GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
Mindanao State University
Marawi City
PA 201 (Foundation, Theory and Prof. Lomala O. Imam**
Practice of Public Administration) Professorial Lecturer
COURSE SYLLABUS
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Nature, characteristics, meanings, concepts, theories, foundations, historical development,
dynamics, processes, issues, and trends in public administration and national development.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
PA 201 is a core course designed to introduce to the graduate students the discipline of Public
Administration and how its fundamental theories, concept, issues, trends and processes apply to the present-
day realities. It also discusses the role of public bureaucracy in the Philippine society, the interplay of
politics and administration in various level, and the issues and challenges facing public administration and
governance today. The objectives of the course thus, are: 1) to understand and appreciate the whole Public
Administration system, processes, and dynamics of the politico-administrative landscape of Philippine
Public Administration in theory and practice; 2) to acquire critical understanding of the basic concepts,
nature, theories and principles of Public Administration as an academic discipline and to its application,
practice and processes; 3) to engender appreciation of different analytical tools and techniques in the
landscape of administrative theory and practice as they relate to national development aspirations; 4) to
provide an analytical forum by which practices and operations of government and bureaucratic institutions
are assessed and evaluated in the light of national development goals and aspirations; and 5) to be
knowledgeable in finding means to solve issues and problems of the society using the perspective of public
administration.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
Students will be evaluated on the basis of the following requirements of the course:
1) Attendance and active/intelligent participation in class discussions where students are expected
to have read and analysed assigned readings. Students are expected to attend every session and to come
prepared to participate actively in the class discussions. (20%)
2) Oral class reports on assigned topics. Students are expected to present a report before the class
on a topic to be assigned on a scheduled date. Individual presentations should last for 20-30 minutes,
preferably accompanied by visuals and a 1-2 page(s) abstract to be distributed to members of the class
before or during the presentation. Presentations are expected to be critical and analytical. (15%)
** Professorial Lecturer. Professor of Public Administration, Governance, and Political Science. Former Director of the
following offices: MSU Human Resources Development Office (1990-1999); Personnel Management and Training
Division (1993); University Alumni Relations Office (1986-1988). Senior Technical Assistant, Office of the Vice
President for Administration and Finance (1985-1986); Special Assistant, Office of the Vice President for Academic
Affairs (1988 – 1990), MSU. Chief of Staff, Presidential Management Staff (2005-2008), Office of the President, MSUS.
Former College Secretary and OIC Dean (1977-1979) and Chairman, Department of Public Administration (1979-
1980), CPA, MSU. A graduate of the University of the Philippines (CGM, MPA, 1975-1976), Diliman, Quezon City, and
the Mindanao State University (AB-Political Science, 1972), Main Campus. First Muslim MPA, CGM Graduate at UP.
Member, Philippine Society for Public Administration; Personnel Officers Association of the Philippines. Holder of
three CSC Eligibilities. More than forty-one years in the government service both as Professor and Administrator,
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June 1, 1976 to July 11, 2017. Retired with the rank of Full Professor. Consultant, Reviewer, Thesis Advising, and
Lecturer, LGUs, NGOs, Public and Private Schools and Other Institutions.
3) A term paper of about 20-25 pages, typewritten, doubled spaced or computer print-outs (with a
12 font) on a topic involving theories and concepts of public administration and national development goals
and their applications. Students are warned against plagiarizing the work of other authors or copying ideas
and materials from other sources (including the internet) without proper acknowledgment. Likewise,
students are also warned against submitting papers that have been used or to be used in other courses.
Students caught with these or any form of intellectual dishonesty shall be dealt with severely. (25%)
4) Mid-term Examination. Long mid-term examination covering subjects, topics, issues and matters
discussed in class as well as those assigned readings. (15%)
5) Final Examination. Comprehensive examination generally covering issues and matters discussed
in class and assigned readings. (25%)
CLASSROOM POLICIES AND GRADING SYSTEM:
1) University Rules on tardiness and absences must be strictly observed. Late after 30 minutes of
class is considered 1 absence. Maximum of 3 absences is dropped from the course.
2) No cheating during examinations. Students caught cheating is automatically 5.00 (failed).
3) Incomplete Grade (INC). Only student with good standing but with deficiency (e.g. failure to
submit papers) may be given incomplete grade.
4) Passing Grades (1.00-3.00).
Grading Scale (Examinations):
Score Grade Equivalent
92-100 1.00
88-91.9 1.25
84-87.9 1.50
80-83.9 1.75
76-79.9 2.00
72-75.9 2.25
68-71.9 2.50
64-67.9 2.75
60-63.9 3.00
55-59.9 4.00
Below 55 5.00
Good Standing but with deficiency INC
5) Plagiarizing and other forms of intellectual dishonesty will be severely dealt with.
6) Be mindful of assigned readings, dates of examinations, class reports, and deadlines of
assignments, papers and other requirements.
CREDIT: 3 Units
METHODOLOGY: Lecture, critical and analytical discussions, class reports, research papers, assigned
readings, and written examinations.
TIMETABLE/Schedule of SESSIONS:
REQUIRED READINGS AND BASIC REFERENCES:
The following are the basic references that will be used throughout the course, among others:
1) H. George Frederickson and Kevin Smith, The Public Administration Theory Primer,
2003.
2) Victoria Bautista, et al, Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader,
2nd Ed. 2003.
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3) Jay Shafritz and EW Russel, Introducing Public Administration, 1999.
4) Richard Stillman, Public Admnistration: Concepts and Cases, 2000.
5) Nicolas Henry, Public Administration and Public Affairs, 1995.
6) David Rosenbloom and Robert Kravchuk, Public Administration. Understanding
Management and Law in the Public Sector, Mc Graw Hill, 2005.
7) Robert Denhardt, Theories of Public Organization, 2004.
8) Shafritz and Hyde, Classics of PA, 1997.
9) Special Issue of “Is There A Philippine Public Administration”, Philippine Journal of
Public Administration, Vol. 52, Nos. 2-4, 2008.
10) Various issues of the Philippine Journal of Public Administration.
Other readings may be supplied during the conduct of the course.
COURSE OUTLINE AND READINGS
I. The Nature, Meaning and Dynamics of the State and of Public Administration
Reyes, Danilo, 1993. “Bureaucracy and Transition: Some Reflections on Redemocratization and
Politics-Administration Dichotomy” in Bautista, et al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration: A
Reader, (1st ed.). Q.C.: UP-CPA, (hereafter referred to as “Bautista et al., A Reader), pp. 76-102.
Baradat, Leon P. 1994. Political Ideologies: Their Origins and Impact. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall. “Theories of the Origin of State”, pp. 45-50.
Stillman, Richard J. II. 2010. “The Search for the Scope and Purpose of Public Administration”.
in Stillman II (ed.). Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. 9th ed., Boston MA: Wadsworth, pp.1-6.
Reyes, Danilo. 2003. “The Study of Public Administration in Perspective: A Passing Review of
the Development of the Discipline”. in Bautista, et al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the
Philippines: A Reader (2nd ed.). Quezon City: UP-NCPAG, pp. 109-144.
Kuhn, Thomas. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed., Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Wilson, Woodrow, 1887. “The Study of Administration”. Political Science Quarterly, Vol.2 (June
1887), as printed in Jay M. Shafritz and Albert C. Hyde (eds.). 1997. Classics of Public Administration. (4th
ed.) Forth Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace and Co., pp.14-26.
II. FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND PRACTICE
A. Public Administration and the Influences of the Multi-Disciplinary Evolution of
Management Thought
Henry Nicholas. 2007. “Public Administration’s Century in a Quandary” (Ch.2). Public
Administration and Public Affairs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., pp. 26-47.
Stillman, Richard J. II. 2010. “The Search for the Scope and Purpose Public Administration”,
(Ch.1) and “The Study of Public Administration in the United States: The Eminently Practical Science”
(Ch.2) in Stillman II (ed.). Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. 9th ed., Boston MA: Wadsworth,
pp. 1-6; 17-30.
The following articles and essays reprinted and abridged in Jay M. Shafritz and Albert C. Hyde
(eds.). 1997. Classics of Public Administration. (4th ed.). Forth Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace and Co.:
Frank J. Goodnow. 1900. “Politics and Administration”, pp. 27-29;
Frederick W. Taylor. 1912. “Scientific Management”, pp. 30-32;
Max Weber. 1946. “Bureaucracy”, pp. 37-43;
Leonard White. 1926. “Introduction to the Study of Public Administration”, pp.
44-52;
Luther Gulick. 1937. “Notes on the Theory of Organization”, pp. 81-89;
Herbert Simon. 1946. “The Proverbs of Administration”, pp. 127-141.
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B. Perspectives, Approaches and Critiques: Reform Movements, Directions, and
Developments in the Field
Nabatchi, Tina. 2010. “The (Re)discovery of the Public in Public Administration”. Public
Administration Review. (December). Vol. 70. Supplement No. 1, pp.309-311.
Reyes, Danilo R. 2003. “Public Sector Reengineering: Practice, Problems and Prospects”. in
Bautista et al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (2nd ed.) Q.C.:
UP-NCPAG, pp. 157-174.
Ocampo, Romeo B. 2003. “Models of Public Administration Reform: ‘New Public
Management’.” in Bautista, et al (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader
(2nd eds.). Q.C.: UP-NCPAG, pp. 147-1556.
Heinrich, Carolyn J. 2013. “Public Management”. in Mark Bevir (ed.). The Sage Handbook of
Governance. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Ltd. 252-269.
Osborne, Stephen and Kate McLaughlin. 2002. “The New Public Management in Context”. in K.
Mclaughlin, S. Osborne and E. Ferlie (eds.). New Public Management: Current Trends and Future
Prospects. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 7-14.
Pollitt, Christopher. 2002. “The New Public Management in International Perspective”. in K.
Mclaughlin, S. Osborne and E. Ferlie (eds.). New Public Management: Current Trends and Future
Prospects. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 274-292.
Reyes, Danilo R. 2001. “An Overview of the Current Developments in the Study and Practice of
Public Administration”. Philippine Journal of Public Administration. (July), pp. 225-241.
Frederickson, George. 1971. “Toward a New Public Administration” in Marini (ed.). Toward a
New Public Administration: The Minnowbrook Perspective, Scranton: Chandler.
Wamsley, Gary, et al. 1992. “A Legitimate Role for Bureaucracy in Democratic Governance”. in
Larry Hill (ed.). The State of Public Bureaucracy. New York: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 59086.
Osborne, David and Ted Gaebler. 1992. Reinventing Government, New York: Penguin,
“Introduction; An American Perestroika”, pp. 1-24; and Ch.1, “Catalytic Government: Steering rather
Than Rowing”, pp. 25-48.
Moe, Ronald C. 1994. “The ‘Reinventing Government’ Exercise: Misinterpreting the Problem,
Misjudging the Consequences”. Public Administration Review. 55 (2) (March/April), pp. 111-122.
Hammer, Michael and James Champy. 1993. Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for
Business Revolution. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Halachmi, Arie. 1995. “Reengineering and Public Management: Some Issues and
Considerations”. International Review of Administrative Sciences. 61 (3) (September), pp. 329-341.
Reyes, Danilo R. 1997. “Controversies in Public Administration: Enduring Issues and Questions
in Bureaucratic Reform”. Philippine Journal of Public Administration. (January-October), pp. 277-300.
III. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
A. Public Administration as a Field of Study in the Philippines
Reyes, Danilo R. 2012. “Public Administration in the Philippines: Meeting the Challenges of
Government and Governance”. in V. Miralao and J. Agbisit (eds.). Philippine Social Sciences: Capacities,
Directions and Challenges. Q.C.: PSSC, pp. 74-95.
Brilliantes, Alex B., Jr. and Maricel Fernandez. 2008. “Is There A Philippine Public
Administration? Or Better Still, For Whom Is Philippine Public Administration?” Philippine Journal of
Public Administration. Vol. 52, Nos. 2-4 (April-Pctober), pp. 245-307.
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De Guzman, Raul. 2003. “Is There A Philippine Public Administration?” in Bautista et al. (eds.).
Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (2nd ed.). Q.C.: UP-NCPAG, pp. 3-11.
Corpus, Onofre D. 2003. “Is There A Philippine Public Administration?” in Bautista et al. (eds.).
Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (1st ed.). Q.C.: UP-NCPAG, pp. 12-19.
Endriga, Jose. 2003. “Stability and Change: The Civil Service in the Philippines”. in Bautista, et
al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (2nd ed.) Q.C.: UP-NCPAG,
pp. 393-414.
Reyes, Danilo R. 2003. “Public Administration in the Philippines; History, Heritage and
Hubris”. in Bautista et al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (2nd
ed.). Q.C.: UP-NCPAG, pp. 38-64.
Reyes, Danilo R. 1993. “The Identity Crisis in Public Administration Revisited” in Bautista et al.
A Reader (1st ed.), pp.18-38.
Reyes, Danilo R. 1995. “Life Begins at Forty: An Inquiry on Administrative Theory in the
Philippines and the Structure of Scientific Revelations”, in P. Tapales, N. Pilar and N. Romblon, (eds.).
Public Administration by the Year 2000: Looking Back Into The Future. U.P. CPA: Quezon City.
B. Public Administration Dynamics, Processes and Issues in the Philippines
Domingo, Ma. Oliva and Danilo Reyes. 2011. “Performance Management Reform in the
Philippines”. in Evan Berman (ed.). Public Administration in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Philippines,
Malaysia, Hong Kong and Macao. Boca Raton: CRC Press and Taylor and Francis Group.
Brilliantes, Alex B. et al. 2011. Reinventing a Local Government in the Philippines: The Makati
Experience”. Quezon City and Makati: NCPAG and University of Makati.
Carlos, Clarita R. 2004. Towards a Bureaucratic reform: Issues and Challenges. Makati City:
Kondrad Adenauer Foundations. Ch.2. “What has Been Done In The Past?” pp. 9-73.
Brilliantes, Alex B. 1993. “Decentralization in the Philippines: An Overview” in Bautista et al. A
Reader, pp. 368-381.
Presidential Committee on Streamlining the Bureaucracy, DBM. 1995. Reengineering the
Bureaucracy for Better Governance: Principles and Parameters. Manila: Department of Budget and
Management.
Sosmena, Gaudisio, Sr. 1991. Decentralization and Appointment, Manila: LOGODEF
Executive Order 292 (Philippine Administrative Code), 1987.
IV. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, GOVERNANCE, GLOBALIZATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
ISSUES, PROBLEMS AND VISIONS
A. Development Concepts, Sustainable Human Development, globalization, Reform
and Accountability and Public Administration
Willis, Katie, 2005. Theories and Practices of Development. London and New York: Routledge.
Todaro, Michael, 1982. Economics for a Developing World, (2nd ed.) “The Meaning of
Development”. Ch. 6 (mimeo).
United Nations Development Programme. 1997. Integrating Human Rights with Sustainable
Development. New York: UNDP.
Gant, George. 1979. Development Administration, Concepts, Goals and Methods. Madison: The
University of Wisconsin Press.
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Reyes, Danilo. 1993. “The Crisis of Underdevelopment: A re-examination of Economic Models
of Development in the third World”, in Bautista et al. A Reader, pp. 239-267.
Briones, Leonor. 2003. “Globalization, Nationalism and Public Administration: Challenge and
Response”. in Bautista et al. (eds.). Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader (2nd
ed.). Q.C.: UP-NCPAG, pp. 77-108.
Meadowcroft, James. 2013. “Sustainable Development”. In Mark Bevir (ed.). The Sage Handbook
of Governance. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Ltd. 535-551.
Reyes, Danilo. 1993. Tensions in the Troubled Bureaucracy: Reform Initiatives in Public
Organizations and Service Delivery Systems”. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, (July), pp.
293-264.
Republic Act 6713 (Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees in the Philippines),
February, 1989 and Civil Service Commission Implementing Guidelines, April 1989.
UN Millennium Project. 2005. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan To Achieve The
Millennium Development Goals. New York: Millennium Project.
B. Governance and the Evolving Field of Public Administration: The Redefinition of
the Roles of the State, the Market, Civil Society and the Citizen.
Reyes, Danilo R. 2012. “Revisiting the Public Sector Agenda: Towards Active Citizenship and
the Corruption Conundrum.” A paper delivered at the 58th Executive Council Meeting and Conference of
the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration (EROPA), Jakarta, Indonesia, October 28-
November 1.
Reyes, Danilo R. 2011. “Public Policy and the Imperatives of Governance: Towards
Institutionalizing Active Citizens Participation”. International Journal of Policy Studies. Vol.2, No.1
(July), pp. 3-15. (A paper presented at the International Conference on “Fairness in Public Policy:
Efficiency, Equity and Beyond” of the Korean Association for Policy Studies, Seoul, Korea, June 17-18,
2011).
Reyes, Danilo R. 2011. “Citizen Participation and Public Sector Reform: Is Collaborative
Governance the Answer?” Asian review of Public Administration. Vol. 22, No.1, pp. 17-31. (A paper
presented at the World Civic Forum (EROPA Panel) COEX, Seoul, Republic of Korea, May 5-8, 2009).
Pan Suk Kim, et al. 2005. “Towards Participatory and Transparent Governance: Report on the
Sixth Global Forum on Reinventing Government”. Public Administration Review. Vol. 65, No.6
(November/December), pp.646-654.
Mele, Valentina. 2005. Paradigm and Practice: “The Innovative Organization to Deal with E-
Government”. Mehdi Khosrow-Pour (ed). Practicing E-Government: A Global Perspective. London and
PA: The Idea Group Publishing, pp. 289-309.
Bevir, Mark R.A.W. Rhodes and Patrick Weller. 2003. Traditions of Governance: Interpreting
the Changing Role of the Public Sector. Public Administration. Vol.81, No.1, pp. 1-17.
Hirst, Paul. 2000. “Democracy and Governance” in Jon Pierre (ed). Debating Governance. Oxford
University Press: New York, pp. 13-35.
Rhodes R.A.W. 2000. “Governance and Public Administration” in Jon Pierre (ed.). Debating
Governance. Oxford University Press: New York, pp. 54-90.
University Nations Development Programme. 1997. Reconceptualizing Governance. (Discussion
Paper 2) (January). New York: UNDP, pp. 1-20 and 21-53.
United Nations Development Programme. 1997. Governance for Sustainable Human
Development. (January). New York: UNDP.
Acknowledgement:
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This syllabus is patterned (adopted) to the syllabi of Dr. Alex B. Brilliantes, Jr. and Prof. Danilo R.
Reyes, UP-NCPAG. Some revisions and modifications were made to suit existing conditions and resources
especially on the availability of reading materials and references. I am grateful to them.
GUIDE FOR DISCUSSION
I. Overview of Public Administration
A. The Nature, Characteristics, Scope, Role and Thrust of Public Administration
B. The Meaning(s)/Definitions of Public Administration
C. Public Administration as a Field of Study (Discipline) and as a Field of Practice
(Profession/Occupation)
D. Public Administration as an Art and as a Science
E. Public Administration and Private (Business) Administration
F. Foundations/Orientations and Approaches in the study of PA
G. Setting Goals in Public Administration
II. Origin and Development of Public Administration
A. The Emergence of Public Administration in Europe and the United States of
America
1. Cameral Science: Europe
2. Woodrow Wilson’s Essay: USA
B. The Evolution of Public Administration
1. Classical or Traditional Public Administration: Late 1800s and Early 1900s
to the 1950s
a. Paradigms in Public Administration
b. Identity Crisis in PA: Issues and Concerns
2. Modern Public Administration: 1950s to 1960s (Reform
Movement/Approaches)
a. Development Administration (DA): 1950s to 1960s
b. New Public Administration (NPA): Toward 1970s
c. New Public Management (NPM): 1980s to 1990s
d. Reinventing/Reengineering Government (RG): 1990s
e. Public Administration as a Governance (PAG): Toward 2000s
f. The New Public Service
III. The Development of Public Administration in the Philippines: History and Context
IV. Traditional Fields of PA
A. Organization and Management
B. Human Resource Management/Personnel Administration
C. Public Fiscal/Finance Administration
D. Local Government Administration
E. Public Policy and Program Administration
V. Emerging Subfields of Public Administration
A. Public Enterprise Management
B. Voluntary Sector Management
C. Spatial Information Management
VI. Development
A. Meaning(s) and Core Values of Development
B. Objectives and Dimensions of Development
C. Some Theories and Models of Development
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