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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

The document discusses the cathode ray tube (CRT) display. It explains that a CRT works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that hit a phosphorescent screen, producing light and displaying an image. The electron beam is controlled by deflection plates and a control grid, and swept across the screen in a raster pattern to refresh the image. CRTs were commonly used in older computer monitors and televisions due to their high image quality and resolution capabilities.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
115 views4 pages

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

The document discusses the cathode ray tube (CRT) display. It explains that a CRT works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that hit a phosphorescent screen, producing light and displaying an image. The electron beam is controlled by deflection plates and a control grid, and swept across the screen in a raster pattern to refresh the image. CRTs were commonly used in older computer monitors and televisions due to their high image quality and resolution capabilities.

Uploaded by

sushil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE :-

Computer technology is going to see major advances in sophisticated 3-


dimensional modeling and image processing; the users will see desktop
computers with the computational power of today’s super-computers. Even
graphics capabilities would be available to the average user at a reasonable
cost. To make this, ultra-high-resolution monitors will be required. There are
different display systems like cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays
(LCDs), electroluminescent displays (ELDs), plasma displays and light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) are available in the present technology. Here we are
going to discuss the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).

Working Principles
When the two metal plates are connected to a high voltage source, the
negatively charged plate called the cathode emits an invisible ray. The
cathode ray is drawn to the positively charged plate, called the anode, where
it passes through a hole and continues traveling to the other end of the tube.
When the ray strikes the specially coated surface, the cathode ray produces a
strong fluorescence or bright light. When an electric field is applied across the
cathode ray tube, the cathode ray is attracted by the plate bearing positive
charges. Therefore a cathode ray must consist of negatively charged
particles. A moving charged body behaves like a tiny magnet, and it can
interact with an external magnetic field. The electrons deflected by the
magnetic field. And also when the external magnetic field is reversed, the
beam of electronics is deflected in the opposite direction.
In a cathode ray tube, the cathode is a heated filament and it placed in a
vacuum. The ray is a stream of electrons that naturally pour off a heated
cathode into the vacuum. Electrons are negative. The anode is positive, so it
attracts the electrons pouring off the cathode. In a TV’s cathode ray tube, the
stream of electrons is focused by a focusing anode into a tight beam and then
accelerated by an accelerating anode. This tight, high-speed beam of
electrons flies through the vacuum in the tube and hits the flat screen at the
other end of the tube. This screen is coated with phosphor, which glows when
struck by the beam.

Operation of CRT
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a computer display screen, used to display the
output in a standard composite video signal. The working of CRT depends on
the movement of an electron beam which moves back and forth across the
back of the screen. The source of the electron beam is the electron gun; the
gun is located in the narrow, cylindrical neck at the extreme rear of a CRT
which produces a stream of electrons through thermionic emission. Usually, A
CRT has a fluorescent screen to display the output signal. A simple CRT is
shown below.

Cathode Ray
Tube
The operation of a CRT monitor is very simple. A cathode-ray tube consists of
one or more electron guns, possibly internal electrostatic deflection plates,
and a phosphor target. CRT has three electron beams – one for each (Red,
Green, and Blue) is clearly shown in the figure. The electron beam produces a
tiny, bright visible spot when it strikes the phosphor-coated screen. In every
monitor device, the entire front area of the tube is scanned repetitively and
systematically in a fixed pattern called a raster. An image (raster) is displayed
by scanning the electron beam across the screen. The phosphor’s targets are
beginning to fade after a short time, the image needs to be refreshed
continuously. Thus CRT produces the three color images which are primary
colors. Here we used a 50 Hz rate to eliminate the flicker by refreshing the
screen.

The main parts of the cathode ray tube are cathode, control grid, deflecting
plates and screen.

Cathode
The heater keeps the cathode at a higher temperature and electrons flow from
the heated cathode towards the surface of the cathode. The accelerating
anode has a small hole at its center and is maintained at a high potential,
which is of positive polarity. The order of this voltage is 1 to 20 kV, relative to
the cathode.
The control grid regulates the brightness of the spot on the screen. By
controlling the number of electrons by the anode and hence the focusing
anode ensures that electrons leaving the cathode in slightly different
directions are focused down to a narrow beam and all arrive at the same spot
on the screen. The whole assembly of cathode, control grid, focusing anode,
and accelerating electrode are called the electron gun.

Deflecting Plates
Two pairs of deflecting plates allow the beam of electrons. An electric field
between the first pair of plates deflects the electrons horizontally, and an
electric field between the second pair deflects them vertically, the electrons
travel in a straight line from the hole in the accelerating anode to the center of
the screen when no deflecting fields are present, where they produce a bright
spot.

Screen
This may be circular or rectangular. The screen is coated with a special type
of fluorescent material. Fluorescent material absorbs its energy and re-emits
light in the form of photons when the electron beam hits the screen. When it
happens some of them bounces back just like bouncing off a cricket ball from
a wall. These are called secondary electrons. They must be absorbed and
returned to the cathode if it is not so they accumulate near the screen and
produce space charge or electrons cloud. To avoid this, aqua day coating is
applied on the funnel part of CRT from inside.

Advantages of CRT
1. CRT’s are less expensive than other display technologies.
2. They operate at any resolution, geometry and aspect ratio without
decreasing the image quality.
3. CRTs produce the very best color and gray-scale for all professional
calibrations.
4. Excellent viewing angle.
5. It maintains good brightness and gives long life service.

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