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GNED 02: Ethics: Second Semester, Academic Year 2022 - 2023

Here are one-paragraph answers to the questions: 1. Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is a discipline that seeks to understand the deepest nature of reality and how we should live. 2. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies standards of conduct and principles of right and wrong. The main types of ethical inquiry are normative ethics, which examines what makes actions right or wrong; descriptive ethics, which studies people's actual moral judgments and behaviors; and applied ethics, which analyzes moral issues in real-life situations. 3. One's moral judgment can be influenced by emotions/feelings that cloud objective reasoning, society/politics that

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895 views23 pages

GNED 02: Ethics: Second Semester, Academic Year 2022 - 2023

Here are one-paragraph answers to the questions: 1. Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is a discipline that seeks to understand the deepest nature of reality and how we should live. 2. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies standards of conduct and principles of right and wrong. The main types of ethical inquiry are normative ethics, which examines what makes actions right or wrong; descriptive ethics, which studies people's actual moral judgments and behaviors; and applied ethics, which analyzes moral issues in real-life situations. 3. One's moral judgment can be influenced by emotions/feelings that cloud objective reasoning, society/politics that

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Module I

GNED 02: Ethics


Second Semester, Academic Year 2022 - 2023

1
Course Description:

The course deals with principles of ethical behavior in modern society at the level of the person,
society and in interaction with the environment and other shared resources.

2
Lecture Requirements:

1. Mid-Term Examination
2. Final Examination
3. Quizzes/Seat works/Recitations
4. Video presentation
5. Fact Sheet
6. Class Reporting/Reaction Paper
7. Assignments
8. Class or Group Project
9. Class Attendance

3
Classroom Decorum
During face-to-face mode

Students are required to:


1. wear identification cards at all times;
2. wear a face mask at all times (encouraged but not required);
3. observe physical/social distancing at all times;
4. clean the classroom before and after classes;
5. avoid unnecessary noise that might disturb other classes;
6. practice good manners and right conduct at all times;
7. practice gender sensitivity and awareness inside the classroom;
8. come to class on time;
9. avoid giving or receiving unauthorized aid of any kind on their examinations, papers, projects, and
assignments;
10. observe proper etiquette during online/offline activities, and
11. submit take-home assignments on time.

4
C. Examination/ Evaluation
1. Quizzes may be announced or unannounced.
2. Mid-term and Final Examinations are scheduled.
3. Cheating is strictly prohibited. A student who is caught cheating will be given a score of ”0” for the
first offense. For the second offense, the student will be automatically given a failing grade in the
subject.
4. Students who will miss a mid-term or final examination, a laboratory exercise, or a class project
may be excused and allowed to take a special exam, conduct a laboratory exercise or pass a class
project for any of the following reasons:
a. participation in a University/College-approved field trip or activity;
b. due to illness or death in the family; and
c. due to force majeure or natural calamities.

5
GRADING SYSTEM

60% Examinations

40% Recitation
Activity
Project
Attendance

Total of 100%
6
Standard transmutation table

96.7 – 100.0 1.00


93.4 – 96.6 1.25
90.1 - 93.30 1.50
86.7 – 90.0 1.75
83.4 – 86.6 2.00
80.1 – 83.3 2.25
76.7 – 80.0 2.50
73.4 – 76.6 2.75
70.00 – 73.3 3.00
50.0-69.9 4.00
Below 50 5.00

7
LECTURE I
Ethics

After the completion of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define Philosophy with ethics as its introduction

2. Give the definition of Ethics

3. Discuss the definition of Morality

8
LECTURE I

What is Philosophy?
 For Pythagoras
Philosophy came from the Greek word Philia (Love) and
Sophia (Wisdom).

 For Aristotle
Philosophy is a science which inquires into the ultimate
causes, reasons and principles of all things in the light of reason
alone. (Metaphysics, book 7).

9
LECTURE I
Ethics

What is Philosophy?
 For Karl Jasper
Philosophy is a discipline in which questions are more important
than answers and which every answer paves a way to another
question.

“Philosophy starts through doubt and wonder.”


-Socrates

10
LECTURE I
Ethics

Classical Branches of Philosophy


 Metaphysics – Being (Substance)
 Theodicy – God
 Cosmology – Universe/Creation
 Psychology – Man/human soul
 Epistemology – Knowledge
 Logic – Correct thinking/reasoning
 Ethics – morality/action

11
What is Ethics?
 Ethics is a branch of philosophy that used to study ideal human
behavior and ideal ways of living.

 The approaches to ethics and meanings of related concepts have


varied over time among thinkers.

 A systematic approach to understanding, analyzing and


distinguishing matters of right and wrong, good and bad, admirable
and deplorable as they relate to the well-being of and the
relationships among sentient beings.
12
But the problem:
Throughout history, people,
based on their culture and habit,
have engaged in actions that
they believed were justifiable.

13
Morality
 Morals are specific beliefs, behaviors and ways of being derived
from doing ethics. It might be from the influence of society, tradition,
religion etc.

 One’s morals are judged to be good or bad through systematic


ethical analysis.

 Immorality on the other hand refers that one’s behavior is in


opposition to accepted societal, religious, cultural, or professional
ethical standards and principles.
14
Morality and Ethics (Velasquez)

Morality: pertains to standards of right and wrong, usually


inherited from a community.

BUT

Ethics: studies standards of right and wrong, the act of making a


decision, the nature of the agent who makes the decision.

10
Types of Ethical Inquiry
Normative ethics – is an attempt to decide or prescribe
values, behaviors, and ways of being that are right or wrong,
good and bad, admirable or deplorable.

When using the method of normative ethics, inquiries are


made about how humans should behave, what ought to be
done in certain situations, what type of character one
should have or should be.
16
Types of Ethical Inquiry
Descriptive ethics – is often referred to as scientific rather
than a philosophical ethical inquiry. It is an approach used
when researchers want to describe what people think about
morality or when they want to describe how people are
actually behave – that is, their morals.

17
Types of Ethical Inquiry
Applied ethics – actual application of ethical or moral theories
for the purpose of deciding "which ethical or moral actions are
appropriate in a given situation“..

-Casuists = adherents of applied ethics


- they are concerned with individual moral problems

18
Incorporation of the 3 types of ethics:
Ex. A police officer shoots a terrorist who is about to blow up a
crowded shopping mall

19
Many people do assert that they are entitled with their own opinion.
But, what is an Opinion?

 If we will look into its lexical definition, it is a belief or judgement


(doxa in Greek term) that is not necessarily based on facts or
knowledge.

 Thus, OPINION should NOT always be considered. That is why


Plato did not consider

 We should after on what is TRUE and JUST. We acquire and


consider knowledge. NOT OPINION
20
Before making any judgement and asserting your own
opinion, it is necessary to ask the following question:
 Is my opinion or judgement relevant and justified?
 Will I be considerate if share my opinion?
 Do I really understand the issue at hand? Yes, I may have a little
knowledge of the issue but do I completely understand it?
 Why should I tell my opinion?
 Will my opinion and action cause harm to anyone?

21
LECTURE I
Ethics
Question and Tasks:
Instruction: Answer the questions below (one-paragraph each). To avoid
plagiarism, write your own ideas and understanding of the topic.

Plagiarized answers will be rejected.


1. What is Philosophy, in your own understanding?
2. What is Ethics and the different types of ethical inquiry?
3. Explain how one’s moral judgment can be influenced by:
a. Emotions/feelings
b. Society/Politics
c. Religion
d. Tradition/culture
e. Education
4. What do you think is the most common bias in our judgment? Why?
22

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