Lesson5 15@® se 100" 19 stn a9 vodersand Problem-Solving Strategy Find a Pattern Objective Look for a pattern to solve a problem. Problem Postage stamps are collected around the world. Some rare stamps are worth over $100,000. In 1980, the 1¢ British Guiana stamp was sold for $935,000. Lani collects stamps. In 1998, a particular stamp was worth $1,520. The value in 2000 was $1,620. The value in 2002 was $1,720. The value in 2004 was $1,820. If the trend continues, what is the value of the stamp likely to be in 2008? O57) This is what you know: * In 1998, a particular stamp was worth $1,520. * The value in 2000 was $1,620. * The value in 2002 was $1,720. * The value in 2004 was $1,820. PLAN You can look for a pattern to solve the problem. Make a table to organize the data. Then study the table to find a pattern. Year 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 value of Stamp | $1,520 | $1,620 | $1,720 | $1,820] 2 The value of the stamp increases by $100 every two years. Use the pattern to complete the table. $1,820 + 100 = $1,920 $1,920 + 100 = $2,020 Solution: The value of the stamp in 2008 is likely to be $2,020. CS Soc Look back at the problem. How can I check the answer?CeCe sera Use the Ask Yourself questions to help you solve each problem. 4. The value of a rare stamp from Thailand was $130 in 1990, $150 in 1995, $170 in 2000, and $190 in 2005. Predict the value of the stamp in 2010. 2. Michelle writes the following series of numbers. 0.014, 0.034, _? , 0.074, 0.094 What is the missing number in the pattern? Think about the numbers just before and just after the missing number. independent Practice Find a pattern to solve each problem. 8. People are bidding for a rare stamp from China. The first bid is $120,000. The next three bids are $150,000; $180,000; and $210,000. The seventh bid is the final bid. If the pattern continues, what is the final bid? 4. Carla writes the following series of numbers. 0.496, 0.796, _?_, 1.396, 1.696 What is the missing number in the pattern? 5. One city had a population of 18,649 in. 6. 1970, 18,446 in 1980, 18,233 in 1990, and 18,021 in 2000. Round each total to the nearest hundred. Then estimate the population of this city in 2010. Ask Yourself What facts do | know? Can | find a pattern? Did | describe the pattern? Did | continue the pattern? Did | solve the problem? Create and Solve Work with a partner. Make up a pattern of 5 decimal numbers. Rewrite, leaving out one of the numbers in your pattem. Exchange patterns, Explain the patterns and find the missing number. Chapter 1 Lesson6 17Solve. Show your work. Tell what strategy you used. 7. Peter has 7 United States coins worth Mixed Problem Solving You Choose 53¢. What are the 7 coins? cuatay + Find a Pattern 8. Eileen visits her family in Ireland every © Gules and Check year. During one visit, she planted a. * Use Logical Reasoning 3-meter tree. The tree was 3.4 meters « Work Backward tall after one year, 3.8 meters tall after Write an Equation two years, and 4.2 meters tall after Computation Matisod three years. How tall will the tree likely ea be after five years? Om eaetan 9. Kareem received $15 in change from a + Paper and Pencil stamp dealer. The stamps he bought * Calculator were $6, $8, and $21. How much money did Kareem give the stamp dealer? iy Data use the graph to solve Problems 10-13. The graph shows Blue Globe Air's round-trip airfares for trips between New York City and selected foreign cities. 10. Mr. Tanner goes to Egypt. Including his airfare from New York City to Cairo, Egypt, Mr. Tanner spends a total of $2,500 on his trip. How much does Mr. Tanner spend on expenses other than airfare? W. Jose buys a round-trip ticket between New York City and Athens, Greece. Helen buys a round-trip ticket to a different city that costs the same amount. To which city is Helen flying? Souvir buys a round-trip ticket between New York City and Bombay, India. Souvir pays $600 towards his ticket. His parents pay the rest. How much do his parents pay? 13, What's Wrong? Lisa estimates that round-trip tickets to each city shown on ‘the graph would cost a total of about $5,000. Explain why Lisa’s estimate is not reasonable. 1 18Problem Solving on Tests Choose the letter of the correct answer. If a correct answer is not here, choose NH. 4. Nina bought 8 stamps and gave away 3 stamps. Then she bought 4 more stamps and sold 2 stamps. After buying 3 more stamps, Nina had 47 stamps. How many stamps did Nina start with? AQT c 37 B32 D NH (Grade 4) 2. Measurement At a museum, a short film starts every 45 minutes. On Saturday the first film starts at 10:00 Am. What time does the fifth movie start? F 10:45 am. H 1:00 pm. G 12:00 p.m. J 1:45 pm. (Grade 4) Solve each problem. 3. How many cB will balance JS AS 2 a a> & Explain How can you use logical reasoning to solve the problem? (Gate 4 4, The Drama Club voted to decide which play to produce. One fourth of the club voted for The Music Man. The club has 24 members. How many members voted for The Music Man? Represent Support your solution with a ict 5. You are the new head of a movie studio! Your first picture will cost $25,000,000. The director's salary must be less than the combined salaries of all of the actors. Costumes and scenery will cost more than the director's salary but less than the combined salaries of all the actors. You must keep $2,500,000 aside in case of emergencies. You must spend the entire $25,000,000. a Decide how much money the actors will make. b How much money will the director make? ¢ How much will the costumes and scenery cost? 4 After you complete your budget, you learn that the actors want the total of their salaries to be twice the director's salary. Revise your budget to keep the actors happy. (Gade 4) Education Place ‘See eduplace.convmap {for Test-Taking Tips. Chapter 1 Lesson6 19@® wotio wor 114 isten and understand Compare, Order, and Round Decimals Objective Compare, order, and round decimals. 3 Which of the numbers at the right is greater? Compare 0.5 and 0.25. Way @ ‘ou can use a number line. 0.5 is to the right of 0.25, so 0.5 > 0.25. 0.0 2 05 0.75 1.0 Way @ You can compare digits. STEP 1 Align the decimal points. STEP 2 Start from the left. Compare the its until they are different. 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25 Since 5 > 2, 0.5 > 0.25, Solution: 0.5 is greater than 0.25. Order 4, 4.32, and 4.317 from greatest to least. ‘You can use what you know to order three or more decimals. ‘S756 Align the decimal etE~ Start from the left. ‘ste Continue points, Write zeros © Compare the digits. © comparing. if necessary. 4.000 4.000, 4.320 » 4.320 4.320 4.317 4.317 4317 4.320 > 4.317 4.000 is the least number. | So, 4.320 > 4.317 > 4.000. Solution: Ordered from greatest to least, the numbers are 4.32, 4.317, 4. 20Round 0.607 to the nearest hundredth. Way @ ‘ou can use a number line. 0.607 is closer to 0.61 than to 0.60. 960 Way @ vou can use rules for rounding decimals. STEP 1 Identify the place | STEP 2 Look at the digitto | STEP 3 If that digit is 5 or you want to round to. its right. greater, increase the rounding-place digit by 1. 0.607 0.607 If that digit is less than 5, do not change the rounding- place digit. Then drop all digits to the right. rounding place digit to the right 0.607 t 0.61 7 > 5, so change 0 to 1. Solution: 0.607 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 0.61. Other Examples A. Round to the Nearest Tenth B. Round to the Nearest Whole Number 0418 2.798 “1.5 0418 rounds to 0.4. risorwaterthan 5. 2.798 rounds to 3. Guided Practice tsk Yourse/¢ Compare. Write >, < or = for each ©. * Did | align the decimal points? 1.0.45 @ 088 2.060.006 34.153 @ 4.2 * Where are the daits diferent? ‘* What is the digit to the right Order the numbers from greatest to least. of the rounding place? 4. 0.0825; 0.56;0.8 5. 1.3; 1.52; 2.08 Round to the place of the underlined digit. 6. 0.085 7. 0.572 8. 0.145 9. 3.957 Explain Your Thinking J> How does aligning the decimal points help you compare decimals? > Chapter 1 Lesson7 21Practice and Problem Solving Compare. Write >, < or = for each 10.0.09@ 011 14. 0945 @ 0.941 42, 14. 17 @ 16882 15. 2454 @ 2.462 16, Order the numbers from greatest to least. 18, 4; 0.425; 4.25 19. 0.6; 0.68; 68 21. 0.34; 0.4; 3 22. 3.55; 3.472; 4.14 Round to the place of the underlined digit. 24. 0.457 28. 6.459 28. 3.219 29. 4.09 x Algebra « Properties Compare. Write >, <, or = a= 0.895, b = 0.75, c= 0.075, and d 32. b c 33. a d 34, Find a digit that will make the inequality true. 36. 0.85 > 0.37 37. 0.46 < 0.468 38. Solve. 39. Australia has 2.5 persons per square kilometer, Mongolia has 1.7 persons per square kilometer, and Namibia has 2.2 persons per square kilometer. Order the ‘countries from least to most crowded. 41. Robin weighs a bunch of green grapes and a bunch of red grapes on a digital scale. The green grapes weigh 120.308 grams and the red grapes weigh 120.381 grams, Which bunch of grapes weighs less? Explain. 40. 42. 03@ 0300 13, 0.023 @ 0.23 3631@37 17,99 @ 101 20, 2,544; 2,545; 25.43 23. 0.72; 7.2; 7 26. 7.538 27. 28.726 30. 6.463 31. 27.353 reach ®, given c@d 35.b@a 2.306 < 2.398 Represent Suppose a 10 x 10 grid represents the number 1. Use 10 x 10 grids to represent the numbers 1.24 and 1.05. Explain how you can use the arids to compare the two numbers. Many libraries use the Dewey Decimal System to classify and order books. Books are shelved from lowest numbers to highest numbers. Three books are numbered 1.971, 1.978, and 1.97. Which book should be first on the shelf? Extra Practice See page 25, SetMixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Round each number to the place indicated by the underlined digit. (ch. 1, Lessons 3 and 5) 43. 2,040,567 44, 0.675 45. 123.08 46. 15.789 47, 4,782.5 48. 48.800 Social Studies Connection Roman Numerals Our number system is just one way to write numbers. The Romans created a number system using symbols called Roman numerals. To read Roman numerals, follow these rules: * Add the numerals from left to right. +1=6 O+1=11 XX = 10+10=20 If a numeral has a value that is less than the numeral on its right, subtract those numerals. Then continue to add. XIV = 10+ (5-1) =14 CXLV = 100 + (50 — 10) +5 = 145 What is each number below? 4.1 2. XII 3. LXXIX 6. Explain the similarities and differences between our decimal system and Roman numerals. WEEKLY@DREADER eduplace.commap Multiple Choice 49. Which set of numbers is ordered from least to greatest? (Ch, 1, Lesson 7) A 0.378; 0.42; 0.424 B 306.905; 36.999; 306.91 © 3,098; 3,089; 3,088 D 31,333; 31,033; 3,133 DC = 500 + 100 = 600 4. DXLIII 5. DXCVII Chapter 1 Lesson7 23ESSSSSSSS=S======>= af Chapter Review/Test VOCABULARY 1. In the number 10%, the 5 tells how many times 10 is used as the factor. It is called the . 2. In the number 10°, the 10 is called the _. 3. A number written in shows the value of each digit. CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Write each number in standard form. (Lessons 1-3, pp. 4-9, Lesson 5, pp. 14-15) 4, two million, four hundred three thousand, seventy-six 5. (4 X 10,000,000) + (7 x 1,000,000) + (9 x 10,000) + (1 X 1,000) + (5 x 100) 6. two hundred two and twenty-two hundredths Use exponents to write each number in expanded form. (Lessons 2-3, pp. 6-9) 7. 70,900,200,408 8. 1,003,080,300 9. 38 10. 3,002 Round each number to the place of the underlined dig (Lesson 1, pp. 445, Lesson 4, pp. 10-13, Lesson 7, pp. 20-23) 44. 12.043 12. 126,953 13. 126.925 14. 37.628 15. 376.255 Order the numbers from greatest to least. (Lesson 4, pp. 10-13, Lesson 7, pp. 20-23) 16. 37,483; 37,493; 39,473 17. 0.02; 0.021; 0.201 18. 459,321,002; 49,321,001; 458,399,999 19. 5,034,966; 5,350,955; 5,034,965 PROBLEM SOLVING Find a pattern to solve the problem. (Lesson 6, pp. 16-18) 20. The membership of the local stamp collectors’ club increased steadily in past years. In 2003, there were 21 members; eT a in 2004, 29 members; in 2005, 37 Show You Understand members. How many members is it likely Explain the difference in value of to have in 2008? each digit in the number 1,111,111. 24 Chapter 1 Chapter Review/Testeer Extra Practice Set A (Lesson 1, pp. 4-5) Write each number in word form, short word form, and expanded form. 1. 16,362 2. 279,018 3. 36,109 4. 148,300 5. 567,255 6. 100,002 Set B (Lesson 2, pp. 6-7) Use exponents to write each number in expanded form. 1. 7,094 2. 43,729 3. 309,309 4. 873,209 Set C (Lesson 3, pp. 8-9) Write each number in standard form. 1. six hundred fifty-three million, seventy-five thousand, one hundred forty-nine 2. (3 X 10°) + (2 x 105) + (9 x 104) + (6 x 10%) + (5 x 102) + (5 x 10') + (6 x 10°) Write each number in short word form. 3. 34,503,598 4. 81,094,389,002 5. 430,398,278,021 Set D (Lesson 4, pp. 10-13) Order the numbers from greatest to least. 1. 84,392; 804,381; 84,492 2. 2,394,309; 239,410; 2,395,301 Round each number. 3. 108,273 to the nearest ten thousand 4. 489,560,711 to the nearest million Set E (Lesson 5, pp. 14-15) Write each decimal in words. 1. 0.069 2.114 3. 0.056 4.0.049 5. 2.901 6. 0.03 Set F (Lesson 7, pp. 20-23) Order the numbers from least to greatest. 1. 0.149, 0.073, 0.72 2. 10.002, 0.103, 1.03 8. 0.009, 0.15, 0.8 Round to the place of the underlined 4.0.47 8.7.12 6. 8539 7. 32.809 Extra Practice at eduplace.com/map Chapter 1 Extra Practice 25Add and Subtract Whole Numbers < |s the Commutative Property true for subtraction? Why or why not? Use Exercise 2 (or 4) to explain your answer. => Chapter 2 Lesson1 29Eni) Write an algebraic expression for each word phrase. 7. subtract 10 from a number 10. take 15 from a number 11. 8. 9 plus a number add 5 to a number 9. 3 more than a number 42, 6 is decreased by a number Translate each algebraic expression into words. 13,.0+8 14.8 +n 15. x12 16. 12 ~x 17.a+0 18. kK-5 19. 5+y 20.h +9 21. 16-¢ 22.x-y Evaluate each expression when a = 15.Then write >, < or = to compare the expressions. 23.a+9@9+a 24. a+0@a-2 25. a-14@20-a 26. (a+ 4) +6 Mat (4+ 6) Solve. 27. At 310 feet, the Millennium Force roller coaster once was the tallest coaster in the world. Write an expression to show the height of the current record holder. Explain what the variable represents. 29. Draw a diagram and write an expression to show how many are in the group. A group of friends went on the roller coaster. + first car: 3 friends * second car: 4 friends * third car: ? friends How many are in the group if 2 friends are in the third car? Mixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Write >, < or = to compare. (Grace 4) 31. $3.06 32. $0.55 3 dollars + 1 dime 1 quarter + 1 nickel 33. 2 dollars @ 8 quarters 30 28. To ride on the Millennium Force, passengers must be at least 48 inches tall. Al is taller than that. Write an expression to show how tall Al is. Explain what the variable represents. 30. What’s Wrong? Alma wrote the associative property this way. Bet eee Et ee 9-(8-3)=(9-5)-3 Explain how you know what Alma did wrong. Multiple Choice 34, Ben has $6 less than Emily. If 0 stands for Emily's money, which expression shows Ben's money? (Ch. 2, Lesson 1) Ant $6 cn-$6 BS6+n DS6—n Extra Practice See page 45, Set A.Number Sense Miniature Numbers Engineers design larger structures like roller coasters, but they also design extremely small things, too. A nanoguitar is about the size of 1 blood cell. It measures 10 micrometers long. One micrometer is 1 millionth of a meter. The width of each string on the guitar is about 50 nanometers, which is 50 billionths of a meter; about the size of 100 atoms! The numbers are shown in the place-value chart below. Number Sense.. Digit Prices The price, in cents, of a souvenir pencil at an amusement park is a two-digit number. ‘The ones digit is 3 less than the tens digit. The sum of the digits is 15. How much does a souvenir pencil cost? se You can round, compare, and order these very small numbers the same way you round, compare, and order other decimals. Round each number to the nearest millionth. Then order from greatest to least. 1. 0.0006723; 0.0010257; 0.0004925 2. 00089437; 0.0089586; 0.0089564 ‘3. 0.000078; 0.000072; 0.000086 4. 0,0004624; 0.000480; 0.00046343 Brain Teaser.. Use only the digits 0, 1, and 9 to write a decimal in billionths. Use each digit at least once. Your decimal should be the least possible decimal that rounds up to the nearest millionth. Education Place Check out eduplace.com/map for more bran teasers, Chapter 2 Lesson1 31PP? wt. 190" 16 usten an veterans Estimate Sums . Vocabulary | and Differences ‘sma Objective Estimate sums and differences. round es One flume ride is 3,610 feet long. Another flume ride is 1,315 feet long. About how many feet different are these lengths? An estimate is a number close to an exact amount. An estimate tells about how much or about how many. You can found to estimate sums or differences. Way @ Rounding to the greatest | Way @ Rounding to a lesser place place gives an estimate. is more precise. This gives a better estimate. 3.610 4,000 3,610 3,600 = 1315 — = 1,000 ~i's18 — ~ 1'300 3,000 2,300 Solution: The difference is about 3,000 ft | Solution: The difference is about 2,300 ft. Way © Pounding both numbers up and down gives an estimated range of answers. Round down Round up. 3,000 3,610 4,000 £1,000 _ + 1,315 _, +2,000 4,000 6,000 Solution: The sum of 3,610 and 1,315 is between 4,000 and 6,000. Other Examples A. Front-End Estimation B. Clustering Use the front digits. 3,458 54 +49 + 41 + 62 +39 + 46=? +1 3,000 ee The numbers cluster around 50. + 1,000 There are 6 numbers. 4.000 Use multiplication to estimate the sum. . 6 x 50 = 300 3,458 + 1,555 ~ 4,000 54 +49 + 41 + 62 + 39 + 46 ~ 300 32tsk Yourse/p * Did 1 use the rounding rules correctly? Se Estimate. Tell which method you used. 1. 746 2. 30,909 3. 7,749 * Did # add or subtract +746 = 18,850 11654 the rounded numbers, correctly? Explain Your Thinking D> If you are estimating a sum and you round both numbers up, will your sum be greater than or less than the actual sum? Explain. Pee Rae il] Estimate. Tell which method you used. 4. 595 5. 828 6 7,502 7 ©3199 + 820 = 371 +2875 + 2,539 3,392 9. 9,839 10. 3,567 11, 9,003 = 2,800 + 8,000 = 2,249 — 1,654 12, 29,678 — 12,854 13, $29 + $54 14, 3,498 + 2,909 + 2,701 Solve. 45. In one hour, 1,076 riders rode a coaster. In the next hour, 1,423 riders rode the coaster. About how many riders rode the coaster in those two hours? 17. Analyze Each hour 1,834 people can ride one roller coaster. On another coaster, 1,645 people ride per hour. Estimate the difference in the number of riders per hour. Mixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Write the value of the underlined digi (Ch. 1, Lesson 1) 19. 281,475 21. 907,311 20. 355,072 22. 112,111 Extra Practice See page 16. Some coasters can go more than 100 miles per hour. The new X coaster goes 76 miles per hour. About how much less than 100 miles per hour is that? 18. Create and Solve Write two problems about roller coasters: one that requires an exact answer and one that requires an estimate. Solve your problems and give to a partner to solve, 23. Sandy spent $164 on tickets, $45 on food, and $38 on souvenirs. What is a reasonable estimate of the amount she spent? (ch. 2, Lesson 2) Explain. Chapter 2 Lesson2 33Add and Subtract Whole Numbers Objective Add and subtract whole numbers with up to five digits. er ao hd On Monday 6,395 people rode on a roller coaster. On Tuesday 2,768 people rode. How many people rode the roller coaster on those two days? Find 6,395 + 2,768. STE— Add the ones. tE~ Add the tens. @ Regroup 10 ones as 1 ten @ Reoroup 10 tens as 1 hundred whenever possible. whenever possible, 18 ones = 1 ten 3 ones 16 tens = 1 hundred 6 tens 6,395 6,395 42,768 +2,768 3 63 TB» Add the hundreds. ¢T&~% Add the thousands, © _ Regroup 10 hundreds as 1 thousand oO whenever possible. 11 hundreds = 1 thousand 1 hundred v4 6,595 6,395 +2,768 +2,768 163 9,163 Solution: The total is 9,163 people. You should check your work. Use estimation to check. Use subtraction to check. 6,395 6,000 Addition and subtraction are opposite or inverse + 2.768 (reanasi> -+ 3.000 ‘operations. Opposite or inverse operations are {9,000 operations that undo and check each other. Sum The sum is close to 9,000. ‘ = Addend ‘Other Addend ~~ 6,395, Solution: The total is 9,163 people. 34How many more riders were there on Monday than on Tuesday? Monday: 6,395 riders You can draw a model to show ~ the information. Tuesday: 2,768 riders Difference: ? riders Now you can use the model to solve the problem. Find 6,395 — 2,768. sT& Subtract the ones. TE» Subtract the tens. @ | since 8 > 5, you must regroup 6 1 ten as 10 ones. a 6.34% 768 7 TE» Subtract the hundreds. ete Subtract the thousands. © | since 7 > 3, regroup 1 thousand (4) as 10 hundreds. B98 5 BBB =2,768 = 2.768 “S37 Solution: The difference is 3,627 riders. You can also use a calculator to check. 29 5@2 0 4 8) fare] The difference is 3,627. Another Example Zeros in Subtraction 30,058 — 17,874 =n 29915 2G,B88 ~—Youcannot subtract 7 tens trom 5 tens. Think 7.874 There are no hundreds or thousands to regroup, 12,184 rename 3 ten thousands. 300 hundreds equals 299 hundreds plus 10 tens. > Chapter 2 Lesson3 35sek Yourseyy * Do I need to regroup? Add or subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. ‘© Where should | write 1. 457 2. 6,701 3. 54,187 the reared! + 285 + 3,495 + 12,579 pumbers? 4. 829 5. 3,402 6. 42,317 — 287 1,689 19,675 7. 7814+ 543 8, 34516 + 478 + 2347 9, 867 ~ 928 Explain Your Thinking J» When subtracting, how do you regroup tens when there is a zero in the hundreds place? Leta ieee) ‘Add or subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. 10. 746 11, 952 12, 843 13, 587 +459 +374 +199 +96 14. 746 15. 752 16. 500 17. 3,958 = 199 -97 = 354 498 18. 3,985 19. 56,583 20. 67,109 21. 4,782 + 439 = 9.407 = 15,407 + 561 22. 567 + 4,986 + 6,998 23. 5,050 ~ 3,328 24. 7,685 ~ 3,858 x Algebra Expressions Find each sum or difference when n= 1,000,000 and s = 499. 25.0+9 26. 1 + 9,000 27. n + 9,000,000 28. 1,000 = il Data Use the table to solve Problems 29-32. 29. How much longer is Shock Wave™ than Flashback? 30. A mile is 5,280 feet. If you ride Titan twice, Flashback 1,876 125 how much more or less than 2 miles have al you ridden? Mr. Freeze" 1,480 238 Shock Wave™} 3,500 116 Titan 5,312 255 31. How much higher is Mr. Freeze™ than Flashback? 32. What is the range of heights of these roller coasters? 36 Ext ice See page 45, Set C.Social Studies Connection Time Zones Each time you cross into a new time zone while traveling from east to west, you need to set your watch 1 hour earlier. Portland, Oregon is located three time zones west of Portland, Maine. Itis 1:30 p.m. in Portland, Maine. What time is it in Portland, Oregon? Count back 3 hours from 1:30 p.m. 1:30 p.m. 12:30PM. 11:30AM. 10:30am, When it is 1:30 p.w. in Portland, Maine, it is 10:30 aw. in Portland, Oregon. Identify each missing time. 1. 3:10 p.m. in Atlanta, Georgia is Sin Houston, Texas. 2. 1:15 p.m. in Dallas, Texas is in Las Vegas, Nevada. 3. 9:00 Am. in Denver, Colorado is Sin New York City, New York. 4. 8:30 Am. in Seattle, Washington is _®_ in Jacksonville, Florida. WEEKLYQDREADER eduplace.comimap Check your understanding of Lessons 1-3. Evaluate each expression for m = 8. (Losson 1) 4+ 14 212-n 30-n Estimate each sum or difference. (Lesson 2) 4. 432 + 675 5. 9,240 — 582 6. 647 + 290 + 36 Add or subtract. Check your answer. (Lesson 3) 7. 548 + 397 8. 1,462 — 841 9. 3,290 + 1,876 10. 7,005 — 1,527Add and Subtract Greater Numbers Objective Use mental math, pencil and paper, estimation, or technology to add and subtract greater numbers. CPT When you add or subtract greater numbers, you need to choose the most appropriate method for solving the problem. You can use mental math, pencil and paper, estimation, a calculator, or a computer. One amusement park had 2,349,783 visitors in one year, Another park had 2,185,326 visitors, How many visitors did both parks together have that year? Add. 2,349,783 + 2,185,326 = n Estimate before you add. Round to the greatest place. The sum should be about 4,000,000. Then complete the addition. st Add the digits in the stE Add the digits in the TE Add the digits in the 2,349,783 —> 2,000,000 + 2,185,326 — + 2,000,000 4,000,000 @ ones period. @ thousands period. © trillions place. 1 bing 2,349,783 2,349,783 2,349,783 +2,185,326 +2,185,326 + 2,185,326 109 535,109 4,535,109 Solution: The total number of visitors is 4,535,109. Another Example You can use a calculator to find the difference in attendance at the two parks. Subtract. 2,349,783 — 2,185,326 YVIVY§IVNV§V§HVuyyy27s/B 38ask Yours * Did | regroup in the ‘Add or subtract. Tell which method you used. ee 4, 247,625 2, 746,000 3. 2,386,940 * Did choose a + 53.218 = 156,923 = 1,000,000 method that makes Explain Your Thinking J> When is a computer a good choice for adding greater numbers? When is it not a good choice? Explain Practice and Problem Solving Add or subtract. Tell which method you used. 4. 612,956 8. 2,345,976 6. 617,700 7. 5,321,908 + 423,890 =_ 254,500 + 82,430 + 4,600,000 8. 234,809 — 150,000 9. 7,210,658 — 6,800,321 10. 547,987 — 476,000 11. 475,000 + 125,000 12. 400,000 — 73,300 13. 1,754,867 — 1,235,800 fe cs) Mental Math + E In * Paper and Pencil » Calculator Use the table for Problems 14—16. 14, How many fewer than 40,000,000 riders have been on the most popular ride listed in the table? Flight of Fear 2,768,065 15. All together, have these four roller 16, How many more than 2,750,000 riders have been on Flight of Fear? Show how: you got the answer. Mixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Multiple Choice Multiply. (Grace 4) 23. In one week 213,360 people rode on a roller coaster. How much 17.2% 4 wees less than 250,000 riders is that? 19.44 (Ch. 2, Lesson 4) 21.55 A 36,640 B 43,360 © 47,740 D 463,360 Extra Practice See page 45, Set D. Chapter 2 Lesson4 39Addition and Subtraction Equations —— | Vocabulary Objective Use mental math to solve addition and subtraction equations. a’ Ata rafting ride at the water park, the blue rafts have three more seats than the yellow rafts. The blue rafts have 7 seats. How many seats do the yellow rafts have? You can make a model of the information. Blue raft seats: 7 Yellow raft seats: 7 Difference: 3 Use the model to write an equation. > An equation is a mathematical statement indicating that the quanti equal sign 'S or expressions on either side of the have the same value. Write the equation in words. —> yellow raft seats + cifflerence = blue raft seats Replace the words with values > on) + or variables from the model. Solve the equation using mental math, —» + 9 = 7 Replace the variable n with 4. 4+3=7 30 = 7 /Wat number plus 3 equals 7? Try 4. Solution: The yellow rafts have 4 seats. Another Example Write the equation shown by the | You can write an addition model. Use mental math to solve | equation. the equation. 46 +18 76 n= 28 What number plus 18 equals 46? Try 28, 40 You can write a subtraction equation. 46-n=18 n=28 46 minus what number equals 18? Try 28.ig fon tsk Yourseje Write the equation shown by the model. * Does my equation match the Use mental math to solve the equation. information in the model? * Did I check my solution i) 1 Cars on the first coaster: 15 by substituting it into the equation? ‘Carson the second coaster: A Difference: 4 2 72 8 x Explain Your Thinking > What model could you draw to show 49 + c= 74? ieee ee Write the equation shown by the model. Then solve the equation. 3. Total minutes: 25 a 18 Tae vaing 08 [Tine on eo a 3 Use mental math to solve the equations. Use models if necessary. s.nt4=9 6. 17-k= 12 7. 50- n= 20 8. 93 +5 = 100 9 15+x=25 10. v+34= 36 11. p-6=70 12, 17—n=10 13,m-5=71 14, x + 24 = 40 15. $2 + n= $20 16. x- 87=0 Solve. 17. Henry had 8 rides more than Davey did. If — 18. Two rides have a 5-mile per hour Henry had 15 rides, how many rides did difference in top speed. The faster ride Davey have? Draw a model to represent has a top speed of 21 miles per hour. the problem and solve. What is the top speed of the other ride? yy 9 Measurement Draw a line that is 20. What If? Suppose the line you drew in 12 centimeters long. How much longer Problem 19 were half as long. How must you draw the line to make it much longer must you draw it to be 20 centimeters long? 20 centimeters long? Mixed Review and Test Prep Open Response Identify the value of the underlined digit in 23. Explain how to find the value of n each number. (Ch. 1, Lesson 1) in this equation. (Cn. 2, Lesson 5) 21. 75,000,000 22. 3,768,099 34-n=20 Extra Practice See page Chapter 2 Lesson5 41Problem-Solving Decision Relevant Information Objective Find the information needed to solve a problem. When a problem has too much information, you must decide which information is important. When a problem does not give enough information, you must decide what is missing. Problem At an amusement park 9,576 tickets were sold on Saturday. Ticket sales included adults and senior citizens, and py children. There were 3,085 senior citizen tickets sold. There were 1,027 more tickets sold for adults than senior citizens. How many tickets for adults were sold on Saturday? psk Yourseyg What is the question? ‘What do you need ‘What do you not need = How many tickets to know? to know? for adults were sold * 3,085 tickets for senior * 9,576 tickets were sold ‘on Saturday? citizens were sold on on Saturday. Saturday. * The number of tickets * 1,027 more tickets sold for children. for adults were sold on Saturday than for senior citizens. Draw the model to solve. Total adult tickets: n Senior citizen tickets: 3085 Difference: 1027 Write an equation to represent the problem. n= 8,085 + 1,027 n= 4,112 Solution: On Saturday, 4,112 adult tickets were sold. Draw a model to solve. If there is not enough information, tell what information is needed. 1. Last week, the park had 10,687 visitors. 2. You have to be at least 48 inches tall to This week the park had 94,612 visitors. ride on most thrill rides. Casey cannot Normally, it has about 85,000 visitors ride the roller coaster because she is too per week. How many visitors less than short. By how much does she miss the normal did it have last week? cut-off height? 42Draw a model. If there is not enough information, tell what information is needed. 3. Aride can take up to 1,800 riders each 4 hour. There were 1,143 riders the first hour. There were 1,456 and 1,728 riders ‘the next two hours. How many riders were there in the first 2 hours? 5. Scott was in the amusement park from 12:30 p.m. until 8:15 p.m. Matt was in the 6. park until 6:30 ev, How much longer was Scott in the park than Matt? 7. Use the following model to write a word problem. Write an equation. Then solve ‘the problem. 8. ‘Adults: 8,845 | Childrer Visual Thinking Cubing Dates You can make a calendar using three cubes. ‘One cube shows the day of the week. Since a cube has only 6 faces, Saturday and Sunday are on the same face. This cube calendar shows the date for Monday the 18th. Arrange the numbers of the faces of the other two cubes. Each face should only have one digit. Do any numbers need to be on both cubes? You have to be 12 years old to drive a bumper car. Carol is 4 years too young to drive. Sarah is older than Carol. Ben is 2 years older than Sarah. Ben can drive a bumper car. Is Sarah old enough to drive a bumper car? Explain. The roller coaster can carry a maximum of 24 riders. Each car carries 8 people. The carousel can carry a maximum of 56 people. How many more people can the carousel carry? Create and Solve Write a problem that contains extra information. Solve your problem. Trade the problem with a friend. Find the extra information in each other's problems and solve. Chapter 2 Lesson6 43| Z Chapter Review/Test VOCABULARY 4. The states that the order of addends does not change the sum. 2. A(n) is a letter or symbol that represents a number in an algebraic expression. 3. The ____ states that the sum of any number and 0 is that number. 4. To a mathematical expression is to substitute the value given for each variable and then compute the answer. CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Evaluate each expression for a = 18. Then write >, < or = to compare the expressions. (.2ss00 1, pp. 28-31) 5.a+0 @a-0 6.(a+7)+9 Estimate. (Lesson 2, pp. 92-33) 8. 679 + 291 9. 423 — 201 Add or subtract. (Lessons $-4, pp. 34-39) 12. 4,608 — 379 Use mental math to solve. (Lesson 5, pp. 40-41) 16. 1+ 12 = 25 17. 81— p= 80 PROBLEM SOLVING (Lesson 6, pp. 42-43) Solve. If there is not enough information, tell what information is needed. 20. The amusement park stops admitting people at 5:00 p.m. Between 5:00 and 5:30, 427 cars left the parking lot. By 6:00, an additional 216 cars had left. How many cars were still parked in the lot at 6:00? 44 Chapter 2 Chapter Review/Test > at(7+9) 13, 28,347 + 16,017 14, 947 + 258 7.50+a a+50 10. 63,947 — 12,508 11. 47,031 + 58,098 15, 3,694 + 2,613 18, b~ 52 =17 19. 75~ t=70 Write About It Show You Understand Look at these examples. Explain how regrouping in addition is different from regrouping in subtraction. 4,072 +3,180 4,072 3,180| SS Extra Practice Set A (Lesson 1, pp. 28-31) Write an algebraic expression for each word phrase. 4. take 2 froma number 2S increased by anumber 3. 20 is reduced by a number Translate each algebraic expression into words. 4. 1-25 s.17+a 6. 100-c 7k+12 am+n Evaluate each expression for a = 12. Then write >, <, or =. xatd a-1 10.100 +a @ a+ 100 11.a-5 @ 18-a Set B (Lesson 2, pp. 32-33) Estimate. Tell which method you used. 1. 686 2. 346 3. 706 4, 4,673 5. 9,706 6. 92,545 +231 — 188 +197 — 3,927 + 3,048 — 36,789 Set C (Lesson 3, pp. 34-97) Add or subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. 1. 276 2. 8,603 3. 9,706 4 5,308 5. 72,314 6. 95,678 +412 + 587 = 3,048 — 3.591 + 17,921 — 89,679 Set D (Lesson 4, pp. 38-39) Add or subtract. Tell which method you used. 1. 342,617 2, 580,604 3. 628,589 4. 781,130 5, 4,453,299 6. 6,624,120 + 629,313 - 450,000 +223000 -674086 +3,958.214 —- 5,921,532 Set E (Lesson 5, pp, 40-41) Use mental math to solve the equations. 4.44+2=10 214-g=8 3.5+p=12 4.d-17=50 5.61 +w=72 6. r— $14 = $35 7.23 — b= 19 8.1 + $9 = $20 Extra Practice at eduplace.com/map Chapter 2 Extra Practice 45SWARM! magine thousands of bees flying overhead or hundreds of thousands of gi from one field to another. Swarming is actually a natural behavior of some honeybees outgrow their hi arm separates to form a new hive. When ants or s need food, large numbers of individuals band together to solve the group's problem scientists study this “swarm intelligence,” they may 1n problems, congestion and ocean pollution.Lee Sd Use the data from the chart about the honeybee swarm to solve Problems 1-3. @ What is the total number of honeybees [oo [1 | ison | So Compare the lengths [1550m | y bre Drone 1.55 cm cithe divert eee, (oem ESE of honeybees. What digit is in the tenths place of each of the lengths? When too many honeybees live in a hive, a swarm of half the bees and one queen look for a new home. If this swarm represents half the original hive, how many more than 25,000 bees were in the original hive? Education Place Visit Weekly Reader Connections at eduplace.com/map for more (on this topic. Ue Stee noo ATBONACCI__ fie About 800 years ago a mathematician named Leonardo Fibonacci noticed a sequence of numbers that appears throughout nature. 1,1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,... When Fibonacci analyzed the sequence, he found that each number beginning with 2 is the sum of the two numbers that come before it: 1+1=2,2+1=3, 3+2=5,and soon. Look at this pine cone. It has 8 righthand spirals and 13 lefthand spirals. Both numbers are in the Fibonacci sequence. Try These! Use grid paper to show how the Fibonacci sequence appears in the spiral of a Nautilus shell. @® outline two squares next to one another. Label each 1 as shown. © The next square in your drawing must have sides whose length is the sum of the lengths of the first two squares. Outline this square alongside the first two. Label it 2 © Continue adding squares. The length of the sides of each new square must be the sum of the lengths of the previous two squares’ sides, Label each square. Repeat until you cannot fit any more squares on your paper. © tFyou continued to use this sequence, would you eventually draw a square with sides 1,000 centimeters long? Explain, 48 Unit 1 EnrichmentCross-Calculations Copy the puzzles onto grid paper. Use a calculator to help you solve each problem. Across D E FE Row A: 152,609 + 24,247 = A Row B: 975,621 — 102,290 = Row C: 838,620 + li = 991,460 B Down c Column D: 963,221 - m = 205,371 Column E: 900,632 — 57,347 = Column F: ® — 412,809 = 258,196 Across J kK L Row G: 546,309 — li = 228,453 G Row H: 411,256 — 187,388 = Row I: l — 175,612 = 61,042 H Down 1 Column J: 685,311 — i = 492,381 Column K: 668,321 + 150,139 = Column L: ® + 334,200 = 962,940 D E F Challenge Write clues to go along =a een with the cross number puzzle shown at the right. is] 1 3 Bl7[sle2]ifo]4 oO 8 1 ci) s{6};s5s}7}9]2 7 1 7 Unit 4 Technology Time 49é 50 Unit 1 Test VOCABULARY Write true or false for each statement. If a statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. Vocabulary 1. A variable is a letter that stands for a number. 2. A period shows the number of times a base is used as a factor. 3. You evaluate an expression when you substitute values for the variables to find the value of the expression. CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Write each number in standard form. (Chapter 1) 4, 28 thousand, 28 8. 600,000 + 70,000 + 300 + 9 6. (8 X 10°) + (7 x 10”) + (7 x 108) + (9 x 105) + (4 x 10%) + (1 x 10%) 7. One hundred eight billion, three hundred million, ninety-eight. Write in expanded form using exponents. (Chapter 1) 8. 520,106 9. 1,084,756 Order each set of numbers from greatest to least. (chapter 1) 10. 9,825; 9,875; 9,845 14. 2,805,110; 3,020,121; 3,022,407 12. 6; 0.625; 6.25 13, 3,655; 3.656; 36.53; 36.35 Write each decimal in words. (Chapter 1) 14. 0.19 15. 0.6 16. 219.042 Round each number. (cheer 1) 17. 4.328 to the nearest hundredth 18. 3.526 to the nearest tenth Evaluate each expression for 1m = 6. (Chapter 2) 19.0417 20.18-n aenta Estimate each sum or difference. (Chapter 2) 22. 523 + 684 23. 8,140 — 793 24. 752 + 580 + 39Add or subtract. (Chapter 2) 28. 768,923 26. 5,428,003 + 14,918 2,472,460 27. 439,654 = 97,835 Use mental math to solve each equation. (Chapter 2) 28. n+ 19 = 27 29, 25-x=16 PROBLEM SOLVING 30. The value of a rare coin was $7,800 in 1998. In 2000 the value rose to $8,300, in 2002 it rose to $8,800, and in 2004 it rose to $9,300. If the pattern continues what is the value of the coin likely to be in 2008? 31. In April, Chris had $1,360 in his bank account. In May, the amount was $1,320, in June it was $1,280, and in July it was $1,240. If the pattern continues, how much will he have in his account in September? Draw a model to solve. If there is not enough information, tell what information is needed. 32. Last year $12,350 was spent on new math books. This year, $15,690 was spent on math books. Usually $17,000 per year is spent on math books. How much less than usual was spent on math books this year? Performance Assessment Pe Grade 1: 1296 ener sca Grade 2: 1,304 Grade 8: 1,387 [iw Task A symphony orchestra is offering free concerts for students in Smith County. . Use the population figures above and the information to the right. In what combinations should the superintendent of schools send the grades to hear the concerts? How many concerts will be needed? How many ‘students will be at each concert? Explain your thinking. 33. Tickets for a circus were priced at $18 for adults and $10 for students. At last week's performance, 1,432 student tickets were sold. What was the total number of tickets sold for last week's performance? Information You Need ‘The entire population of a grade must attend a concert together. ‘The concert hall has 2,900 seats. At least 2,750 seats must be filled for ‘each performance. Students in Grades 1 and 2 will not go to the concerts, Unit 1 Test 51Cumulative Test Prep Solve Problems 1-10. Look at the example below. Gary jogged 5 fewer kilometers this week than he jogged last week. If n stands for the distance he jogged last week, which expression shows the distance he jogged this week? A n+d © 5-n B5+n Dn-5 THINK Look at the first two choices, n+ and 5 + n. You know from the Commutative Property of Addition that these two expressions represent the ‘same amount. Therefore, you can eliminate choices A and B. 52 f 1. There are 12 fewer students in Marie's class than there are in Adele's class. If a stands for the number of students in Adele's class, which expression shows. the number of students in Marie's class? A a+12 © 12-a Ba-12 D 12+a (Chapter 2, Lesson 1) 2. What is the value of 7 in this equation? 46 —n=20 F 66 H 26 G 46 v 16 (Craver 2,Leson 8) 3. What is the value of the digit 3 in 354,968? A 300 ¢ 30,000 B 3,000 D 300,000 (Chapter 1. 4. Tyler spent $32 on clothing, $19 on records, and $28 on food. Which is the best estimate of the total amount he spent? F $50 H $90 c@ $80 Jv $170 (Cropter2, Lesson 2) For Test-Taking Tips, see page 6528. What is the value of the underlined digit? 6. Acity plans to spend $1,953,631 on schools. What is the digit in the ten thousands place of the number that represents the money spent on schools? (Chapter 1, Lesson 3) 7. In 1810, the land area of the United States was 1,681,828 square miles. By 1820 the land area was 1,749,462 square miles. By how many square miles had the land area of the United States increased? 8. Each month, Dale recorded the height of his tomato plant in centimeters. If the heights form a pattern, what is the missing height? Month Height (in centimeters) May 25 June 38 July 2 August 64 ‘September 7 (Chapter 1, Lesson 6) 9. This expression shows the greatest distance from the Earth to the Sun: (9 X 107) + (4 x 108) + (5 x 105) How many times does the digit 0 appear in this number when written in standard form? (Chapter 1, Lesson 2) Extended Response 10. This chart shows the 1990 and 2000 populations of the largest counties in Florida. County Population 1990 2000 Miami-Dade 1,937,094 2,253,362 Broward 1,255,488 1,623,018 Palm Beach 863,518 1,131,184 Hillsborough | 834,054 | 998,948 Orange 677,491 896,344 ‘A What was the total population of the two largest counties in 2000? B In 1990, which two counties had a combined population that was about the same as the population of Miami-Dade County? © Which county had the greatest population growth from 1990 to: 2000? Explain how you found your answer. D In 1990, which county had a population closest to 1 million? E Suppose the population of Miami- Dade County eventually doubles from the 2000 figure. Write this population figure in expanded form using exponents. (Chapter 2, Lesson 4) Education Place Look for Cumulative Test Prep at eduplace.com/map for more practice. Unit 1 Cumulative Test Prep 53a Vocabulary Wrap-Up for Unit 1 Look back at the big ideas and vocabulary in this unit. Big Ideas A number can be expressed in standard, expanded, word, and short word form. Key Vocabulary Compare numbers by aligning them according to place value and, starting from the left, comparing digits until they are different. You can estimate a sum or difference of whole numbers before you compute to help you judge the reasonableness of a computed sum or difference. HEU eee ueied ick» Dart forge olin we Ineed to ‘the numbers according Use your new vocabulary to discuss compare these to place value before these big ideas. two numbers. Comparing. 1. Explain how to write 3,050,710,380. in expanded form with exponents. 2. Explain how to estimate the sum 84,924 + 121,499. 3. Explain how to order these numbers: 8; 0.89: 8.19 4. Explain how you would find the next number in this pattern: 1,283; 1,498; 1,713; 2 w 5. Write About It Every ten years, there is a census in which the people of the United States are counted. Find census information about your state. Has the population been increasing? How many people do you think will live in your state when the next census is taken? Explain your thinking. 54 Unit 1 Vocabulary Wrap-Up‘. il Multiply iN Whole Q Numbers DP page 58 Divide by Te eee One-Digit + ee Numbers USC page 84 and Algebra Divide by Two-Digit Numbers page 108Reading Mathematics Here are some math vocabulary words that you should know. numbers that are multiplied the answer in a multiplication problem the number that is divided in division the number by which a dividend is being divided the answer in division a number close to an exact amount that tells about how much or about how many Reading Words and Symbols You can use words, symbols, or words and symbols to express multiplication and division in different ways. All these statements All these statements represent the same represent the same multiplication problem: division problem: three groups of four twelve divided by three = times 4 * 12 divided by 3 “3x4 °12+3 ° 4x3 3/12 - 4 2 x3 Write whether the symbol m represents a factor or a product. Then find the value of n. 1.8xXn=40 2n=8x4 Tell if the l= symbol represents the divisor, the dividend, or the quotient. Then find the value of 3. 4.35+M=5 56 +7=8 4)36Reading Test Questions Choose the correct answer for each. 6. Which multiplication statement is modeled by the array of dots at the right? a 1x 24=24 ey b. 2x 12=24 se ee ee 3x 8= 24 soe ee ee 4.4% 6= 24 ee ee ee An array is an arrangement of objects, pictures, or numbers in columns and rows. 7. Which of these statements about | 8. Which of the following has a quotient 48 + 6 = Bis false? i that is at least 7? a. The dividend is greater than the divisor. 5 a. 48 + 12 b. The quotient is greater than the divisor. b. 56 +7 c. The divisor is greater than the ©. 35+7 juotient. 4 d. 30+5 d. The quotient is less than the dividend. False means “wrong” or “not true.” At least means “equal to or greater than.” Learning Vocabulary ‘Watch for these words in this unit. Write Literature their definitions in your journal. Connection Read “Ready for Anything” on page 640. Then work with a partner to answer the questions about the story. Education Place At eduplace.com/map see eGlossary and eGames—Nath Lingo. Starting Unit 2 Reading Mathematics 57INVESTIGATION Use Data This tall ship is called the Christian Radich. To make all the sails for the Christian Radich, you would need a piece of canvas about 79 feet wide and 189 feet long. Estimate the area of the sails. Research other ships and write a problem based on the data you find. Christian Radich (approximate measurements) Hull length overallUse this page to review and remember what you need to know for this chapter. VOCABULARY Choose the best word to complete each sentence. estimate 4. In 5 X 3 = 15, the number 15 is called the factor 2. A(n) ___ can help you tell whether an answer muttiply is reasonable. product Identity Property 3. If you know the number of equal sets andthe number in each equal set, you can ___ to find the total. 4. An example of the of Addition is 7 + 0 = 7. CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Use basic facts and patterns to find each product. 5. 8X7 6. 6x9 7% 5X7 8x70 6 x 90 5x70 8 x 700 6 x 900 5 x 700 8 x 7,000 6 x 9,000 5 x 7,000 Find a value for n that makes each equation true. ant+4=4+5 9. (n+ 9)+2=6+(9 + 2) 10.8 +n Estimate using front-end estimation. Then estimate by rounding. 11. 845 + 656 + 312 12. 267 + 458 + 522 13. 789 + 362 + 163 14, 584 + 471 + 110 15. $30.95 + $63.20 16. $1.38 + $5.76 Estimate by clustering. 17. 32 + 27 + 36 + 29 18. 76+ 79+ 84+ 81 19. 302 + 315 + 279 UCD, > 20. How can the Associative Property of Addition help you add mentally? Facts Practice, Seepage 660 ere Cae MUS aN aa)ae ‘Audio Tutor 1/7 Listen and Understand Algebra Vocabulary Expressions and Multiplication Properties Objective Evaluate algebraic expressions and use the properties ‘of multiplication. (ued A minivan holds 6 passengers. Write an expression to find the number of passengers that n minivans can hold. Then find how many passengers 5 minivans will hold. Write and evaluate an algebraic expression. 9T& Write an expression. ste Evaluate n x 6 when n= 5. | | @ 2 minivans noid 2 x 6 passengers. © substitute 5 for nto see how many minivans hold n x 6 passengers. passengers 5 minivans will hold. nx6=5X6=30 Solution: Five minivans will hold 30 passengers. — Different ways -_ to express multiplication. You can use multiplication properties to nx6 ne6 (6) 6n evaluate expressions. Properties of Mult ication > Commutative Property D> Associative Property Changing the order of factors does Changing the grouping of factors not change the product. does not change the product. axb=bxa ax (bX 0) = (ax b) xe Example: 5 x 10 = 10 x 5 Example: 3 x (5 x 4) = (3 x 5) x4 D> Identity Property D> Zero Property The product of any number and 1 is The product of any number and 0 that number. is 0. mxt=m zx0=0 Example: 72 x 1 = 72 Example: 36 x 0 = 0nek Youse + What mathematical symbols can | substitute for words? 4. anumber multiplied by5 2. 7morethananumber —_* Which property can | use to help me simply the expression? Write an expression for each. Si plify. Tell which property you used. 3. 27X 0X3 4, (38)(25)(4) Evaluate. Tell which property you used. 5. 20(34 x p), givenp=5 6. a*15+3,givena=1 Explain Your Thinking J» How can knowing multiplication properties help you evaluate (96 x 20) x 5? Practice and Problem Solving Write an expression for each. 7, the product of § and a number 8, 125 decreased by a number 9. a number divided by 18 10. 96 added to a number Simplify. Tell which property you used. 11.1172 42, (49 + 500) +2 13. 36 X08 14, 592702 Evaluate each expression, given n = 4, t= 7, and v= 5. 15. 5¢t 16.(ne8)ev AZ. te(n+v) 18. 200+¥ wnttty Solve. 20. A plane flies 600 miles per hour. Write 21. Larry spent $25 on books and $32 on an expression for the distance traveled CDs. Then Sarah gave him $10. Larry in m hours. Then find the number of now has $31. How much did he have miles the plane flies in 3 hours. before he bought the books and CDs? 22. What's Wrong? Ted says that 23. Muriel has $26. She wants to buy 2 x (3 X d) gives twice the sum of 3 books for $7 each and 2 magazines for 3 and a number d. What's wrong? $8 each. Does she have enough money? PCR CEU Ca a) Open Response Write in expanded form. (oh. 1, Lesson 5) 27. Which property helps you find the product 26 x 07 (ch. 3, Lesson 1) 24. 734 25. 8,965 26. 26,421 Explain how you got your answer. Extra Practice See page Chapter 3 Lesson1 61@®? 18.00" 8109 a vnserstans Model the Distributive Vocabulary Distributive Property Property Partial products Objective Use the Distributive Property to multiply. Materials grid paper Work Together straightedge colored pencils You can draw a rectangle to show how to find a product. A rectangle is 5 units wide and 16 units long. You can use simple multiplication facts to find the area of the rectangle. Work with a partner to use models to multiply. T= With a straightedge, draw a rectangle 5 units wide and 16 units long. + Would it be easier to find the area of the rectangle if you divided it into two parts? Explain. Remember Area = length * wiath TE» The diagram shows one way to divide the 0) 8 @ _ectangle. Divide your rectangle. Shade and label each part. 62When you muttiply the sum of two or more addends by a factor, the product is the same as if you multiplied factor alb +0) = (a xb) + @ xc) Use the Distributive Property to multiply. Show the partial products for each and find the sum. Then write a multiplication sentence for each. Draw and divide a rectangle to show each product. Use the Distributive Property to find the product. 5. 6X 18 6. 7X 25 78X34 8.9 42 9.7 x 36 10. 3x 41 11.3 x 54 12, 8 X 23 Pe ee cea You learned how to use the Distributive Property to multiply. 42. Explain how you can use the Distributive Property to find the product of 6 x 27. 44, When you use the Distributive Property to find areas of rectangles, why does it make sense to separate the rectangles so you get groups of 10? Chapter 3 Lesson2 63Problem-Solving Strategy Use Logical Reasoning Objective Use logical reasoning to solve problems. Problem Laura, Rita, Ty, and Mike each have ‘one car. Each car is a different color. Laura's car is not green. Rita's car is not white or blue. Ty's car is red. Mike's car is not blue. What color is each person's car? This is what you know: + Each car is a different color. * Laura's car is not green. * Rita's car is not white or blue. + Ty’s cars red. + Mike's car is not blue. | reasoning to help solve the problem. * Ty car is red, so no other car can be red. * Rita's car is not red, because Ty's car is red. Itis also not white or blue. So, Rita's car must be green. * Since Ty's car is red and Rita’s car is green, Mike and Laura must have blue and white cars. * Mike's car is not blue. So, it must be white. + Laura's car is blue because that is the only remaining color. Solution: Ty's car is red, Rita's car is green, Mike's car is white, and Laura's car is blue. Look back at the problem. Does the solution make sense?Ask Yourself Use the Ask Yourself questions to help you solve each problem. o> What facts do | know? 4. Neil, Karen, and Tonya sit together in oe Did | make a table? an airplane. There are three seats in a row-aisle, middle, and window. E> Does ny tabietehow ell Neither Karen nor Tonya sits next to possibilities? the window. Tonya sits next to Neil = HOW Gani ise each Getto We In which seat is each person? yes or no in the table? 2. Four planes are waiting to take off, Does Me sokition make sors: They will fly to four cities: Atlanta, Charlotte, Miami, and Houston. The plane to Atlanta is not the first or the last. The plane to Charlotte is second. The plane to Miami is not the first. In what order will the planes take off? Start with a list of what you know. eS ay i Use logical reasoning to solve each problem. 3, Ned, Martin, Astrid, and Nasser each Flight | arriving Gate arrive on a different flight shown at the Number | From Number right. Astrid arrives after 3:30 p.m, Ned [am Jee 1 arrives between 3:10 P.v, and 3:50 Pav Nasser arrives after Astrid. At what time a ce oe Co ee does each person arrive? Ei | | | | 7os2__| minneapolis 4, Ken, Lisa, and Barry buy a different kind of ticket shown to the right. Barry does not buy the most expensive ticket. Ken's ticket is less expensive than Barry's. Which kind of ticket does each person buy? Ticket Class Price 5. Fawn, Bill, Celine, and Suki each use a First Class $1,605 different kind of transportation: boat, car, Business $1,100 bus, or airplane. Bill's transportation has no wheels, Fawn flies. Suki does not use Seach ska) a car. Which kind of transportation does each person use? &> Chapter 3 Lesson3 65Mixed Problem Solving Solve. Show your work. Tell what strategy you used. 6. 10. 4. 12, 66 fis Data Use the advertisement to solve The price of a car was $16,000 in 2001, $17,500 in 2002, $19,000 in 2003, and $22,000 in 2005. Based on this information, what, most likely, was the price of the car in 2004? Jerry is thinking of two numbers that have a difference of 8 and a product of 48. What are the two numbers? Janelle thinks of a number, doubles it, and then adds 15. The result is 39. Of what number was Janelle thinking? Problems 9-12. Willow buys a three time-zone watch, a computer case, and an appointment. book. How much did she spend? Maxwell has $90. He needs to buy a daypack and an insulated water bottle for his trip. He would also like to get a portable disc player. Does he have enough money for all three? Explain why or why not. Kaya is going to buy 4 insulated water bottles and a magnetic chess set. Use b to represent the cost of the water bottles and c to represent the cost of the chess set. What expression could you write to show the cost of all 5 items? Create and Solve Write and solve a problem about 3 students going on a hike. Use the data from the advertisement. You Choose Strategy * Find a Pattern © Guess and Check * Use Logical Reasoning © Work Backward + Write an Equation ‘Computation Method Mental Math © Estimation '* Paper and Pencil * CalculatorChoose the letter of the correct answer. If a correct answer is not here, choose NH. 5. You are a ranger at a state park. You have made the list below. 4. A package holds 12 pencils. Which of the taking tat | eng) following expressions gives the number of cay ca 075 | pencils you have if you buy packages of FirMountin 260__| pencils and 3 single pencils? Raa 128) An+ 12 con-12 Dees Rut 20 | Cif Chaitenge 178 | B 12n Da+12 Rocks and Streams | 207 A park visitor wants to hike a trail that is at least 1.5 miles long. Which trail(s) would you recommend? 2. Joel works a total of 16 hours on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. He works twice as many hours on Saturday as on Friday. Joe! works 4 hours on Sunday. How many hours does Joel work on Saturday? o Another visitor wants to hike a trail that is no longer than 2 miles. Which trail(s) would you recommend? F 3 hours H 6 hours 6 4 hours J NH There are plans to mark off a new trail that is longer than Deer Run but shorter than Fir Mountain. What are three possible lengths for the new trail? Gade 4) Solve each problem. ee 3. Akitchen is 8 feet long and 10 feet wide. How many tiles would you need to cover the floor with tiles that are 1 foot long and 1 foot wide? Represent Support your solution with a picture. Find the value of each symbol: Bea +m =80 W+@=140 _ Education Place adits ‘See eduplace.com/map Explain How did you find the value of for Test-Taking Tips. each symbol? (caper2, Lemon Chapter 3 Lesson3 67Multiply by One-Digit Numbers Objective Multiply by one-digit numbers. ead A plane flies at an average speed of 528 miles an hour. How far does it fly in 6 hours? Multiply to solve the problem. Find 6 x 528. Multiply the ones. 6 x 8 ones = 48 ones Regroup if necessary. 48 ones = 4 tens + 8 ones Multiply the tens. 6 x 2tens = 12 tens ‘Add any regrouped tens. 42 tens + 4 tens = 16 tens Regroup if necessary. 16 tens = 1 hundred + 6 tens Multiply the hundreds. 6 X 5 hundreds = 30 hundreds Add any regrouped 6 30 hundreds + 1 hundred hundreds. Solution: In 6 hours, the plane flies 3,168 miles. To help you understand how multiplication works, you can use the Distributive Property. Find the value of 61, when n = 528. 6 x 528 Substitute 528 for n. 6 X 528 = 6 x (500 + 20 + 8) Write one factor as a sum of numbers. = (6 x 500) + (6 X 20) + (6 X 8) — Use the Distributive Property. = 3,000 + 120 + 48 = 3,168ask Yourse Find the product. * Do need to regroup? * Did | remember to 1. 51 2. 673 3. 24,087 ‘add the regrouped x6 x 4 4 numbers? 4.3 x 84 5. 809 X 7 6. 6 X 4,582,201 Explain Your Thinking [> How can you use the Distributive Property to find the product in Exercise 5? Peet ee ue} Find the product. 7 84 8. 38 2 41 x7 x9 x5 10, 746 12, 859 x3 x4 13. 773 14, 246 15. x_3 x 7 16. 57,962 17, 14,676 18. 314,796 x 6 x4 x 2 19. 93,007 x 7 20. 3,785,092 x 2 21. 90,608,374 x 3 x Algebra + Functions Copy and complete each function table. 22. Aue! 23. 478 | 392 | 5,206] 1,821 x | 478 | 392 | 5,206] 1,821 y y 24. Rule: y=3x 28. Rule: y= 6x x | 478 5,206 | 1,821 x | 478 | 392 | 5,206} 1,821 y 26. Explain how you could use the answers from Exercise 24 to find the answers for Exercise 25. => Chapter 3 Lesson4 69Use the Distributive Property to rewrite each expression. Then solve. 27.5 x 76 28. 902 x 6 29. 7 x 8,041 30. 8 X 82,752 1s Evaluate each expression, when a = 3, 489, and d = 9,570. at. 7c 32. 3a x b 33. 9(2 x d) 3a, axXd Solve. 38. Cleveland, Ohio, is about 2,550 miles 36. Peter averages 5 miles an hour on his from Los Angeles, California. If a train scooter. At that rate, how many miles makes 4 round trips from Cleveland to would he travel if he rode the scooter Los Angeles, how far does it travel? for 24 hours during the week? 37. Itis approximately 400 miles from The 38. One train car can carry a maximum of Everglades in southern Florida to the 108 passengers. How many passengers Florida/Georgia border. If a hot air can a train carry with 6 completely full balloon is traveling 86 mi/h, could it cars? If, in one day, that train makes cover that distance in 4 hours? Explain 8 trips while completely full, how many your answer. passengers did it carry that day? 39. Hot air balloons can travel at speeds. of up to 200 mif/h. At that rate, how many miles can a hot air balloon travel in 7 hours? 40. Look at the problem below. Find di, that make the multiplication true. Can you find two different answers? 8a4 x 6 24 70 Extra Practice See page 83 Set B.