U.S.

Department of the Interior Scientific Investigations Map 3143

U.S. Geological Survey Sheet 5 of 5
Pamphlet accompanies map

CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS

156°00' 155°45' 155°30'

[Boxes without color show ages of correlative stratigraphic
formations on adjacent islands not depicted on this sheet]
L
VOLCANIC AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAIʻI
NE

Approximate age, in Polarity

AN

20°15'
Qplc KĪLAUEA AND millions of years ** chrons
CH

Hāwī 20°15' SURFICIAL DEPOSITS KĪLAUEA VOLCANO MAUNA LOA VOLCANO MAUNA LOA VOLCANOES HUALĀLAI VOLCANO MAUNA KEA VOLCANO KOHALA VOLCANO
Qpl (nonlinear scale)
270 WEST MAUI HALEAKALĀ
HĀ

* ††
10
00 Qf VOLCANO VOLCANO Qpc5 Qp5 Qpld5 Qpa5 Qkc5 Qk5 Qkld5 Qhc5 Qh5
HĀ

Qa Qpc4y Qp4y Qpa4y

UI

Qp4 Qkc4 Qk4 Qkld4 Qhc4 Qh4 Qha4

Hualālai Volcanics
Puna Basalt
EN

Qplmc Qpc4o Qp4o Qpld4o Qpa4o

Ka‘ū Basalt
y
KO
Māhukona Qhwb

Va l l e
Qbd Qdy Qld Qlg Qls Qtc
‘AL

Qpc3 Qp3 Qpld3 Qkc3 Qk3 Qkld3 Qka3 Qcw Qhc3 Qh3 Holocene
0
200
Qhw Qa

HA
Qpc2 Qp2 Qpa2 Qkc2 Qk2 Qkld2 Qhc2 Qh2

Pololū
*

LA
Qplm Qp1y Qkc1y Qk1y Qhc1y Qh1y
Qkc1 Qk1 Qkld1

Hāna Volcanics
Qkc1o Qk1o Qhc1o Qh1o
VO Qlcy Qly

Laupāhoehoe
Qlay 0.011
Qp1o
LC

Volcanics
Qls Qkc Qk ††
ANO
2000

Qhc Qh
Waip iʻ o Qlmt Qlmo
Qhwc Qpl Qa Qla

Basalt
Hilina
Bay

Kahuku
4000 Qlc Qlbc Ql Qlb

Basalt
Qa Qhi
Qdo Qcrs Qcbc Brunhes Normal-
Qhw Qkh Polarity Chron

ey
30
10

240

all

Wa‘awa‘a
00

oV
00

Trachyte
Member
ipiʻ
Qhmw

Wa
3000
Ql 100
0 Qt Qw Qwc
2000 155°15'
Qhwbc

Hāmākua
Volcanics
Qhwb Qhmc Qhm
Qhwa
QUATERNARY

Kaupō
Qhwd Qhwb

Flow
250

Mud
30 d Qpld Lahaina Hāwī

Nīnole
Basalt
00
Qhwtd
Kawaihae Volcanics Qn Qhmp Qhwc Qhwbc Qhwd Qhwbd Qhwtd Qhw Qhwb Qhwt Qhwa 0.150
Qpl Qao Volcanics
Qhwb

Volcanics
Qhw Pololū

Kula
Qf Qhwt
Qhwc Qplc Qplmc Qpld Qpl Qplm Pleistocene
Waimea Volcanics
Qa
Bay

Volcanics
Honolua
00
200 19
0

30
20°00' Qhm Qlb 0.780 0.78
ihae

Honomanū
Qhmc 0.988
20°00'

Basalt
Qla 1.072
Laupāhoehoe
wa

Ql 1.173
Ka

1.185

Wailuku
Qhm

am

Basalt
4000
30 re
Qk1y
00
St
Qhmc Matuyama Reversed-

e
Qlbc

e ho
1.778 Polarity Chron
00 Qhmc ho 1.945
pā
Ql 40 1.810
Qa u 2.000
19 La 2.128
Qa
500
0 2.148
Bay Ql
malu
ʻAnaehoʻo
Qlc
Kapalaoa
ISLAND OF MAUI ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I
00

Qlc 2.58
20

10
70
00

00
200 0
9000 800
Qk Qlc
Qla 155°00'
190
Qk5 Qlb
Qly 3.032 Gauss Normal-
olo Qh 600
0
3.116
Kīh y 0 0 Polarity Chron
50 Qlmo 3.207
Ba Qh1o Qh1o Waiki‘i Qlay Qlcy
3.330
Qw Qk1o
M A12 000 Qhm
UN
Qhc1o Qhmc
Qa The one occurrence of unit Qpld5 is on Kīlauea’s northeast flank and shown labeled
0

*
A
Hopuwai
00

Qh5 Ke‘āmuku Qa 3.60

11

Qlc The four occurrences of unit Qpld4o are scattered broadly along Kīlauea’s south flank and shown labeled

6000
K
13000
Two occurrences of unit Qpld3 are on Kīlauea’s northeast flank and two are on the southwest
Qlmo
Qk2 300
0 Qla Lake EA Pliocene
Qt
800

Qlmo Qhmp
Waiau
Qk1y †† All occurrences of Qkld units (5,4,3,2,1) are on Mauna Loa’s west flank and labeled separately 4.187
0

Qlmt Ql
10

Makalawena On 4.300 TERTIARY

00

0 o m ea
0

Qhc 100 Bay

4000
Houpookāne
Qh1y Qhmc
2000 Qwc Qlc Springs Pua‘ākala 4.493
00 4.631
Qhmw 90
Qh5 Puʻu Waʻawaʻa 40
00
Qlc
Qhc1y
4.799

2000
Liloe Gilbert Reversed-

500
Qh2
Qk4 Spring 4.896 Polarity Chron
19°45' Qa
0

4.997
800

Qhc1y Qhc2 Qlc

0
Ql

300
Qh1o Qh1o Qla 5.235
Qh1y Qlcy H
Qhc1o 19°45' 5.330
Qhc5 5000 Qk2 B a il o
Qk2 Ql Qt y
Qhc2
H UQh3 Qlc Qhm
300

Keaukaha
Qh1y Miocene
AL
70

Qly
0

Qhc3
00

6000
Ā LA Qh2
Qk3
600
0 Qlay Qk Hilo Normal polarity (shaded) and reversed
I Qk1y polarity (white) shown for subchrons 6.03
Qhc2 5000 through end of Gilbert time ** Time scale from Gradstein and others (2004)
Qhc 7000 Qk5 200
y Kailua- 180 Qk2
c1o

Ba Qh1o Qk5
Qk1o
u Kona Qk5
Qh

Qk2
ha

Qh2 Qk1y Qk1y Qk3

600
kō

Qh1y Qkc2
no

Qh Qhc3
0
Ho

Qkc1

Bay Qha4 Qk2 Qk4

ilua 7000
40

Ka Qk1y
00

11 Wahapele
Qh1o Qhc4 Qk
Qkc4
Aerial oblique photograph

10
Qhc1o LIST OF MAP UNITS Wa‘awa‘a Trachyte Member (Pleistocene)—Divided into:

00
Qh1y
[See Description of Map Units (in pamphlet) for complete unit descriptions. Some unit Qw Lava flow showing hot lava boil in
Qk1o the ocean off the southern
50

8000 exposures on the printed or plotted map are too small to distinguish the color for unit
5000

Qh3 shore, southeast of

00

Qh4 Qk2 Qk1o identification. These units are labeled where possible, and unlabeled units are attributed Qwc Scoria cone
Qk2 Qpld3 Kapoho on the Island of
00

Qkc3
Qk4
60

Qhc1o
in the database] MAUNA KEA VOLCANO Hawai‘i, producing acidic
400

Qk5 900
Qkc5
300

0
0

Qh2 Qk1y
SURFICIAL DEPOSITS Laupāhoehoe Volcanics (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Divided into two white steam laden with
0

10000 Qkc3 Qp4o

Qk Qkc1o
Mountain View Qpld5 informally named volcanic members and an intervening formally named volcanic glass shards.
0

Qh1o Qp4o
700

Qf Fill (Holocene)
Qkc1y Most of the coast in the
c2

Qka3 130 glacial member, thus:

Qk

Qk2 Qkc1o
Qp3
Qa Alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene) background was covered
Qk1o Younger volcanic rocks member (Holocene and Pleistocene?)—Divided
Qk4 by new lava of the lower
00
00

Qk
70
90

Kealakekua Qk Qkc1o into:

A east rift zone eruption.
Qkld2 Qk Qkc
Qp5 Qls Landslide deposits (Holocene)
00

LO
19°30' Qpa5 Qpc4o
0

Qk1y Qlcy Scoria cones View is to the southwest.

11

Captain
0

Pāhoa
00

Qk3
60

Qk2 Qkc4 a
80

K
A
Cook 0 Qt
130
0 Kapoho p oh Qt Tephra (Pleistocene) U.S. Geological Survey
o B ay 19°30' Qly Lava flows
Qkc1o Qk1o
photograph by I.A.
N

Qp4 Qpc4y
era eo

ek
Kealak ua Bay
AU

cald weow

137 VOLCANIC AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I Johanson, June 20, 2018.
Qk4 Glenwood Qlay Tephra-fall deposits
ʻā
M

Qk3 Qpc3
Moku

Qk2
KĪLAUEA VOLCANO
30

Qp2 Qp4o 4o Older volcanic rocks member (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Divided

00

Qkc5
K10

20
Qpa
00

00
e a00l a k

00

11
110

Qp4y into:
80

Qk5 Qcw Puna Basalt (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Divided according to the

NO
LCA
ekua

Qk1y Qpa2 following matrix (y, younger; o, older) Qla Tephra-fall deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)
Qk4 VO Qp4o Qpld4o Aerial oblique photograph showing a view south-southwest to an active vent at fissure
A Qlc Scoria cones (Pleistocene)—Unit is mapped separately as:
0
00
E Volcano Qp3 Vent Littoral Tephra
AU
12
8 during the 2018 lower east rift zone eruption, Kīlauea, Hawai‘i. Lava of this date flowed
fault

Qk1y
Qcw Qp3 deposits Lava flows deposits deposits Age, years
8 kilometers northeast and wrapped around Kapoho Crater and then southeast into the
8000

00 Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Qp4y Qlbc Two cones with benmoreite composition

KĪ L

70 Qpc2
00
ocean. U.S. Geological Survey photograph by J.J. Major, June 19, 2018.
4000

Qk1o Qk2 0 Qk3 00

Qpc5 Qpc5 Qp5 Qpld5 Qpa5 0–200
2000

10 40 1000
Qpc3 Qp4o Ql Lava flows (Pleistocene)—Unit is mapped separately as:
Qp4y
200–400
system

Qpld4o Qpc4y Qp4y Qpa4y

Qk1y
Qk2 Qp4
Qk3
Qpa4y
Pauahi Crater Qp5 Qpc4o Qp4o Qpld4o Qpa4o 400–750 Qlb Benmoreite lava flows
Qkc3 0 Makaopuhi
90
0
Qa Crater Qpc3
Qp2 Qpc3 Qp3 Qpld3 750–1,500 Mākanaka Glacial Member (Pleistocene)—Divided into:
7000

m
00

syste i
50

Kalapana
fault uaik 1,500–3,000 Qlmt Till
aok
Qpc2 Qp2 Qpa2
ʻe a n
p5

Koa Ku l
Q

Qp4o
5000

Qk1y
0
Qp4 Qp1y 3,000–5,000
300 Qlmo Outwash
Qp3
Qp2 Qp1o 5,000–16,000
Qk5 Qk1 Qhi
Hāmākua Volcanics (Pleistocene)—Consists of
6000

Qpc4o Qp4o
li
Qkld4
0

Pa
2000
0

0
800 Qdy
60

Basalt—Divided into:
Qls Qhi Hilina Basalt (Pleistocene)
00

Qn Qp4y Qhmc Vent deposits

30

Qk2
oo
Qk Qhi
MAUNA LOA VOLCANO
4y

a
W

dV
Qpc

Qhm Lava flows

in
Qkc5 alle
Ka‘ū Basalt (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Divided according to the
Hil
y Qp3 Nahahu
y Qk4
19°15' c1 arroyo
Qk4 Qk 70
00
Keanabihopa
following matrix (y, younger; o, older) Qhmw Waihū Glacial Member
Qt Qt
Pohakaa Arroyo
Qk2 19°15'
40
00 Qa
Vent Littoral Tephra Qhmp Pōhakuloa Glacial Member
Qpld4o deposits Lava flows deposits deposits Age, years
Qkc2
Qp4o KOHALA VOLCANO
y
Pā pā B a Qn Qkc5 Qk5 Qkld5 0–200
Qk3 Hāwī Volcanics (Pleistocene)—Divided according to the following matrix.
Qk5 Pāhala
Qkc4 Qk4 Qkld4 200–750 (No implication for age relations among parts of the unit)
00 Qk Qp2
10 Qpld4o
Qk1 Qn Qkc3 Qk3 Qkld3 Qka3 750–1,500 Vent Lava Lava Tephra
Nīno
Qk2 le Qk1o Qkc2 Qk2 Qkld2 1,500–3,000 deposits domes flows deposits Composition
Hill Qp1y
11
Qkc3 s
Qkc1 Qk1y Qkc1y Qk1y 3,000–5,000 Qhwc Qhwd Qhw Qhwa
Hawaiite and
Qkc1 Qk1 Qkld1
1000

mugearite
oe

40
Qk3
Ok a 5,000–11,000
00 Qp1o
N Qkc1o Qk1o Aerial oblique photograph showing a view west across Halema‘uma‘u, the main crater in
y

Qhwbc Qhwbd Qhwb

20

B Qk2 Benmoreite
Puehu A
2000
00

>11,000 the caldera at the summit of Kīlauea. Prominent flat surface in center is Halema‘uma‘u
Punalu‘u
Qpld3
E Qkc Qk Qhwtd Qhwt Trachyte
Photograph of lava flows from fissure 6 across Pohoiki Road in the lower east rift zone of crater floor, which has subsided more than 100 m after the lower east rift zone eruption
C Kīlauea, Hawai‘i. Downed utility lines are shown draped across the road in the foreground.
O of 2018. The deepest part of the pit is 300 m below Halema‘uma‘u's crater rim. Pale
Qkc1 Qk1o Qkh Kahuku Basalt (Pleistocene) Pololū Volcanics (Pleistocene)—Divided according to the following matrix Large hose in grass on left was a temporary water-supply line installed when ground striping (horizontal features left of center) marks the approximate position of the former
300
0 cracking broke the water main in the area, before inundation by lava rendered moot any visitor overlook, closed since 2008. U.S. Geological Survey photograph by K.R. Anderson,
Qk1
Qk3 Qk1
Qkh IC Qn Nīnole Basalt (Pleistocene) Vent Lava Lava further habitation. U.S. Geological Survey photograph by C.E. Parcheta, May 23, 2018. June 12, 2018.

IF
deposits dome flows
nu’apo Bay
Qk5 Ho KĪLAUEA AND MAUNA LOA VOLCANOES
Qkc4
C Qplc Qplmc Qpld Qpl Qplm
Nā‘ālehu A Qcw Steep walls of calderas and pit craters (Holocene)

Qkld3
P HUALĀLAI VOLCANO
fault

1000 Qk1y
Hualālai Volcanics (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Basaltic units divided on
PR
basis of lithology and age according to the following matrix; whereas the EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS
Ba IN trachyte belongs to a separately named member
19°00' Pōhue y CI
Qk2
PA
L
Contact—Approximately located. Internal contacts define separate lava flow
Qkld3 Qk5 HA
u

Qk1 HAWAIʻI Vent Lava Tephra sequences within the unit

Kahuk

W
AI 19°00' deposits flows deposits Age, years
Qkld1 IA MAP
Fault—Dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed. Ball
N LOCATION
Qk IS
L Qhc5 Qh5 0–200 and bar on downthrown side
Kaʻaluʻa
AN

Qkld5
lu B Qhc4 Qh4 Qha4 200–750 Paleoshoreline—Coastline before the 2018 Kīlauea eruption
D

ay
S

Qkh
Qt Qhc3 Qh3 750–1,500
Qhc2 Qh2 1,500–3,000
Qhc1y Qh1y 3,000–5,000
Qhc1o Qh1o 5,000–11,000
Photograph looking southeast to summits of Mauna Kea (left, altitude 4,205 m or 13,796 ft) and slightly lower Mauna Loa (right, altitude 4,169 m or 13,679 ft) on Island of Hawai‘i, from the summit
Qhc Qh >11,000
of Haleakalā, Maui. The many substantial scoria cones on Mauna Kea present a more irregular skyline than seen on Mauna Loa. Photograph by Raph Howald, October 9, 2018.
156°00' 155°45' 155°30' 155°15' 155°00' 154°45'
Base from U.S. Geological Survey National Map SCALE 1: 250 000 Geology from Wolfe and Morris (1996a), as derived from electronic GIS depiction
North American Datum 1983 5 0 5 10 15 20 MILES by Trusdell and others (2006)
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement
Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, UTM zone 5 For Hualālai, modified to show revisions of youngest lava flows as mapped by by the U.S. Government

Geologic Map of the State of Hawai‘i—Island of Hawai‘i

5 0 5 10 15 20 25 KILOMETERS Kauahikaua and others (2002). For Mauna Kea, modified to show distribution of This map or plate also is offered in an online, digital version. Users should be aware that, because of differences in rendering
Coastline generated from 2018 mapping Pōhakuloa drift, from Wolfe and others (1997). For Kīlauea, modified to show processes and pixel resolution, some slight distortion of scale may occur when viewing the online version on a computer
THIS MAP IS NOT INTENDED FOR NAVIGATION distribution of Kīlauea eruption, as of December 2018, using data provided by U.S. screen or when printing it on an electronic plotter, even when it is viewed or printed at its intended publication scale
CONTOUR INTERVAL 200 FEET
Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Some geology along Kīlauea’s For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS
APPROXIMATE MEAN
southwest rift zone from unpublished data of C.A. Neal, D.R. Sherrod, and D.A.
By Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3143 and https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWXT41
DECLINATION, 2021
Swanson, which leads to slightly different interpretation of age for some units
Suggested citation: Sherrod, D.R., Sinton, J.M., Watkins, S.E., and Brunt, K.M., 2021, Island of Hawai‘i, sheet 5 of Geologic
Edited by Carolyn Donlin, Sarah Nagorsen, Claire Landowski, and Phil Frederick; Printed on recycled paper map of the State of Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3143, pamphlet 72 p., 5 sheets, scales
digital cartographic production by Katie Sullivan, D.R. Sherrod, and J.E. Robinson
Manuscript approved for publication December 2, 2010
David R. Sherrod, John M. Sinton, Sarah E. Watkins, and Kelly M. Brunt ISSN 2329-1311 (print)
1:100,000 and 1:250,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3143.
Associated data for this publication: Sherrod, D.R., Robinson, J.E., Sinton, J.M., Watkins, S.E., and Brunt, K.M., 2021,

2021
ISSN 2329-132X (online) Geologic map database to accompany geologic map of the State of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release,
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3143 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWXT41.