Q3-HEALTH 5.

Look for signs of circulation

Unintentional Injury, Prevention, Safety and First Aid VITAL SIGNS
THE BASIC OF FIRST AID • are measures of various physiological statistics
FIRST AID taken in order to assess the most basic body
• Is an immediate and temporary care given to a functions. (Body temperature, pulse rate or
person who suddenly gets ill or injured. heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory
• It includes self-help and home care if medical rate.)
assistance is not available or delayed. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS?
• It can mean the difference between life and SIGNS
death in extreme cases. • are details discovered by applying your senses
• However, We must know the limits of the first – sight, touch, hearing and smell during the
aid course of the examination.
• Anyone who gives first aid is a FIRST AIDER Ex: Bleeding; Swelling and Deformities
ROLES OF FIRST AID SYMPTOMS
1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and • are sensations that the victim feels or
the physician. experiences and maybe able to describe.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the Example: Nausea, Vomiting, Heat and Impaired
place of the services of the physician. sensations
3. It ends when the services of the physician begins 1. PRIMARY SURVEY
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID • it is used when the victim is unconscious and to
1. To save lives find out and immediately treat life-threatening
2. To prolong life conditions.
3. To alleviate suffering 2.SECONDARY SURVEY
4. To prevent further injury • It is used when the victim is conscious or has
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER revived. It aims to detect everything about the
1. Gentle – does not cause pain and panic patient’s condition.
2. Observant – notices all signs PRIMARY SURVEY
3. Resourceful – make the best use of things at A. CHECK FOR CONSCIOUSNESS
hand • Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?” while
4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim carefully shaking the victim’s shoulder.
5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the • If there is no response the victim need
victim immediate medical help.
PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID B. OPEN THE AIRWAY
DOS IN GIVING FIRST AID • Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim and
1. DO stay calm look for any obstruction in the victim’s airway.
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim. C. CHECK FOR BREATHING
3. DO check for a medical bracelet indicating a • Put your face near the victim’s mouth look,
condition, such as epilepsy or diabetes. listen, and feel for breathing.
4. DO loosen any tight clothing. • You should observe for: Chest movement, sound
5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce shock. of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek.
DON’TS IN GIVING FIRST AID D. CHECK FOR CIRCULATION
1.DON’T give food and drink to an unconscious person • Locate pulse using your middle and index
2. DON’T move an injured person unless you need to finger.
place him/her in the recovery position • To revive circulation, perform CPR (Cardio
STEPS IN ASSESING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Pulmonary Resucitation) immediately.
1. Is anyone in danger? SECONDARY SURVEY
2. Move to the quietest victim A. HISTORY TAKING
3. Open the airway • SAMPLE PAIN - is the mnemonic in order to
4. Check for breathing perform the steps more easily.
 • S- Symptoms • Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get immediate
• A- Allergy medical assistance.
• M- Medication 5. BACK
• P- Previous illness • Is there movement in the victim’s lower
• L- Last meal extremities?
• E- Events prior to what happened • Is there sensation in these parts? If the answer
• P- Period of pain is yes, do not move the victim. Immobilize him/
• A- Area her.
• I- Intensity TOP 10 THINGS TO DO IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES
• N- Nullify 1. Shout for HELP !
B. CHECKING FOR VITAL SIGNS 2. Survey the scene and asses the situations
A. PULSE RATE 3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the
• Use your fingertips in getting the pulse, place it nearest hospital
in an artery. 4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim need it,
B. TEMPERATURE begin CPR right away.
• It is being important to monitor temperature in 5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
the case of stroke and high fever. (Rectum, Oral 6. Treat any symptoms of shock
or Axillary) 7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim
C. RESPIRATION 8. Seek trained medical assistance
• A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in 9. Never give anything by mouth to an
breathing may mean an asthma attack unconscious victim
• A gurgling or snoring noise means difficulty in 10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive
breathing. DRESSING AND BANDAGES
D. SKIN COLOR DRESSING
• Skin color reflects the circulation of blood. • Is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to
• A healthy skin that warm and pink prevent infection and to stop bleeding.
C. HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION THREE MAIN TYPES OF BANDAGES
1. HEAD AND NECK TRIANGULAR BANDAGES
• Are there any lacerations or contusions in the • is made from cloth and can be used as cold
area? compress, padding, support for pressure, or
• Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose and ears, support sling.
the victim has a skull fracture. ACE BANDAGES
2. EYES • secures dressing in place.
- Dilated Pupil = State of shock TUBULAR BANDAGES
- Very small pupils = Poison or Drugs • is used to support joints or hold dressings in
- Different size = Head injury place.
- Small and bright = Pupils are Reactive TWO PHASES OF BANDAGING
- No Reaction = DEATH OPEN PHASE BANDAGING
3. CHEST • is used for wounds on top and back of the head,
• Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations and other chest, hand, and foot, and as arm sling.
impairments. CRAVAT PHASE BANDAGING
• If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure • is used for wounds that need extra support.
onto his/her chest, there could be a rib fracture. HOW TO DO A SQUARE KNOT?
• If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure • Right over left, left over right.
onto his/her chest, there could be a rib fracture. WOUNDS
4. ABDOMEN • Is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the
• Does the victim’s abdomen hurt? Where is the body. It also called hematoma or contusions.
pain coming from?
• Is his/her abdomen tender?
KINDS OF OPEN WOUNDS TWO-MAN CARRY
PUNCTURE -Is a piercing wound caused by nails, CHAIR OR SEAT CARRY
needles, and other pointed objects. • When there are two first aider and a chair is
ABRASION - Is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin available.
against a rough surface. THREE OR MORE-MAN TRANSPORT
INCISION -Is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any HAMMOCK CARRY
sharp objects. • When there are three first aider.
LACERATION - Is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft BEARER ALONG SIDE CARRY
tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools and • Carries will stay on the uninjured side of the
other accidents. victim
AVULSION - Is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away SIX MAN LIFT AND CARRY
of tissues • When there are six first aiders.
HOW TO MANAGE WOUNDS? FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
A. FOR MANAGEMENT OF HEMATOMA FRACTURE - is a break or crack in a bone.
R- Resting the injured part FIRST AID:
I- Ice Application 1. Check the vital signs
C- Compression 2. Do not move the injured part.
E- Elevate 3. Stop bleeding if there’s any.
B. FIRST AID FOR OPEN WOUNDS AND SEVERE 4. If you have to move the person, immobilized the
BLEEDING broken part by splinting.
1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary 5. Seek medical health immediately
to expose the wound. DISLOCATION - is a partial or complete displacement of
2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure. bones.
3. Elevate the injured part above the heart. FIRST AID:
CARRYING AND TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON 1. Call help immediately
FIRST AIDER MUST CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING 2. Splint the affected part
FACTORS: 3. Do not try to move a dislocated part or force it
A. Weight and height of the victim back.
B. Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious) 4. Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling.
C. Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or SPRAIN - is an injury to the ligaments of a bone due to
wide) accidental tearing or over stretching.
D. Special need consideration (injuries of victims) STRAIN - is an injury to the muscle which is a result of
ONE-MAN TRANSPORT improper use of muscle.
FIREMANS’ CARRY FIRST AID:
• The easiest way to transport a light and smaller 1. Rest the injured part
victim. 2. Ice application
PIGGYBACK 3. Compress the injured part
• When the victim is conscious. 4. Elevate the injured part
PACK STRAP CARRY HEAT EXHAUSTION - is a caused by less of salt and
• When the victim is smaller than the first aider. water to excessively high temperature.
SHOULDER DRAG FIRST AID:
• Used when the floor is smooth, short distance 1. Transport a victim to a cool place.
transport. 2. Give him/her plenty of water.
FIREMAN’S DRAG or TIED-HANDS CRAWL 3. Check the vital signs.
• Used when first aider and victim must crawl 4. Seek medical help.
underneath a low structure.
BLANKET DRAG
• Used when the victim is seriously injured and
should not be lifted.
FOOD POISONING - caused by consuming food or drink BURNS - Due to touching some hot surface or spilling
that is contaminated with bacteria or virus. boiling water on the skin.
FIRST AID: FIRST AID:
1. Help the person to lie down and rest. 1. For minor burns, flood the injured area with
2. Give him plenty of flavourless fluids to drink and cold water.
bowl to use if he vomits. 2. Put on gloves cover the area with sterile
3. Call for medical help if the condition worsen. bandage.
CHOKING - Result to a foreign objects blocks the throat. 3. For severe burns, help the person to lie down
FIRST AID: and prevent the burn area to touch the ground.
1. Ask the person if he is choking. Douse plenty of liquid.
2. Encourage him/her to cough. 4. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay
3. When the person cannot speak or stop medical help.
couching, give him 5 back blows. 5. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any
4. If the back blows fail, try abdominal thrust. accessories.
5. Check his mouth. If obstruction is not cleared. 6. Cover the burn area with bandage.
Repeat back blows and abdominal thrust. 7. Continue to monitor vital signs.
6. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an HEAT STROKE - it cause by a failure of the “thermostat”
ambulance. Continue until help in the brain to regular the body temperature.
DROWNING - happens when air cannot get into the FIRST AID:
lungs because of water. 1. Move person immediately to a cool place.
FIRST AID: 2. Remove as much outer clothing.
• Lay the person down on his back. 3. Call for medical help.
• Check breathing and open the airway. 4. Wrap the person under the tongue and armpit.
• Give rescue breaths and chest compression if 5. If the person has returned to normal
necessary. temperature, replace with a dry one.
• If the person is breathing, place him in the 6. Monitor vital signs until help arrives.
recovery position 7. If temperature rise, repeat cooling process
• Treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothing STROKE - is a condition in which the blood suddenly
and cover him with dry blanket. impaired by a blood clot.
HEART ATTACK - Is caused by a sudden obstruction of FIRST AID:
blood supply to the part of the heart muscles. 1. If the person is conscious, help him to lie down
FIRST AID: with his head and shoulders slightly raised and
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head supported.
elevated. 2. Incline his head to the affected side and place a
2. Call for medical help. towel on his shoulder.
3. If the person is conscious give her a full-dose 3. Call for help.
aspirin and advice her to chew it slowly. 4. Loosen any tight clothing.
4. Constantly monitor the vital signs. 5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim.
CHEMICAL BURNS - may occur when electricity passes 6. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue
through the body. breathing and chest compression.
FIRST AID: 7. Call for an ambulance or call for help.
1. Make sure that contact with electrical source is
broken.
2. Flood the sights of injury with plenty of called
water.
3. Wear disposable and place a sterile dressing
over the burn to protect from airborne
infection.
4. Call for medical help.