Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the study

Teenage pregnancy is a global issue that must be addressed in order to alleviate the

challenges of maternal adolescent childbirth, particularly in third-world countries. In

fact, it has become one of South Asia's most serious public health issues Raj et al.,

(2010). According to a research done by the National Demographic and Health

Survey (2013), one out of every five young Filipino women between the ages of 15

and 19 is already a mother or expecting her first child.

Teenage pregnancy and childbirth are linked to higher dropout rates among

females in high school, higher health-care and foster-care expenses, and a wide

spectrum of developmental issues in children born to teen moms. Currently there are

a number of initiatives being implemented through the support of the government

and other organizations to better address the issue of teen pregnancy.

Social analysts and academics identified some of the reasons why adolescent

pregnancies have been rising despite government and non-governmental measures.

Thus, the causes range from socioeconomic level (Dulita, Nalika, Upul, Crishantha &

De Alwis, 2013), lack of education (Eloundou-Enyegue, 2004), teenagers' initiation to

sexual activity (Grace, Ihuoma & Temitope, 2013), and familial circumstances

(Grace, Ihuoma & Temitope, 2013). A history of adolescent births (Wall-Wieler,

Ross, & Nickel, 2016), and so forth.

We conducted this study so that Laguna Senior High School students could

utilize the knowledge to assist guide the effective implementation of evidence-based

practices to prevent teen pregnancies, such as deciding which risk and protective

factors to focus on.

Statement of the Problem

This study will address the problem of the Awareness of the Selected

Students of the Laguna Senior High School about the Teenage Pregnancy in the

School Year 2021-2022.

Specifically, it aims the answer the following questions.

1. What is the perceptions of Senior High School Students about the Teenage

Pregnancy?

2. What are the struggles that a teen parent may encounter?

3. How do teenagers deal with all of the consequences of being a teen parent?

Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the awareness of the selected Senior High School

students about Teenage Pregnancy in the school year 2021-2022.

There are 6 selected respondents. The Senior high school students that are

included in this research are the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) and Accounting Business and

Management (ABM). This study will find out the SHS student’s awareness about

Teenage pregnancy in the school year 2021-2022.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine how much selected Laguna Senior

High School students are aware of teenage pregnancy among Laguna Senior High

School students. This study's findings are beneficial to students and out-of-school
adolescents, parents, teachers, and school administrators. This research will aid

students who are still in school by providing information on the causes and

consequences of teenage pregnancy. This study will also benefit out-of-school youth

by raising awareness about the importance of knowing about teen pregnancy and

not getting pregnant or getting someone pregnant as a teen. This study will also

benefit parents by allowing them to recognize their important role in educating their

children about teenage pregnancy and safeguarding and diverting them from early

sex.

Furthermore, this study will benefit teachers and school administrators

because it will inform them about the importance of education in the development of

children into adults, as well as the importance of understanding the major factors that

lead to early pregnancy. Moreover, this study may lead to a better understanding of

students' attitudes toward teen pregnancy. In addition, the researchers believed that

the findings of this study would be useful to future researchers as well as anybody

interested in learning more about teenage pregnancy, its causes, and potential

consequences for their scholastic development.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter deals with the review of related literature and studies. Several reading

materials were gathered in order to obtain useful information about the current study.

RELATED LITERATURE

Causes of Teenage Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy in the Philippines has been steadily increasing over

a 35-year period, measured as the proportion of women who began

childbearing in their teen years. According to Josefina (2013) health survey and

the most recent results of the 2011 Family Health Survey.

Teenage pregnancy is complicated, and a variety of circumstances contribute

to it. One of these elements is the often overwhelming effect of close friends.

According to a study by Agustino et al. (2014), adolescent females who had friends

who engaged in early sexual conduct were more likely to do so themselves than their

counterparts who did not. Peers have a higher level of influence than parents.

Another reason why teen pregnancy is disproportionately common in low-income

families is that poverty forces young girls to engage in sex for money. Financial and

family troubles have been linked to premature sex and teenage pregnancy,

according to Pogoy et al. (2014).

Impact of Teenage Pregnancy in Educational Attainment

Teenage pregnancy obliterates many of a young girl's life options, including

school, job, and a higher income. Teenagers who become pregnant are more likely
to drop out of school or fall behind their peers in terms of education (Azevedo et al.,

2012; Ferre, Gerstenblüth, Rossi, & Triunfo, 2013). Teenage mothers who drop out

of school or do not pursue further education have fewer options (Mesa & Torres,

2016). Pregnancy among teenagers has resulted in lower educational achievement

(Barmao-Kiptanui et al., 2015).

RELATED STUDIES

Causes of Teenage Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy is on the rise in the Philippines, and because of its

socioeconomic ramifications, it has now become a major public health concern. This

study attempted to gain a deep understanding of the root causes and psychological

factors that may be associated with teenage pregnancy using Bronfenbrenner's

ecological model, which conceptualizes that ecological space operates at different

system levels, each of which is incorporated in the next. Most scholars have clearly

concentrated on the phenomenon's outcomes rather than its fundamental causes.

Some theories have been proposed; for example, Salvador, Sauce, Alvarez, and

Rosario's (2016) study hypothesized that technology and a lack of teenage sexual

reproductive health education exacerbate the teen pregnancy phenomena. Also,

Acharya, Bhattarai, Poobalan, and Chapman (2014) suggested that low education,

poor family structures, and underutilization of health facilities contribute to teenage

pregnancy. Studies have mostly been done in developed countries (Serquina-

Ramiro, 2014). However, few researchers have given attention to the root causes of

teenage pregnancy and the psychological consequences that accompany it in the

Philippines. Low education, poor family structures, and underuse of health facilities,

according to Acharya, Bhattarai, Poobalan, and Chapman (2014), all contribute to

teenage pregnancy. The majority of studies have been conducted in wealthy

countries (Serquina-Ramiro, 2014). In the Philippines, however, few studies have

looked at the causes of adolescent pregnancy and the psychological problems that

come with it.

Initially, much of the research on the causes of adolescent sexual activity was

centered on the individual. Teenage influence has both physical and psychological

characteristics. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in contextual variables.

Aspects of the adolescent's surroundings, such as the community and school. This

study has consistently discovered that the community in which teens live has an

impact on their sexual behavior. Adolescents who grow up in communities with more

social disorganization and fewer economic resources are more likely to engage in

sex and become pregnant at a young age. The level of education, unemployment

rate, and income level of the adults in the community are all linked to adolescent

sexual behavior.

Poverty, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries, is a serious

problem that has a significant cyclical and compounding effect on educational

attainment and the rate of adolescent pregnancy (Ferre et al., 2013). Education

affects the life of individuals regardless of their social status and, those who live in

low- and lower-middle-income countries receive a lower education than those in

higher–income countries (Ferre et al., 2013 According to the World Bank (2019), the

vast majority of the world's poor are uneducated rural youth under the age of 18, who

lack opportunities and rely on agricultural labor. Poverty restricts freedom,

opportunities, and resources while also fostering powerlessness, exclusion, and

vulnerability. Such vulnerabilities can exacerbate the conditions for illiteracy and

adolescent pregnancy.
Effects of Teenage Pregnancy in Educational Attainment

The purpose of this research is to conduct a systematic review of the impact

of educational attainment on adolescent pregnancy in low- and lower-middle-income

countries. The link between low and lower-middle-income countries and teen

pregnancies emphasizes the high rate of adolescent mothers in various parts of the

world Azevedo et al (2012). Previous research has concentrated on adolescent

pregnancy, education, and poverty. However, no attempt has been made to

investigate the relationship between these concepts. We examine empirical literature

on teenage pregnancy and education in low- and lower-middle-income countries

because teenagers are more vulnerable to pregnancy complications, particularly

when resources are scarce Azevedo et al., (2012). The findings of this study could

help social workers design effective programs and policies for teenage girls in low-

and lower-middle-income countries, potentially leading to better life opportunities.

Furthermore, while there is a general understanding of the relationship between

education and teenage pregnancy risk, such generalizations rarely account for the

threats to internal validity. In general, literature reviews suffer from selection bias.

This study makes a unique contribution by addressing issues with the validity and

reliability of previous research on adolescent pregnancy and education using

preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and

assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) guidelines, which provide a

scientific approach to assessing the level of bias in well-known and well-accepted

findings in the field of social science.

 Educational attainment and adolescent pregnancy are linked factors. In their

study, Barmao-Kiptanui et al. (2015) discovered that 86 percent of their participants

in Bungoma, Kenya, agreed that teenage pregnancy leads to a poorer educational

outcome. In addition to pregnancy resulting in lower educational attainment, parents'

reactions to their adolescent daughter's pregnancy played a role in her educational

attainment; pregnant teenagers with supportive parents were able to advance further

in their educational career than their counterparts. Ayuba and Gani (2012) conducted

a 4-year retrospective study in which they reviewed hospital records from a Nigerian

hospital and compared 83 teenage pregnancies of girls aged 13 to 19 years old with

pregnancies of randomly selected pregnant women aged 20 to 32 years old. They

discovered that most of the teenage mothers had lower educational attainment and

were more vulnerable to pregnancy and birth complications, caesarean sections, and

even death than the older subjects. Neal et al. (2015) discovered similar results to

Ayuba and Gani's study. Neal et al. conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in

three east African countries, using data from demographic and household surveys as

well as multiple indicator cluster surveys to assess adolescent pregnancy

characteristics such as age of motherhood, marital status, wealth, education, state or

region, urban/rural residence, and religion (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania). They

discovered that younger girls who become pregnant are particularly vulnerable to

complications and health risks during pregnancy and birth. Furthermore, younger

adolescent first births are more common in less educated girls and poorer areas,

particularly among adolescent mothers under the age of 16. Furthermore, there is a

strong link between adolescent motherhood, a lack of education and literacy, and

poverty (Neal et al., 2015).

 Social workers should focus on education policy development in low- and

lower-middle-income countries in order to postpone adolescent pregnancy. Young

girls require assistance to remain in school, which could reduce some of the societal

burden of teen pregnancy perpetuating poverty while also increasing young women's

human capital and chances of success in their communities. If young women's

teenage pregnancy is postponed and they are able to increase their education and

human capital, the eventual outcome of their future families improves, which can

help them rise out of poverty. Policies should also address any barriers that young

girls may face in accessing education or attending school. This could address issues

unrelated to adolescent pregnancy or education, such as the barriers that girls face

in their families and communities in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

Furthermore, older girls and young women, particularly those who have given birth,

should be provided with opportunities for continued education and job training.

Women may be given an opportunity to advance economically as a result of this. We

discovered that low socioeconomic status is a factor in the rise of teen pregnancy.

As a result, increasing a young woman's economic means and opportunities may aid

in the reduction of poverty and the prevention of early pregnancy.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method used, population and sample size,

sampling technique, description of the respondents, instrumentation, and data

gathering procedures.

Research Method Used

The descriptive research design was employed in this study to learn more

about the awareness of teenage pregnancy among the students at Laguna Senior

High School in the school year 2021–2022. Through using this type of research the

researcher will gathered more information or data on the perception of the students

in the said topic.

According to Mccombes (2019), descriptive research is a type of research

design that seeks information in order to systematically describe a phenomenon,

situation, or population. It specifically assists in answering the what, when, where,

and how questions about the research problem, rather than the why.

Population and Sample Size

This study's population consisted of Laguna Senior High School students, and the

researcher only chose six (6) selected students to complete the questionnaire.

According to Zamboni (2008), sample size is the number of individual samples or

observations in any statistical setting, such as a scientific experiment or a public

opinion survey.

Sampling Technique

Convenience sampling was chosen by the researchers because the participants are

readily and easily available. This study included Laguna Senior High School

students. A convenience sampling technique was used to select participants. We

used the convenience sampling technique based on our predetermined criteria of

senior high school students with interests related to our research.

According to Crossman, Ashley (2020). A convenience sample is a non-

probability sample in which the researcher uses the subjects that are nearest and

available to participate in the research study. This technique is also referred to as

"accidental sampling," and is commonly used in pilot studies prior to launching a

larger research project.

Description of Respondents

The subjects in this study were 16-18 year old Laguna Senior High School

students in the school year of 2021-2022. The study's respondents were 6 (six)

senior high school students chosen by the researchers. They are the ones who must

respond to the problems posted in our research. They are also the ones who can

provide us with the information we require.

Instrumentation
 The survey tool used in the study is a questionnaire that aims to specifically

determine the awareness and knowledge of the selected Laguna Senior High School

students about Teenage Pregnancy. Researchers select this survey tool because it

can generate valid and reliable questions that address our research objectives,

arrange them in a useful order, and choose an appropriate method of administration.

As stated by Bhandari (2022) that a questionnaire is a list of questions or

items used to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or

opinions. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative

information.

Data Gathering Procedures

After determining the validity and reliability of the data collection method, the

researchers began developing study-specific questions. Six questionnaires will be

distributed to the survey's chosen respondents and must be completed and returned

successfully. The respondents' identities will be kept anonymous in accordance with

the agreement reached between the respondents and the researchers.

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data in

order to determine the Awareness of the Selected Senior High School Students

about the Teenage Pregnancy in the School Year 2021-2022.

Table 1

Raw Data Management

This process focused on removing the unusable and irrelevant words. In order

to have a meaningful units of data.

Legend: The words or sentences that is written in bold were unusable words.

Q1. What is your perceptions as a Senior High School Students about the

Teenage Pregnancy?

R1. It is now widespread. For example, I would be surprised if a friend informed

me that one of our high school batchmates was pregnant. I can't imagine myself or

anyone my age becoming parents. However, there is no hatred.

 R2. My perception as a Senior High School Student about teenage pregnancy is

that it should not be normalize by the current and next generation of teenager so it

would lessen the cases of this issue around the world. Sex Education must be

taught in schools so that students would have an awareness about the

consequences and problems to be faced in teenage pregnancy. I believed that

spreading this information would help the teenagers to decide better in this type of

issue.

R3. My perception about the teenage pregnancy is that maybe some of them lacks

some parental guidance from their parents.

R4. Schools should teach sex education to students/teenagers for them to have

awareness about pregnancy.

R5. As a senior high school student, wherein our ages are approaching to legality,

teenage pregnancy for me is an important matter that most of my co-students are

facing. As being a parent in such a young age, there are a long list of negative

impact that it can give especially for students.

R6. For me, it's like a virus that still currently spreading and we as an individual

must be aware of it, we should think wise before we get involved in any

relationship. Because at the end of the day it's better to feel first the difficulties

than a pleasure one.

R1. It is now widespread. For example, I would be surprised if a friend informed

me that one of our high school batchmates was pregnant. I can't imagine

myself or anyone my age becoming parents. However, there is no hatred.

R2. My perception as a Senior High School Student about teenage pregnancy is that

it should not be normalize by the current and next generation of teenager so it would

lessen the cases of this issue around the world. Sex Education must be taught in

schools so that students would have an awareness about the consequences and

problems to be faced in teenage pregnancy. I believed that spreading this

information would help the teenagers to decide better in this type of issue.

R3. My perception about the teenage pregnancy is that maybe some of them lacks

some parental guidance from their parents.

R4. Schools should teach sex education to students/teenagers for them to have

awareness about pregnancy.

R5. As a senior high school student, wherein our ages are approaching to legality,

teenage pregnancy for me is an important matter that most of my co-students are

facing. As being a parent in such a young age, there are a long list of negative

impact that it can give especially for students

R6. For me, it's like a virus that still currently spreading and we as an individual must

be aware of it, we should think wise before we get involved in any relationship.

Because at the end of the day it's better to feel first the difficulties than a pleasure

one.

Table 2

Q2. What may be the struggles that a teen parent may encounter?

R1. Financial. Being a teen parent without a diploma, even in senior high school,

was difficult because you didn't know where you'd get the money to care for the

child.
 R2. The struggles that teen parent may encounter is financial unstable, lost of

tracks in academics, STDs from sexual orientation, social status, etc.

R3. - They may not be mature enough to be a parent.

- Financial problems.

- In some situations, some of them were not able to study/graduate.

- Without the help of their parents/ relatives raising their child will be difficult.

R4. Time management and lack of knowledge

R5. As being a teen comes with some sort of immaturity not just mentally but also

physically, it will really be one of the struggles that a teen parent will face. As being

young and is still a student, that means that you are not yet financially capable.

Also, the sense of responsibility of being a parent might be a bit overboard for a

teen. And lastly is the burden of taking care of a human being and guiding them

while growing up when you yourself still needed to be guided.

R6. Problems in financials as well as a guidance from a matured parenting.

R1. Financial. Being a teen parent without a diploma, even in senior high school,

was difficult because you didn't know where you'd get the money to care for the

child.

R2. The struggles that teen parent may encounter is financial unstable, lost of tracks

in academics, STDs from sexual orientation, social status, etc.

R3. - They may not be mature enough to be a parent.

- Financial problems.

- In some situations, some of them were not able to study/graduate.

- Without the help of their parents/ relatives raising their child will be difficult.

R4. Time management and lack of knowledge

R5. As being a teen comes with some sort of immaturity not just mentally but also

physically, it will really be one of the struggles that a teen parent will face. As being

young and is still a student, that means that you are not yet financially capable.

Also, the sense of responsibility of being a parent might be a bit overboard for a

teen. And lastly is the burden of taking care of a human being and guiding them

while growing up when you yourself still needed to be guided.

R6. Problems in financials as well as a guidance from a matured parenting.

Table 3

Q3. As a student, How do you think teenagers deal with all of the consequences of

being a teen parent?

R1. Being accountable. Being responsible means that the parent should work and

provide the child with the love that it requires.

R2. I think that some of the teen parents relies on their own parents to support

them mentally and provide financial support to raise their child. I also think that

some of the teen parents only relies on their own such as finding jobs alone to gain

some money for their child, and multi tasking just for them to survive the hardships

of being a teen mother.

R3. In my opinion not all of them will be able to handle all of their responsibilities

and just run away from it however, there will be some of them who are mature

enough and is ready to face all of their responsibilities as a teen parent. With this,

they will be able to deal with their consequences by knowing what situation they're

in and that they are responsible of raising their child, and they needed to be with
 each other especially in their situation.

R4. They seek help and knowledge to they parents

R5. As bearing the consequences of your actions is one of the principles or values

that is being taught to every teenager, they must be ready to face the

consequences of their own actions by being a capable teen parent. They must

ready themselves as they are one chapter ahead than what the normal teenager

experiences. Seeking help from adults specifically their own parents might be the

action that they'll first do to be able to deal with the consequences of being a teen

parent.

R6. From the day that they give birth on their child they will experience the

different problems as a teen parents in their own.

R1. Being accountable. Being responsible means that the parent should work and

provide the child with the love that it requires

R2. I think that some of the teen parents relies on their own parents to support them

mentally and provide financial support to raise their child. I also think that some of

the teen parents only relies on their own such as finding jobs alone to gain some

money for their child, and multi tasking just for them to survive the hardships of being

a teen mother.

R3. In my opinion not all of them will be able to handle all of their responsibilities

and just run away from it however, there will be some of them who are mature

enough and is ready to face all of their responsibilities as a teen parent. With this,

they will be able to deal with their consequences by knowing what situation they're in
and that they are responsible of raising their child, and they needed to be with each

other especially in their situation.

R4. They seek help and knowledge to they parents.

R5. As bearing the consequences of your actions is one of the principles or values

that is being taught to every teenager, they must be ready to face the consequences

of their own actions by being a capable teen parent. They must ready themselves as

they are one chapter ahead than what the normal teenager experiences. Seeking

help from adults specifically their own parents might be the action that they'll first do

to be able to deal with the consequences of being a teen parent.

R6. From the day that they give birth on their child they will experience the

different problems as a teen parents in their own.

Table 4

Data Reduction I and II

This process focused on preliminary classification schemes, emerge.

Categorize raw data into groupings.

Q1. What is your perceptions as a Senior High School Students about the

Teenage Pregnancy?

R1. It is now widespread. For example, I would be surprised if a friend

informed me that one of our high school batchmates was pregnant. I can't

imagine myself or anyone my age becoming parents. However, there is no

hatred.

R2. My perception as a Senior High School Student about teenage pregnancy is

 that it should not be normalize by the current and next generation of teenager so it

would lessen the cases of this issue around the world. Sex Education must be

taught in schools so that students would have an awareness about the

consequences and problems to be faced in teenage pregnancy. I believed that

spreading this information would help the teenagers to decide better in this type of

issue.

R3. My perception about the teenage pregnancy is that maybe some of them

lacks some parental guidance from their parents.

R4. Schools should teach sex education to students/teenagers for them to have

awareness about pregnancy.

R5. As a senior high school student, wherein our ages are approaching to legality,

teenage pregnancy for me is an important matter that most of my co-students are

facing. As being a parent in such a young age, there are a long list of negative

impact that it can give especially for students

R6. For me, it's like a virus that still currently spreading and we as an individual

must be aware of it, we should think wise before we get involved in any

relationship. Because at the end of the day it's better to feel first the difficulties

than a pleasure one.

R1. The respondent stated that it is now widespread.

R2.R3 R4.R5. The respondents believes that proper sex education should be taught

to young people, because of their parents' lack of parental guidance

R6. The respondent stated that we, as individuals, must be aware of it.
 Table 5

Q2. What may be the struggles that a teen parent may encounter?

R1. Financial. Being a teen parent without a diploma, even in senior high school,

was difficult because you didn't know where you'd get the money to care for the

child.

R2. The struggles that teen parent may encounter is financial unstable, lost of

tracks in academics, STDs from sexual orientation, social status, etc.

R3. - They may not be mature enough to be a parent.

- Financial problems.

- In some situations, some of them were not able to study/graduate.

- Without the help of their parents/ relatives raising their child will be difficult.

R4. Time management and lack of knowledge

R5. As being a teen comes with some sort of immaturity not just mentally but also

physically, it will really be one of the struggles that a teen parent will face. As being

young and is still a student, that means that you are not yet financially capable.

Also, the sense of responsibility of being a parent might be a bit overboard for a

teen. And lastly is the burden of taking care of a human being and guiding them

while growing up when you yourself still needed to be guided.

R6. Problems in financials as well as a guidance from a matured parenting.

R1. The respondent stated that being a teen parent is difficult because you don't

know where you will get money for the child's needs.
R2.R3. The respondents stated that being a teen parent was financially unstable,

that some of them were unable to study, and that raising their child without the

assistance of their parents would be difficult.

R4.R5.R6. The respondents stated that they are a lack of knowledge and a lack of

time management. One of the difficulties that teen parents will face is immaturity, not

only mentally but also physically, as well as financial difficulties.

Table 6

Q3. As a student , how do you think teenagers deal with all of the consequences of

being a teenparent?

R1. Being accountable. Being responsible means that the parent should work and

provide the child with the love that it requires

R2. I think that some of the teen parents relies on their own parents to support

them mentally and provide financial support to raise their child. I also think that

some of the teen parents only relies on their own such as finding jobs alone to gain

some money for their child, and multi tasking just for them to survive the hardships

of being a teen mother.

R3. In my opinion not all of them will be able to handle all of their responsibilities

and just run away from it however, there will be some of them who are mature

enough and is ready to face all of their responsibilities as a teen parent. With this,

they will be able to deal with their consequences by knowing what situation they're

in and that they are responsible of raising their child, and they needed to be with

each other especially in their situation.

R4. They seek help and knowledge to they parents.

 R5. As bearing the consequences of your actions is one of the principles or values

that is being taught to every teenager, they must be ready to face the

consequences of their own actions by being a capable teen parent. They must

ready themselves as they are one chapter ahead than what the normal teenager

experiences. Seeking help from adults specifically their own parents might be the

action that they'll first do to be able to deal with the consequences of being a teen

parent.

R6. From the day that they give birth on their child they will experience the

different problems as a teen parents in their own.

R1. According to the respondent, being accountable means working and providing

the child with the love that it requires.

R2.R3. The respondents believes that some teen parents rely on their own parents

to support them mentally and financially in order to raise their child. Not all of them

will be able to handle all of their responsibilities and will simply run away from it, but

there will be some of them who are mature enough and ready to face all of their

responsibilities as a teen parent.

R4.R5.R6. The respondents stated that they seek assistance and knowledge from

their parents, and that as capable teen parents, they must be prepared to face the

consequences of their own actions. As a teen parent, they will face a variety of

challenges from the moment they give birth to their child.

Table 7
 Data Interpretation

This process focused on assigning chunks of similarity labelled data into

clusters and assigning preliminary codes.

Q1. What is your perceptions as a Senior High School Students about the

Teenage Pregnancy?

R1. The Respondent answered that she would be surprised if some of her friends

informed her that one of her batch mates was pregnant. She can't see herself

being a parent.

R2. R3, R4, R5, R6 The Respondents answered that their perception as a Senior

High School Students about the Teenage Pregnancy, Sex Education must be

taught in schools so that students would have an awareness about the

consequences and problems to be faced in teenage pregnancy. Teenage

pregnancy is an important matter that most of my co-students are facing, as being

a parent at such a young age, there are a long list of negative impacts.

Cluster 1: (Widespread). The respondents said that teenage pregnancy is now

widespread.

Cluster 2: (Denormalized). The respondents said that teenage pregnancy should not

be normalized.

Cluster 3: (Parental Guidance). The respondent said that teenagers who undergo

teenage pregnancy may lack parental guidance.

Cluster 4: (Negative Impacts). The respondent said that teenage pregnancy has

along list of negative impacts.

Table 8

Q2. What may be the struggles that a teen parent may encounter?

R1. The Respondent answered that the struggles of a teen parent is financially

unstable, some of them were not able to study, they may not be mature enough to

be a parent.

R2, R3, R4, R5 All Respondents have the same answer. The struggles of being

teen parents are financial problems and time management and lack of knowledge.

Cluster 1: (Financially Unstable). The respondents said that being financially

unstable is one of the struggles that a teen parent may encounter.

Cluster 2: (Lack of Knowledge). The respondents said that the struggle of a teen

parent is a lack of knowledge in guiding and caring for a child, in responsibility, and

in academics

Table 9

Q3. As a student, how do you think teenagers deal with all of the consequences of

being a teen parent?

R1. The Respondent answered that being responsible means that the parents

should work and provide the child with the love that it requires.
 R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 The Respondents answered they believed that some teen

parents rely on their own parents to support them mentally and financially in order

to raise their child. They seek assistance and knowledge from their parents, and

that as capable teen parents, they must be repaired to face the consequences of

their own actions.

Cluster 1: (Responsible). The respondents said that being responsible is the way

teenagers deal with all the consequences of being a teen parent.

Cluster 2: (Help). The respondents said that seeking help and knowledge from their

parents is the way teenagers deal with the consequences of being a teen parent.

Cluster 3: (Jobs). The respondents said that teenagers deal with the consequences

of being a teen-parents by finding jobs to earn some money.

Table 10

Data Representation

This process focused on creating a meaning for those clusters with labels.

Q1. What are your perceptions as a Senior High School Students about the

Teenage Pregnancy?

Cluster 1: (Widespread) The respondents said that teenage pregnancy is now

widespread.

Cluster 2: (Denormalized) The respondents said that teenage pregnancy should

 not be normalized.

Cluster 3: (Parental Guidance) The respondent said that teenagers who undergo

teenage pregnancy may lack parental guidance.

Cluster 4: (Negative Impacts) The respondent said that teenage pregnancy has a

long list of negative impacts.

Out of the six respondents, two said that teenage pregnancy is widespread

and should not be normalized, one said that teenagers who undergo teenage

pregnancy may lack parental guidance, and one said that teenage pregnancy has a

lot of negative effects. That is supported by the foregoing literature by Josefina

(2013). Teenage pregnancy in the Philippines has been steadily increasing over a

35-year period, measured as the proportion of women who began childbearing in

their teen years. And Pogoy et al. (2014), financial and family troubles have been

linked to premature sex and teenage pregnancy.

Table 11

Q2. What may be the struggles that a teen parent may encounter?

Cluster 1: (Financially Unstable) The respondents said that being financially

unstable is one of the struggles that a teen parent may encounter.

Cluster 2: (Lack of Knowledge) The respondents said that the struggle of a teen

parent is a lack of knowledge in guiding and caring for a child, in responsibility, and

in academics.

From the findings above, the researchers found that the struggles that a teen

parent mostly encounters are being financially unstable and having a lack of
knowledge in almost everything, such as guiding a child while growing up, in the

responsibilities ahead of them, in their educational achievement, and the societal

burden of teenage pregnancy. This is supported by the foregoing literature of

Azevedo et al., 2012; Ferre, Gerstenblüth, Rossi, & Triunfo, 2013. Teenage

pregnancy obliterates many of a young girl's life options, including school, job, and a

higher income. Teenagers who become pregnant are more likely to drop out of

school or fall behind their peers in terms of education.

Table 12

Q3. As a student, how do you think teenagers deal with all of the consequences of

being a teen parent?

Cluster 1: (Responsible) The respondents said that being responsible is the way

teenagers deal with all the consequences of being a teen parent.

Cluster 2: (Help) The respondents said that seeking help and knowledge from their

parents is the way teenagers deal with the consequences of being a teen parent.

Cluster 3: (Jobs) The respondents said that teenagers deal with the consequences

of being a teen-parents by finding jobs to earn some money.

Two out of the six respondents answered that by being responsible is the way

of the teenagers to deal with all the consequences of being a teen-parent, while the

remaining four answered that teenagers deals with all the consequences of being a

teen-parent by seeking help and knowledge from their parents, as well as by finding

jobs and dealing with it on their own. This is supported by the foregoing studies of
Barmao-Kiptanui et al. (2015), parents' reactions to their adolescent daughter's

pregnancy played a role in her educational attainment; pregnant teenagers with

supportive parents were able to advance further in their educational career than their

counterparts. Also, there is a strong link between adolescent motherhood, a lack of

education and literacy, and poverty (Neal et al., 2015). Young girls require

assistance to remain in school, which could reduce some of the societal burden of

teen pregnancy perpetuating poverty while also increasing young women's human

capital and chances of success in their communities. Furthermore, older girls and

young women, particularly those who have given birth, should be provided with

opportunities for continued education and job training. Women may be given an

opportunity to advance economically as a result of this.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presented the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendation of the study.

General Summary

The purpose of the study was to determine the Awareness of the Selected

Senior High School Students about the Teenage Pregnancy in the School Year

2021-2022, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the perceptions of

Senior High School Students about the Teenage Pregnancy? 2. What are the

struggles that a teen parent may encounter? 3. How do teenagers deal with all of

the consequences of being a teen parent?

 The research design used in this study was the descriptive method of

research to determine the Awareness of the Selected Senior High School Students

about the Teenage Pregnancy in the School Year 2021-2022. Convenience

sampling was used to select six (6) students from the Laguna Senior High School

population. All data collected from respondents was interpreted by reading, re-

reading, categorizing, and coding the information.

Summary of Findings

The following findings were based on the gathered, analyzed, and interpreted data:

1. According to senior high school students, teenage pregnancy should be

recognized as a societal burden because it is widespread and has a variety of

negative consequences not only for teenagers but also for society. Proper sex

education should be taught in schools because of the lack of parental

guidance.

2. A teen parent may face financial difficulties as well as a lack of knowledge in

guiding a child and the responsibility that lies ahead of them.

3. Teen parents deal with the consequences of being a teen parent by being

responsible, finding jobs and dealing with them on their own, as well as by

seeking help and knowledge from their parents.

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing findings the following conclusion were drawn.

1. It should not be normalized. Instead, sex education should be taught not only

in schools but also at home.

2. It’s always a financial issue, and they're not prepared as parents.

 3. Their parental responsibility and acceptance of the consequences of their

actions.

Recommendations

The following recommendations were made after the findings of conclusions.

1. Conducting awareness programs to students and parents to educate

everyone about teenage pregnancy which could not only be applied in school

lessons, but in real-life situations as well.

2. Sex Education must be taught in school so that students would have an

awareness about teenage pregnancy.

3. Proper sex education should be taught in schools because of the lack of

parental guidance.

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