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UNIT-IV: Locus Diagrams and Resonance

The document discusses locus diagrams and resonance in electrical circuits. It provides examples of admittance and impedance locus diagrams for series and parallel circuits. Resonance is defined as the condition when a circuit's input impedance is purely resistive. Key properties of series and parallel resonance are described, including maximum current and unity power factor at resonance. Equations for resonant frequency, quality factor, and bandwidth are given. Several problems are presented on determining resonant frequencies, currents, impedances, and quality factors for series and parallel RLC circuits.

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Ragha Ramoju
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875 views34 pages

UNIT-IV: Locus Diagrams and Resonance

The document discusses locus diagrams and resonance in electrical circuits. It provides examples of admittance and impedance locus diagrams for series and parallel circuits. Resonance is defined as the condition when a circuit's input impedance is purely resistive. Key properties of series and parallel resonance are described, including maximum current and unity power factor at resonance. Equations for resonant frequency, quality factor, and bandwidth are given. Several problems are presented on determining resonant frequencies, currents, impedances, and quality factors for series and parallel RLC circuits.

Uploaded by

Ragha Ramoju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-IV: Locus Diagrams and Resonance

Locus Diagrams:

* Circuits with one variable element are conveniently analyzed by the use of
admittance locus diagrams.

* Since I=YV and applied voltage 'V' is generally constant, the Y-locus describes the
variation of 'I' as the variable element is changed.

Impedance locus of series connected elements:

R
R

Admittance locus of series connected elements:

R
R
R
Admittance locus of parallel connected elements:
Impedance locus of parallel connected elements:
Problem: Draw the admittance and current locus for the circuit shown below.

Solution:
Since I=YV and applied voltage 'V' is generally constant, the Y-locus describes the
variation of 'I' as the variable element is changed.

Therefore, taking applied voltage as reference the current locus can be drawn as

Problem: Obtain the current locus for the circuit shown below.

Solution:
Problem: Obtain the current locus for the circuit shown below.

Solution:
Problem: Find the value of R which results in resonance for the circuit shown below. Draw
Y-locus to explain the results.

Solution:
Problem: Obtain the current locus for the circuit shown below and find the value of R which
results in a phase angle of 45 between V and I.

Solution:
Resonance: In a two-terminal electrical network containing at least one inductor
and one capacitor, resonance is defined as the condition which exists when the
input impedance of the network is purely resistive.

Thus, a network is in resonance (or resonant) when the voltage and current at the
network input terminals are in phase (or) power factor offered by the network is
unity.

A maximum amplitude response is produced in the network under resonant


condition.

Series Resonance:
Properties of resonance of series RLC circuit.

(i) The net reactance offered by the circuit under resonance is zero. Thus, the circuit
behaves like a purely resistive circuit under resonance.

(ii) The circuit offers minimum impedance, maximum admittance and unity power
factor at resonance.

(iii) The current flowing in the circuit is maximum at resonance.

(iv) Applied voltage and the current injected into the circuit are in phase.

(v) Resonant frequency is expressed as

|Z|, R, XL, XC versus frequence characteristics


Variation of phase angle in series RLC circuit

Problem: For the circuit shown below determine the value of capacitive reactance and
impedance at resonance

Solution:

Problem: Determine the resonant frequency for the circuit shown below.

Solution:
Problem: A 50 ohms resistor is connected in series with an inductor having internal resistance,
a capacitor and 100 V variable frequency supply as shown in figure below. At a
frequency of 200 Hz, a maximum current of 0.7 A flows through the circuit and
voltage across the capacitor is 200 V. Determine the circuit constants.

Solution:
Quality factor (Q) is the ratio of the reactive power in the inductor or capacitor to the
true power in the resistance in series with the coil or capacitor.

It is mathetically expressed as

It is also known as 'Magnification', which is defined as the ratio of the voltage across
the inductor or capacitor to the applied voltage at resonance.

Quality factor is also defined as the ratio of resonant frequency to the bandwidth.

Resonant frequency is the geometric mean of half-power frequencies. That is,


Problem: The series RLC circuit shown below is connected across a variable frequency supply.
Calculate (i) resonant frequency, (ii) half-power frequencies, (iii) band width and
(iv) quality factor.

Solution:

Problem: The series RLC circuit shown below is connected across a variable frequency supply.
Calculate (i) resonant frequency, (ii) half-power frequencies, (iii) band width and
(iv) quality factor.

Solution:
Parallel Resonance:
Quality factor (Q) is the ratio of the reactive power in the inductor or capacitor to the
true power in the resistance in series with the coil or capacitor.

It is mathetically expressed as
It is also known as 'Magnification', which is defined as the ratio of the current through
the inductor to the current supplied by the source at resonance.

Quality factor is also defined as the ratio of resonant frequency to the bandwidth.

Resonant frequency is the geometric mean of half-power frequencies. That is,


Problem: Find the resonant frequency for the ideal parallel LC circuit shown below.

Solution:

Problem: For the paralel circuit shown below find the resonant frequency.

Solution:
Problem: For the paralel circuit shown below find the resonant frequency.

Solution:

Problem: A 400 V, 50 Hz supply feeds energy to a parallel circuit consisting of a 10 30 ohms


branch and a 10 - 60 ohms branch. Determine the impedance of a circuit element
such that, if connected in series with the source, the system comes at resonance.

Solution:
Problem: Determine the resonant frequency, dynamic resistance and bandwidth in the
circuit shown below.

Solution:
Problem: The parallel RLC circuit shown below is connected across a variable frequency supply.
Calculate (i) resonant frequency, (ii) currents in all the branches at resonance,
(iii) half-power frequencies, (iv) band width and (iv) quality factor.

Solution:

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