Arts 9

Third Quarter – Module

WEEK 3-4
Arts of the Neoclassic and
Romantic Periods

Lesson

1
Neoclassical and Romantic Periods
 What’s In

Neoclassicism was born out of rejection of the Rococo and late Baroque styles. Romanticism began
in the same era, but its approach had to do with the modern or new rather than the traditional.

What’s New

Introduction to Neoclassical Period (1780-1840)

The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning “new” and the Latin word classicus
which is similar in meaning to the English phrase “first class”.
Romantic Period (1800-1810s)
Romanticism was a movement in which the artists of neoclassical period sought to break new ground
in the expression of emotions, both subtle and stormy. It embraced a number of distinctive themes, such
as a longing for history, super-natural elements, social injustices, and nature.

What is It

The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18 th century Age of reason also known as the Age
of enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought about by the renewed interest in Greek and
Roman classics. Characteristics are portrayal of Roman history, formal composition, uses of diagonal to
show the peak of an emotion or movement, uses local color and overall lighting and classic geo-structure.
Classical and mythological figures in a contemporary scene was the common subject style and were
(academies or art institution) a place where artists hone their skills and exhibit their works in events
called
“salons.”

Romanticism is a period sought to break a new ground in the expression of emotion, both stormy and
subtle. The landscape painting became more popular due to the people’s romantic adoration of nature. Its
characteristics are height of action, emotional extremes, celebrated nature as out of control, dramatic
compositions, and heightened sensation (life and death moments). This was about passion and emotions
and artists focuses on subjects that are experimented and dramatic with emotions rarely touched upon like
disgust, horror, and astonishment. Explored themes that were unfamiliar and contemporary in origin.

An era in art that uses contemporary themes and depicted them with emotional and dramatic
colors is the Romantic Period.
An era in art that used classical subjects to create realism and lessen the emotions intensity used in the
Baroque style is the Neo Classicism.

Lesson
Characteristics and the Iconic
2 Artists of the Neoclassical and
Romantic Art Period
 What’s In
In Neoclassicism Painting is an artistic interpretation of classic Greek and Roman history
was restored to realistic portrayals. Sculpture is a Roman style inspiration while architecture is
in the purest form, derived from architecture of Classical Greek and Rome and characterized by
simple geometric forms but enacted on a grand scale. Its style is, temple style, palladian style or
villa and classical block style. While in Romanticism Painting is giving more emphasis on the
emotions while sculpture is all about human and natural world. Architecture (Gothic revival)
has a feature of castellations in which the walls and towers are crenellated in imitation of
medieval castles were bricks and stones are commonly used.

What’s New

Neo-classicism is the name given to the Western movements in the decorative and visual arts.
Characteristics of Neoclassical Arts:
1. Rebirth of the human history
2. Formal composition
3. The use of diagonals to show the apex of emotion /moment (versus a regular moment)
4. Local color
5. Over-all lighting
6. Classic geo-structure

Romanticism is a movement in which the artists of Neo-classical period sought to break new ground in
the expression of emotions, both subtle and stormy.
Characteristics of Romantic artworks:
1. Shows height of emotion
2. Emotional extremes
3. Celebrated nature as out of control
4. Dramatic compositions
5. Heighted sensations (life and death moments)
6. Paintings focus on emotions
 .

What is It

Neoclassical and Romantic Artists:

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) - was an

influential French painter in the Neoclassical
style and considered to be the pre-eminent
painter of the era. His subjects of paintings
were more on history. His famous artworks are
The Death of Marat, Napoleon Crossing the
Alps, and Oath of the Horatii.

www.wikipedia.com

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
(17801867)- Ingres was a pupil of
JacquesLouis David. He was influenced by
Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael,
Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor,
JacquesLouis David.
His paintings were usually nudes, portraits,
and mythological themes. He was regarded as
one of the great exemplars of academic art and
one of the finest Old Masters of his era. His
www.wikipedia.com famous artworks are
Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne,
The Apotheosis of Homer.
Antonio Canova (1757-1822)- a prolific Italian
artist and sculptor who became famous for his
marble sculptures that delicately rendered
nude flesh. He opened the idea for portraying
discrete sexual pleasures by using pure
contours with his mythological compositions.
His famous artworks are Psyche Awakened by
Cupid’s Kiss and Washington.
www.wikipedia.com
Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838)- He was the
first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He
executed sculptures of mythological and
religious themes characters. His famous
artworks are Christ and Lion of Lucerne

www.wikipedia.com
 Robert Adam (1728-1792) – He was known
as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical
who designed two well-known American civic
buildings- The White House and the United
States Capitol. He had also designed many
country houses.

www.wikipedia.com
Jean Louis Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)
- the first French master and the leader of the
French realistic school. His masterpieces were
energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and
tightly composed. His famous artworks are
The
Raft of the Medusa, Charging Chasseur,
www.wikipedia.com Insane Woman.

Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) – was

considered the greatest French Romantic
painter of all. He achieved brilliant visual
effects using small, adjacent strokes of
contrasting color. He was the most influential
to most of Romantic painters and eventually,

his technique was adopted and extended by

the Impressionist artists. His famous artworks
www.wikipedia.com are Liberty Leading the People
Francisco Goya (1746-1828) - He was a
commissioned Romantic painter by the King
of Spain. He was also a printmaker regarded
both as the last of the “Old Masters” and the
first of the “Moderns”. His famous artworks
are The Third of May, Saturn Devouring His
Son and The Burial of Sardine.
www.wikipedia.com
Antoine-Louis Barye (1796-1875) – He was
the most famous animal sculptor of all time.
He studied the anatomy of his subjects by
sketching residents of the Paris Zoo. Famous
works: 1. Hercules Sitting on a Bull 2.
Theseus Slaying the Minotaur

www.wikipedia.com
Francois Rude (1784-1855) – was best
known for his social art which aimed to inspire
and capture the interest of a broad public.
Famous Artworks are Departure of the
Volunteers and JEANNE d’Arc.

www.wikipedia.com
 What I Have Learned

.
Neoclassicism and Romanticism are different are different from each other but surely both inspire
people by means of the different forms of arts they have. As we have noticed, neoclassical
artworks portrayed Roman history most significantly the Roman heroes as their commonly
subject. Artworks commonly used lines as their significance to show the apex of emotions. While
Romanticism emphasizes emotions as depicted by the artworks shown and highlighted by the
most important element, the colors.

Lesson
Neoclassicism and Romanticism in the
3 Philippines
Functions of Artworks

What’s In
CLASSICISM refers to the art forms produced in antiquity or inspired by it.
NEOCLASSICISM is a movement that drew motivation from the classical Greek/Roman age.
● Characteristic – incorporate a focus on Greek and Roman folklore and heroic
historical subjects: a prioritization of the brave males.
● Tone/Mood – Calm, rational, rejecting the flamboyant and sensual art of the Baroque
and Rococo eras. Unemotional rather than expressive, ● Painting style features and
Techniques:
a. Severe, precisely drawn figures, with hard, crisp edges that often seem frozen
in action.
b. Backgrounds simple, uncluttered to avoid the Rocco melodrama and generally
included Roman touches like arches or columns.

● Values – Order, seriousness, noble gestures such as courage, sacrifice & love of
country.

● Neoclassicism emphasized order and reason, restraint, common sense, and religious,
political, economic, and philosophical moderation.

● Their emphasis was on proper subject matter and artists eliminated unnecessary
details to focus on the overall design.
● They employed concepts like symmetry, proportion, unity, harmony, and grace.

ROMANTICISM is a movement in which the artist of neo-classical period sought to break

new ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy.

● Characteristic – Shows height of action, emotional extremes, celebrated nature as out

of control, dramatic compositions, Heightened sensations (life and death moments),
paintings focus on EMOTIONS.

● Romanticism wasn’t like Impressionism, where everyone concentrated on painting the

effects of light using loose brushwork.

● Romantic art ranged from the smooth-as-glass, highly detailed, monumental canvas.

● It may also be loosely defined by what it stood against. The championed spiritualism
over science, instinct over deliberation, nature over industry, democracy over
subjugation, and the rusticity.

● Romantic Painting – The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on
emotion. Artists expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas.
● Romantic Sculpture – it can be divided into works that concern about the human
world and those that concern the natural world.
What’s New

NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the Philippines

FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN HIDALGO Y PADILLA (1855-1913) was one of the great

Filipino painters of the late 19th century who was significant in the Philippine history for
inspiring members of the Philippine reform movement.
Famous Artwork: THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BEING EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
(F. Hidalgo) METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF MANILA

JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO (1857-1899) was a painter and sculptor, who became one of
the first recognized Philippine artists. He was also a political activist of the Philippine
Revolution during the late 19th century. One of his famous artworks was the
Spoliarium. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman
Colosseum wherein the fallen and dying gladiators were dumped and devoid of their
worldly possessions. The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the
bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial matches.

FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO (1892-1972) was a National Artist in Painting. He

was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes, and he was popularly
known for his craftsmanship and mastery of the use of light.
Famous Artwork: PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON VOLCANO (F. Amorsolo)
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF MANILA

GUILLERMO ESTRELLA TOLENTINO (1890–1976) is a Filipino sculptor who was

named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973 and is hailed as the “Father of
Philippine Arts.” Famous Artwork: The Original Oblation at the 3rd floor of the Main
Library of U.P. Diliman
 NAPOLEÓN ISABELO VELOSO ABUEVA is
a National artist for Sculpture. He was entitled
as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture".
He has been the only Boholano to be given the
distinction of National Artist of the Philippines in
the field of Visual Arts.
Famous Artwork: SIYAM NA DIWATA NG
SINING.

What is It
 The Oath of the Horatii painting by Jacques- Louis David is about loyalty to the state
and patriotic duty.
The painting shows David’s contrast in colors and an asymmetrically balanced
composition in space. There is an element of theatre or staging that evokes the grandeur
of opera.
Sculpture
Neoclassical sculpture is defined by its symmetry, life-sized to monumental scale, and
its serious subject matter.
The subjects of Neoclassical sculpture ranged from mythological figures to heroes of the
past to major contemporary personages.
Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss” by Antonio Canova shows the mythological lovers at a
moment of high emotion. It represents the God Cupid in the height of love and
tenderness, immediately after awakening Psyche with a kiss.

Architecture
Neoclassical architecture emphasizes its planar qualities, rather than sculptural
volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade are flatter while
sculptural bas- reliefs are flatter and tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets, or panels .
The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and
generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

ROMANTIC PERIOD
Romanticism, fueled by the French Revolution, was a reaction to the scientific
rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment.
Romanticism legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which
permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art.

Painting
It emphasized the need for art to express emotion, irrational feelings, and imagination.
Liberty Leading the People by Delacroix.

It depicts the French Revolution in all its heroic glory and grisly destruction.
Fighting figures to Liberty’s left emphasize the shape, especially the top-hatted man clutching
the rifle. Which reaches its climax in Liberty’s raised arm and flag.

What I Have Learned

. Neoclassicism is characterized by clarity of form, sober colors,

shallow space, strong horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless (instead of
temporal as in the dynamic Baroque works), and Classical subject matter (or classicizing
contemporary subject matter).

Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality,
imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes,
religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty. The brushwork for romantic art became looser and
less precise

Lesson Techniques, Styles and Influences of

4
Neoclassic and Romantic Period
 What’s In

The basic elements of arts such as lines, shapes, texture, and colors were found in the different
artworks created by the different iconic artists.

What’s New

Neoclassicism is characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong

horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless (instead of temporal as in the
dynamic Baroque works), and Classical subject matter (or classicizing contemporary subject
matter).
Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality,
imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes, religion,
revolution, and peaceful beauty. The brushwork for romantic art became looser and less precise.
The ages of Neoclassicism and Romanticism both span approximately the late eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. (Within this period, Neoclassical artistic activity peaked first, then
Romantic.) Both movements flourished across Western Europe (especially in the north) and the
United States, and to a lesser extent in Eastern Europe.

Painterly vs. Linear Style

✔ Neoclassical painting usually features a linear style (in which the outlines of objects are
sharply defined, thanks to carefully controlled brushstrokes), whereas
✔ Romantic painters tended to favor a painterly style (in which freedom of colour takes
precedence over sharply defined forms; brushstrokes are less restrained, resulting in
somewhat "messy" outlines). The painterly style often has visible brushstrokes, while the
linear style features smooth areas of colour, in which no brushstrokes can be seen.

Defining The Elements

1. Line- A mark (actual or implied) that spans the distance between two points used to
define shape in two-dimensional work.
 2. Texture- The way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. The actual or implied structure
and minute molding of a surface (rough smooth, etc.) which can either be seen or felt with
the sense of touch.

3. Value- Shading used to emphasize form. The degree of lightness or darkness of any
given color within a piece of art. Adding white to lighten the color is called “tint” while
addition of black is called “shade”.

4. Inspiration- Is an unconscious burst of creativity in a literary, musical, or other artistic

endeavor.

5. Tone- refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a colour (see also chiaroscuro). One
colour can have an almost infinite number of different tones

6. Subjects- Refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork.

7. Technique- The manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer, athlete, or the like
employs the technical skills of a particular art or field of endeavor.

8. Role of Art- It means whatever the artist intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped
by the materials, techniques, and forms it makes use of, as well as the ideas and feelings
it creates in its viewers.

9. Composition- It is the arrangement or placement of visual elements in a piece of

artwork. You might consider this exactly the same as the “layout” of a piece (a term you
hear a lot in graphic design).

What is It

The National Museum

Flipinos have adopted this style of architecture in the
country. Since the American Colonial Era Filipino
Architects employed neoclassical architecture. This elegant
architectural building was planned and designed by
American architect Daniel Burnham in 1918. It was the
former home of the national congress and was converted
into a museum where art, natural sciences and
Philippines’ natural and cultural heritage are housed.

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki ›
Manila Post Office

Its style also resembles the

neoclassical style because of the
series of ionic columns free standing
over the porch.

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki ›

What I Have Learned

Now that you know the Neoclassical and Romantic styles are very different from each other.
Summarize those differences in a minimum of three paragraph form and write it in a half
sheet of pad paper
.
 References:
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http://teresabernardart.com/elements-of-composition/
https://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudelson/StudyGuides/NeoCvsRomant_
https://www.art-is-fun.com/subjects-in-art#:~
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/technique https://conceptartempire.com/what-
is-composition/
http://www.essentialhumanities.net/western-art/painting/neoclassical-romantic

https://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/george-washington-sculpture
https://quizlet.com/250813987/arts-neoclassical-and-romantic-period-flash-cards/

http://www.essential-humanities.net/western-art/painting/neoclassical-
romantic/#neoclassicalpainting
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/neoclassicism-andromanticism/
https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-
Revivalhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundlessarthistory/chapter/neoclassicism/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/neoclassicism-andromanticism/
https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-
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