TCWD111 MIDTERM REVIEWER

The Brandt Report (1983) was published by countries.

a commission chaired by the former German The North–South divide is broadly considered a
Chancellor Willy Brandt. The report identified: socio-economic and political divide.
The Global North refers to the First World
Countries or Developed Countries.
1.THE NORTH –
The Global South refers to the Third World
are those countries that are above the
Countries or the Developing Countries.
South 30 degree North. The Global North
(comprises one quarter of the world population) Regionalism
refers to developed societies of Europe and North
America, which are characterized by established • The center of gravity of the global economy
is shifting to Asia.
democracy, wealth, technological advancement,
• The region’s economy is already similar in
political stability, aging population, zero population
size to those Europe
growth and dominance of world trade and politics
• The region’s influence in the world
continues to increase
2. THE SOUTH – is a geographical convenience
• The region’s economy is already similar in
based on the fact that most of the Poor World lies
size to those North America
south of latitude 30 degree North. (Except Australia
and New Zealand). The Global South (are the
developing countries) (comprises three quarters of
the world population) represents mainly agrarian Asia’s economies connected in:
economies in Africa, India, China, Latin America • Trade and financial transactions
and others that are not as economically sound and • Direct investment
politically stable as their global North counterparts • Technology
and tend to be characterised by turmoil, war, • Labor and Tourist flows
conflict, poverty, anarchy and tyranny (Odeh, 2010) • It could help sustain the region’s growth
GLOBAL NORTH • It could help marshal a common response
to major new challenges that often arise
North America suddenly and unexpectedly.
Western
Europe • It would underpin the region’s stability
Canada • It promotes integration among countries in
Japan Asia
South Korea Starbucks and Shanty
HongKong
Macau •There are Starbucks branches in Manila,
Singapore Melbourne, New York and New Delhi
Australia • There are markers of global
New Zealand interconnectedness, even global modernity
• The sameness represents the cultural
GLOBAL SOUTH homogenization that many critics have
associated with globalization.
Malaysia
• The headquarter of Starbucks in located in
Somalia New York
Haiti Religion
Lebanon
India • It provides a sense of identity.
Philippines • Religion offers a sense of security
• Traditional religious leadership.
The terms the North and the South, when
• Provides a sense of accountability
used in a global context, are alternative
• Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
designations for “developed” and “developing”
It is better to get an Honest zero, than stolen hundreds -M’ Elle
TCWD111 MIDTERM REVIEWER
• Launched an offensive on Mosul and Tikrit • Create regional mechanism to manage
in June 2014. health, safety, and environmental issues
o Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi better
o ISIS leader announced the formation • Provide leadership to help sustain global
of a caliphate stretching from Aleppo trade and financial system.
in Syria to Diyala in Iraq •
o Renamed the group the Islamic
State JMF Global Power City Index Criteria

• The Global Power City Index (GPCI)

Global Cities evaluates and ranks the major cities of the
world according to their “magnetism” which
• The cities are governed through inclusive means comprehensive power to attract
local democratic processes. creative people and business enterprises
• People have access to educational and from around the world.
health care opportunities. o The GPCI reveals the strengths and
weaknesses of each city and at the
• People live in communities that are safe. same time uncovers problems that
• Provide adequate wages need to be overcome
• Transcends boundaries of nation-state. o It has been peer reviewed by third
parties, all international experts from
• The ideas and values of the metropolis both the public and private sectors.
shape the world o Key Findings of the GPCI – 2017
• It has a central place in understanding ▪ London (1), New York (2),
contemporary spatial patterns of Tokyo (3), Paris (4) and
globalization Singapore (5) have remained
• Provide adequate wages in the top 5 for nine
They are void of discriminatory practices consecutive years.
• They provide jobs and pay adequate wages
• They are accessible to educational
• They are accessible to health care ▪ By region, the European
opportunities cities on the whole score
• i.e New York, London highly in Livability and
Environment.
Downsides of the Global City ▪ Cities such as Los Angeles
• Low cost and alienation and Beijing largely improve
their ranking.
• High cost, impersonality, alienation and
▪ San Francisco largely
active socialization
improve their ranking.
• Low cost, discrimination, alienation and
impersonality.
• Impersonality and social isolation
• Cultural Interaction
• Livability
Regionalism • Environment and Economy
• Research and Development
• The center of gravity of the global economy
is shifting to Asia.
Hybridity
• The region’s economy is already similar in
size to those Europe • Consists of mixing previously separated
• The region’s influence in the world continues cultural system.
to increase
• The region’s economy is already similar in • De – territorialization of cultural processes
size to those North America from their original physical environment to
new and foreign contexts.
It is better to get an Honest zero, than stolen hundreds -M’ Elle
TCWD111 MIDTERM REVIEWER
• Entails impure cultural genres
• Are formed out of the mixture of several • HYBRID OF CULTURES- A book of Garcia-
cultural domains. Candini published in 1995 which advocates
a theoretical understanding of Latin
American nations as hybrid cultures.
Cultural Hybridity

• Consists of mixing previously separate

• HYBRIDIZATION - This has been used in
cultural systems, such as mixing the elite art
communication and media studies and
of opera with popular music
appears to be a productive theoretical
• Hybridity is the deterritorialization of cultural
orientation as researchers in international
processes from their original physical
media studies attempt to grasp the complex
environment to new and foreign contexts.
subtleties of the globalization of culture.
One of the most influential voices in the
Globalization of Media
debate about cultural hybrid.
• The end of Cold War as a global
• ASIA - The largest continent in the world and
framework for ideological, geopolitical,
Continent where Philippines belongs.
and economic competition calls for
• JOHN TOMLINSON - According to him,
rethinking of analytic categories and
globalization replaced cultural imperialism
paradigms of thought.
because it conveys a process with less
• It conveys a process with less
coherence and direction, which will weaken
coherence and direction which will
the cultural unity of all nation-states, not
weaken the cultural unity of all nation –
only those in the developing world.
states.
• Globalization has emerged as a key
• BARBER- According to him, globalization
perspective across the humanities and
rules via transnational capitalism
social sciences
• Globalization undoubtedly affecting the
• SASSEN -He introduces global cities as
discipline of communication.
global command centers of the world
• Limitations of Barber’s Transnational economy. According to him, global cities are
Capitalism characterized by occupational and income
o It is based on binary opposition polarization, with the highly paid
between Jihad professional class on the one end and
o Privileges of the global over the local providers of low-paid services on the other.
o Ethnic and religious tribalism and the
McWorld
• SECULARIZATION - It is understood as a
o The capital driven West
shift in the overall frameworks of human
• Nestor Garcia – Candini condition; it makes it possible for people to
o Mixing previously cultural systems have a choice between belief and non-belief
o Deterritorialization of cultural in a manner hitherto unknown.
processes
o Entails impure cultural genres
• RELIGION- This a belief in a supernatural
o Argentinean Mexican cultural critic
being.

• UNESCO - Its mission includes issues of • TRANSNATIONAL RELIGION - Emerged

communication and culture through the post-World War II

• HYBRIDITY- This view privileges an

understanding of the interface of • GLOBAL CITY- It means power,
globalization and localization as a dynamic sophistication, wealth, and influence.
process and hybrid product of mixed
traditions and cultural forms. Also known as • COSMOPOLITANISM- It is the phenomenon
Hybridization most readily associated with the global city.

It is better to get an Honest zero, than stolen hundreds -M’ Elle

TCWD111 MIDTERM REVIEWER
✓ Dubai and Buenos Aires make their first-ever
appearances in the GPCI in 2017 with ✓ Barber rightly points to transnational
respective comprehensive rankings of No. capitalism as the driving engine that brings
23 and No. 40. Jihad and McWorld in contact and motivates
their action, his model has two limitations
✓ Asian region is home to over half the world’s
population, produces Three tenths of global ✓ As the late French sociologist Pierre
output (in terms of purchasing power), and Bourdieu has observed, our public life is
consistently records the world’s highest shaped by Symbols as much as by
economic growth rates. institutions.

✓ What is odd about the new global war is not ✓ A dynamic and outward-looking Asian
only in defining it and the nonstate, regionalism could bring huge benefits not
transnational character of the opposition, just to Asia, but to the World.
but also the opponents’ ascription to
Ideologies based on religion ✓ Regionalism is a relatively new aspect of
Asia’s rise. Asia’s economies are
✓ The globalization of culture through the increasingly connected through trade,
Media is not a process of complete financial transactions, direct investment,
homogenization, but rather one where technology, labor and tourist flows, and
cohesion and fragmentation coexist other economic relationships.

✓ The global media debate was launched

during the 1973 General Conference of the ✓ Hybridization has been used in
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and communication and media studies and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Nairobi, appears to be a productive theoretical
Kenya. orientation as researchers in international
media studies attempt to grasp the complex
✓ In modern America and Europe, the warfare subtleties of the globalization of culture.
has given religion a prominence in public life
that it has not held since before the ✓ When Mohammed Atta boarded the airline
Enlightenment, more than two centuries ago on September 11, 2001 that soon thereafter
slammed into the World Trade Center
✓ It has become fashionable in some towers, he left behind a manual of
international communication circles to instruction
dismiss cultural imperialism as Monolithic
theory that is lacking subtlety and
increasingly questioned by empirical
research.

✓ In International Communication Theory and

research, cultural imperialism theory argued
that audiences across the globe are heavily
affected by media messages emanating
from the Western industrialized countries.

✓ One perspective on the globalization of

culture, somewhat reminiscent of cultural
imperialism in terms of the nature of the
effect of media and culture, but somewhat
different in its conceptualization of the issue,
is the view that the media contribute to the
Homogenization of cultural differences
across the planet.
It is better to get an Honest zero, than stolen hundreds -M’ Elle