Entrepreneurship & SME Assignment
Entrepreneurship & SME Assignment
Faculty of Management
Human Resources Management
1 Introduction. ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 What is the meaning of developed country? ........................................................... 1
1.2 Criteria to accept to decide developed country. ..................................................... 2
2 Why Sri Lanka is not a developed country in the world? ............................................ 4
3 Importance of the role of entrepreneurship and SMEs. ............................................... 6
4 Barriers for development to entrepreneurship and SME in Sri Lanka. ..................... 9
5 Strategies for overcome to barriers for regarding entrepreneurship and SME....... 10
6 Conclusion. ...................................................................................................................... 11
7 References........................................................................................................................ 11
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1 Introduction.
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Above 7 countries define as group of seven is an international intergovernmental economic
organization consisting of seven major developed countries. G7 countries consists of the seven
biggest developed economies in the world. However, the G7 members shouldn’t be seen as the
only developed countries in the world. In fact, one can argue that other nations are even more
developed in terms of their democratic process, equality, social welfare and etc. China, New
Zealand, Australia those countries also we have to define as developed countries in the world.
As an example,
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Examples
Australia is one of the most developed countries in the world. the country's per
capita GDP, at $49,144 as of 2016, ranks well above any reasonable threshold for
developed country status. The country's infant mortality rate is three per 1,000 live
births, one of the lowest rates in the world. As of 2016, the HDI for Australia was 0.93,
one of the highest in the world (second only to Norway). The Land Down Under boasts
widespread industrialization, high literacy rates and quality health care for most of its
citizens.
Canada is a developed country. As the 11th-largest world economy, Canada has a
diverse economic base. It has a wealth of natural resources, including oil, gas, and coal.
As such, the country is able to support its own energy needs as well as export natural
resources to other countries. Canada's proximity to the United States and a favorable
exchange rate have also triggered a strong manufacturing climate in the country. Global
companies such as Procter & Gamble, General Motors, Ford and Honda are among
those that manufacture products in Canada. Canadians enjoy universal health care
coverage, with all residents having access to free medical care through a government-
provided program. Canada has a strong public-school system and highly-ranked
universities. In a recent study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), Canadian students demonstrated above-average math and
science performances, placing in the top 10 of all participants. Canada's top universities
include the University of Toronto, the University of British Columbia and McGill
University. Canada also boasts a generous national paid leave program for new parents.
With a robust economy, highly regarded educational institutions and a high standard of
living for its residents, Canada display the necessary attributes to make it a developed
country.
France is a developed country and has one of the world's largest economies. As of
2016, France has the world’s sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product
(GDP), and it is the fourth-largest nation in terms of aggregate household wealth. While
at $39,678, its GDP per capita is a bit lower than other European nations such as
Germany and Switzerland, its HDI is a robust 0.89. France is a founding member of
the Group of Seven (G-7), an international organization established in 1985 to ease
economic cooperation among the world's largest industrial nations. France has the
European Union’s second-largest economy by purchasing power parity (PPP), trailing
only Germany. France benefits from a diverse economy, featuring technology,
transportation, and agriculture. Featuring some of the world’s most famous art
museums and best cuisine, France is renowned for its culture. With 84 million visitors
annually, it ranks as the number one tourist destination in the world. The tourism
industry is responsible for 7% of the nation’s GDP.
Italy is a developed nation with extensive infrastructure, a rich cultural history,
and control over several exports. Italy has the eighth-highest nominal gross domestic
product (GDP) in the world at $1.16 trillion; the country's per capita GDP stands at
$35,896. Italy's manufacturing industry is very well-developed, and it is ranked sixth
in the world. In particular, Italy is known for producing high-quality luxury products,
such as fashion accessories, sports cars, and food products. It is the world's second-
largest producer of wine. Italy's largest export is cars, accounting for 3% of all exports.
Other notable exports include footwear, furniture, and precious metal jewelry. Sixty-
eight percent of Italy's 25 million workers are employed in service industries, while 4%
work in agriculture, which is a key indicator that the nation is developed. Standard &
Poor's has assigned the country a credit rating of BBB-. Italy alone accounts for 4.92%
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of the entire world's wealth, ranked fifth in the world for cumulative wealth. The
country's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.87 and is the 27th highest in the world.
Compare with economical biggest countries Sri Lanka is a still developing country. Sri Lanka
has a country with a long prideful history. But still Sri Lanka is a developing country compare
with other world developed countries. As a country Sri Lanka is a developing and lower
middle-income country in the world. As a Sri Lankan resident person in their mind set their
had one question. Why Sri Lanka could not achieve the statues of developed country?
There has lot of reasons to impact to that statues of developing country as Sri Lanka. Political
factors, economical factors, social factors are some of factors which are highly impact to “Sri
Lanka has been a developing country and will be a developing country for the rest of our
lifetime” but as a Sri Lankan we not hope like that.
Talking about political environment in Sri Lanka we all are known in Sri Lanka has a rapidly
change in political environment. The Sri Lankan government is time to time change and
politicians are competing to get a leadership not for a develop a country. Time to time they are
change their rules and regulations. As a good example for nowadays newly introduce 20 th
amendment to the constitution. Sri Lankan political environment is not a stable one. That is
huge issue. Not only that talking about our politicians some are not well educated, they are
always compete to get a first place in every where and not compete to develop a country with
other developed nations. As a country, as a one nation they are not want to be a first,
individually they are fighting to be a first. Time to time they are given lot of promises specially
during the election period but they are will not do as it is. That is the huge problem which
impact to located Sri Lanka in same place as a developing country. Politicians are the leaders
and they are responsible to develop a country. But actually, they are doing, make stories dramas
and we are enjoying it, they crossed over from one party to another, made controversial
statements, the rest of are agreed and disagreed. We bought in new faces to politics they are
criticized each other and to this day the same circus continues. That kind of behaviors with the
politicians how can develop a country.
Rather than political factors talking about social factors, individuals in Sri Lanka they highly
depend on the government. Most of the graduates in Sri Lanka they are highly expect to after
their degree programme to do a government job. If they are not having government job
opportunities, they are protesting to leaders to get government job. And also, most of
individuals are addicted to drugs and most of them are not well educated. Some people are
always traditionally thinking and they are believed traditional things and myths in the society.
As result they are not warmly welcome to new innovations, new technologies. In Sri Lanka our
literacy rate is high but our levels of economic education and exposure are low. Most of
educated people in Sri Lanka they are not doing a job they are stay at home. As a result, in Sri
Lanka unemployment rate is high 5.7%. More than 400,000 people mostly between the ages of
15 and 24 were unemployed last year according to a report published by the country’s
department of census and statistics. In Sri Lanka highest level of unemployment were reported
from rural areas accounting for 7.7% with the highest number of unemployed people being
reported from the north western province.
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Talking about economical issues Sri Lanka is facing to bunching of debt. As a result of
unemployment rate most of individuals are not doing a job as a result their individual income
level is zero because of that to satisfied their essential needs they are move to take personal
loans. Not only that as a country Sri Lanka take a loan from other country because of manage
to the budget deficit and provide to infrastructures to the country. And also. Sri Lanka tax base
is very poor. Most of people are avoid their tax burden. As a result, 80% of tax revenue mostly
having indirect tax. Out of that direct tax are taken low amount in the total tax revenue in Sri
Lanka. So, what will happen to the country. In every nation the major income source is tax
revenue. But in Sri Lanka most of individual tax payers are avoid their tax burden, some of
individual tax payers are paid taxes but not total actual amount. They are using some illegal
methods to decrease their tax liability. Talking about retail sector Sri Lanka is mostly move to
import goods in another country with paying highly tax amount. They are not trying to produce
those import goods within the country. In Sri Lanka gross domestic product growth rate is 3.3%
(2018), 2.3% (2019). Normally Sri Lanka has a lower level of growth rate when compare with
other developed nations.
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As you can see in above graphical view as country Sri Lanka what is the place compare with
other nations. When economy grows, the revenue grows. Everyone has realized that if the
economy doesn’t create new jobs the economy in big trouble. If the economy is growing then
all other aspects including debt, income levels and taxation will be easier to manage. So, as a
country target to developed in first hand they have to reach high level economic growth. To
reach to economic growth as country the leaders have responsibility to develop all aspects not
only one thing. Vallible one group chairmen Mrs. Dhammika Perera he said according his view
point, Sri Lanka needs to focus on growth that creates jobs and promotes innovation to move
forward from the country’s current middle-income status.
Most of individuals in the world they have future ambition to be an entrepreneur. So, who is
the entrepreneur? An entrepreneur is the person who creates new business bearing most of the
risk. Risk and failure is the part of entrepreneurs are successful and they are learn to wright
way through the failures. The entrepreneurs are commonly thought the new business ideas,
new innovations with creatively. Every time entrepreneurs wants to do new things. As a
character of entrepreneurs, they are always accepting the risk, they are like to face new
challenges and always try to do something to the world. in one hand we have to say
entrepreneurs are commonly seen as an innovator with bunch of new ideas.
In addition to that why entrepreneurship is important to the economy. In one hand we can say
good entrepreneurs are national assets to the country. Because the reason is great entrepreneurs
have the ability to change the way we live and work. If the successful entrepreneurs and their
innovations may improve standards of living and in addition to that creates wealth with
entrepreneurial ventures and they also creates jobs opportunities and provide good contribution
to the whole economy.
The very important thing is grate successful entrepreneurs can be provide to grate job
opportunities to the society. As a result of that employment in the economy (labour force) will
increase. It also helpful to the increase standard of living. Each and every individual are
engaged with the job opportunity it means they can buy things they need without moving to
any personal debts facilities. That is good to the economy. And also, into the one person their
individual income will be increase. The entrepreneurs are help to the create new business ideas
then it will successful as a result it derives bunch of goods and services to the economy. It will
directly impact to the increase gross domestic production (GDP) within the country. Not only
that because of entrepreneurs within the country new business are develop as a result it
benefited to develop infrastructures and gain new investments opportunities to the country. As
a result, it will help to increase the level of national income within the country. And it develops
good international relationships with other nations. Which having good national income means
government can be manage to their budget deficit in positive way. They can reduce their budget
deficit.
Compare with other countries the same as entrepreneurship playa major role in Sri Lanka’s
economic development. But thing is entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka are facing grater challenge in
the modern business environment and the rapidly changing new technological and
globalization of product and services. According to statistics data information only 2.8% or
around 230,000 of working population in Sri Lanka are employers or business owners when
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compared with 27.5% in Thailand, 19.6% in Vietnam, 16.9% in Brazil, 15.3% in Indonesia,
11.6% in Bangladesh and 7.5% in China. So, considering contribution rates of these countries,
in Sri Lanka the level of entrepreneurial activity and SME’s in struggle. In Sri Lanka there has
individuals with their skills and revolutionary ideas that are the base for successful
entrepreneurship but that is not enough. As a purpose of develop to entrepreneurship in Sri
Lanka they need to training, mentoring, guidance on how to do their market research, structure
their project, where and how to approach funders, market their products and need to strong
financial support. That is the one thing when compare with other countries Sri Lanka located
in the lower level in the entrepreneurship and SME’s development. Sri Lanka should be
produce job creators, not job requestors.
India and China have contributed to the economic growing of the world by their small and
medium enterprises (SME’s) which are activated by untiring entrepreneurs. Talking about
country as, India a large percentage of the 500 blue chip companies those are once started by
small-time entrepreneurs. The bottom-of-the-pyramid entrepreneurship in India has seen a
significant growth in the recent years, as per the Economic Survey for 2019-2020. Referring to
data from the World Bank, the Survey says that the number of new firms in the formal sector
has grown by a significant 12.2 per cent between 2014 and 2018, compared to a meager growth
of 3.8 per cent from 2006-2014. “As a result, from about 70,000 new firms created in 2014, the
number has grown by about 80 per cent to about 1,24,000 new firms in 2018”. Due to this
dramatic growth in new firms, India ranks third in the number of new firms created, as per the
same World Bank data. That said, the mean number of new firms registered per year per 1000
workers in India between 2006 and 2016 was only 0.10, which is quite less compared to
developed economies like UK (12.22) and US (12.12) (Anon., 2020).
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According to above graphical view if you can see the contribution to the other countries for
regarding entrepreneurial activity. Compare with those countries Sri Lanka is located in very
lower level for regarding entrepreneurship. Talking about another countries, according to data
from a 2016 research done by Wealth-X, there are 585 billionaires in the US. Only 20%
achieved this status through inheritance, while the huge majority are self-made. This is
probably one of the biggest incentives for young entrepreneurs who are just starting up. The
remaining 18% became billionaires through a combination of inheritance and hard work. In
America, this number is according to the Fresh Books entrepreneurial statistics, which
estimates that by 2020, America will have 27 million self-employed professionals. One in five
workers plans to completely change her career once she gets into entrepreneurship. In Brazil,
53% of the entrepreneurs operate on their own. Entrepreneur statistics from 2018 tell us more
than half of business owners in the biggest country in South America don’t have any employees
or intend to hire any. With this number, Brazil is the world leader, leaving Madagascar a distant
second with just 30% of solo operators. With a Global Entrepreneurship Index of 83.6, the US
is the best country for entrepreneurs. The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) is a numerical
presentation of the climate a country creates for the development of small businesses. This
index takes into account numerous factors to create one comprehensive overview of the
situation. Switzerland takes an unexpected second place with 80.4, followed by three English-
speaking countries Canada, the UK, and Australia. Chad is bottom of the list with an index of
just 9. Considered about those examples, its clearly view compare with those what is the place
of Sri Lanka. As Sri Lankans we can’t be happy about that. All other nations are developed in
day to day in all aspects. But Sri Lanka is still located same place as developing country and
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Sri Lanka has been possible protect that same place again and again. As a result, still also, Sri
Lanka is a “developing country”.
As a country Sri Lanka is still also developing country and considered about the
entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises the level of that also very low in Sri Lanka.
What are the reasons for that, considered about the reason in first hand, there has no any
financial support to small and medium level enterprises as well as the entrepreneurs. Startups
in Sri Lanka they need to strong financial support. Start a new business is the not easy one.
They need to strong financial support. Most of individuals which are start in new businesses
they are move to get loans in banking sector. But thing is in Sri Lanka to take a personal loan
for business that is not an easy thing. As a bank they are checking more documents, whether
you are in crib or not like wise number of things they are concern in the getting personal loan.
Therefore, Average entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka receive zero amount of support though they
have very innovative ideas and marketable business plans, which could be easily turned into
successful ventures with sustainability in the long run. Because of the tough financial
supporting system in Sri Lanka, the entrepreneurs get discouraged in the first level. Banks and
other financial institutions in Sri Lanka haven’t included any services in their normal portfolio
which supports entrepreneurs with the motive of avoiding risks. Even if they are willing to
consider on a rare basis, it will have a lot of documentation and time-consuming process and
not really helpful to the entrepreneurs. That is one barrier to develop entrepreneurship and SME
in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has a people with raw skills and revolutionary ideas that are the base
for successful entrepreneurship, but that is not enough. entrepreneurs need training, mentoring,
guidance on how to do their market research, structure their project, where and how to approach
funders, market their products and need innovative financing. Therefore, in Sri Lanka compare
with other countries there has no strong supportive system for regarding entrepreneurs. Not
only that considered about social factors most of young generation looking for ‘safe’ and ‘risk-
free’ jobs in the public sector. They are not preferred to do any challengeable job and take an
experience to their life. Entrepreneur is the person totally taking risk and accepting the
challenges. To day most of young generation is thinking before starting their new venture
whether it is successful or fail. They are afraid to keep step to the forward because of the risk.
Actually, start a new business is having a risk. But, “Failure is not necessarily a bad thing – it
is a badge of honours if anything! Most start-ups will fail, but risk is part of learning, risk is
what builds resilience, risk is what enables success.” And also, entrepreneurial motivations Sri
Lanka it has been zero level. If the someone is motivated to do something then only, they are
achieved it. So, like wise Sri Lankan government can be added to new business-related subjects
to the school curriculum. In school advance level their has commerce subjects but government
can be adding to as a main subject like, entrepreneurship and SME, management principles like
wise alternative subject can be added to the school curriculum. Then individuals are motivated
to startup new businesses after their school life. In Sri Lanka limited number of people are
selected to the government university. Rest of them are doing a job, but they are not thinking
start to new ventures using their skills. So, motivation is very powerful factor we have to use
motivated to individual mind set to be an entrepreneur. And also, entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka
are facing greater challenge in the modern business environment under tough competition,
rapidly changing new technologies and globalization of products and services. Considered
about other world big countries they are day to day developed in all aspects. Therefore, to give
good competition to them, it’s very challengeable thing to Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka institutions
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and authorities should take into consideration to facilitate the entrepreneurs who could go into
the global market place. Especially the online payment facilities from the banks are
cumbersome in Sri Lanka. HSBC has some arrangement with Global Payments. But, for the
processing it will take a couple of weeks. Many countries have well utilized the PayPal payment
mode, but in Sri Lanka it is not there and no banks have so far taken any initiate to introduce it
in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has talented young entrepreneurs with ideas that aren’t developed into
full potential, but with a bit of support, primarily in terms of financing, they could monetize
their ideas and reach the nooks and corners of the world.
• As a government they have to keep a step to develop strong supportive system specially
for new startups ventures and for regrinding entrepreneurship and self-employment. To
develop that strong supportive system, they have to specially focus to financial
supports. They have to focus what are the financial solutions to give for startup new
ventures.
• And also, government have to reduce the rules and regulations for regarding personal
loans in bank and other financial institutes. Still today also entrepreneur goes to a bank
with his idea of a new venture, it won’t be considered easily for a bank loan. Even if
they consider with securities and guarantees the interest rates are not meaningful for a
start-up venture.
• Arrange special loan schemes for regarding entrepreneurs and SME. Banks and other
financial institutions in Sri Lanka haven’t included any services in their normal
portfolio which supports entrepreneurs with the motive of avoiding risks. Even if they
are willing to consider on a rare basis, it will have a lot of documentation and time-
consuming process and not really helpful to the entrepreneurs.
• Develop good education system for regarding high education school education. And
also add some business-related subjects for school curriculum. To give and good
motivation to their childhood education also.
• In Sri Lanka most of students can’t be pass the ordinary level exam, as a result they
have to stop their school life after fail the ordinary level exam. Therefore, government
can be arranged special programme for regarding those students to successful their
future. Because some students are not talented for study but they have good creativity
skills like photography, designing ideas. Therefore, government can be giving a support
to develop their skills and to start a new own venture. Its goods for the total economy.
Because compare with other country they have lot of individuals they are self-earning.
Sri Lanka also can be reaching that level but as a government they have to give strong
supports to the young generation rather than develop infrastructures in the country.
• Government can be specially focus to develop English language and IT skills for
regarding young generation. We all are known world is develop day to day with new
technologies. If we are going to international market to deal with them, we need to
improve our English language. To day that is the must. If we are having good skills and
bunch of new ideas but without having good communication skills, we can’t be success.
Therefore, in Sri Lanka there having more talented people, but they are failed at the
point of talking English language.
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• Focus to develop personality development programs, motivation programs to change to
mind set in young generation. to see the number of young people looking for ‘safe’ and
‘risk-free’ jobs in the public sector, to change their mind-set government can be arrange
special programme. “The Government doesn’t create wealth, it is you who create
wealth, and it is you who can make Sri Lanka prosperous by prospering yourselves. We
need to produce job creators, not job requestors.
6 Conclusion.
Sri Lanka is the beautiful country. In the world Sri Lanka is defined as “the pearl of the Indian
ocean”. But compare with development of the country we are in lower level. Unfortunately,
still also a Sri Lanka is developing country. There has number of reasons are impact to that
statues of developing country. Sri Lanka has a mixed economy; politicians are the leaders of
the country and they are responsible to develop a country. Some economists are said according
their view point, some of the strategies for transitioning from a lower-middle to high-income
economy, to get to $ 12,000 GDP per capita income, looking at some of the developed countries
that have increased their GDP per capita income from $ 4,000 to $ 20,000 invested big on
higher education, vocational and technical training and primary education more than on hard
infrastructure. The very large income gap which we currently have can only bridge by
achieving a much higher rate of equitable GDP growth than now, if we desire to catch up with
some of the fastest growing developing countries of the world, we need to ‘invest big in human
capital’ especially in disadvantaged groups and early childhood education to develop the new
skills that are increasingly in demand in the labour market (Anon., 2019). However, Sri Lanka
is target to achieve the statues of developed country then they need to strong plan to solve
current economical issues. We all are known entrepreneurship and small and medium level
enterprises are play major role in every economy. The same as Sri Lanka, but in Sri Lanka the
contribution rate for regarding entrepreneurial activities that is very low when compare with
other countries. So, as a government they can focus to develop the entrepreneurship and SME
in the country rather than develop infrastructures, Sri Lanka can be achieved good progress
level in all aspects rather than today progress.
7 References
Anon., 2019. www.dailyft.lk. [Online]
Available at: http://www.dailyft.lk
[Accessed 10 09 2020].
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