SHRI SAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

AURANGABAD
A Project Report
On
“Case Study of Secure computing: Achievements & Trends.”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for ‘I’ Scheme sixth Semester

2022-23

Diploma in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
By

Rugved Raikwar (2015420089)

Harshal Ghusekar (2015420093)
Ishika Supekar (2015420091)

Under the guidance of

Miss.V.M.Gaikwad.
(Guide)

In Pursuit of Excellence
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Introduction In Secure Computing Achievements And Trends

Secure computing is an essential aspect of modern-day technology, as

the threat of cyber attacks and data breaches continues to grow. It
involves the implementation of various measures to protect computer
systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, and
damage.

Over the years, there have been several achievements in secure

computing, ranging from the development of more advanced
encryption algorithms to the creation of more robust rewalls and
intrusion detection systems. Additionally, with the advancement of
technology, new trends in secure computing have emerged, such as
arti cial intelligence, blockchain, and biometric authentication.

One of the notable achievements in secure computing is the

development of encryption techniques. Encryption is the process of
encoding data to protect it from unauthorized access. In recent years,
there have been signi cant advancements in encryption techniques,
such as the introduction of quantum-resistant encryption algorithms,
which can withstand attacks from quantum computers.

Another signi cant achievement in secure computing is the

development of rewalls and intrusion detection systems. These
systems are designed to prevent unauthorized access to computer
networks and detect any attempts at intrusion. With the increasing
sophistication of cyber attacks, these systems have become more
advanced and e ective in protecting computer networks and data.

In recent years, several new trends in secure computing have emerged,

including the use of arti cial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to
identify and mitigate cyber threats. AI and machine learning algorithms
can analyze vast amounts of data to detect patterns and anomalies that
could indicate a potential security breach. This allows organizations to
respond quickly to potential threats and prevent them from causing
signi cant damage.

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Additionally, cloud security has become a critical trend in secure

computing, as more organizations move their data and applications to
cloud-based systems. Cloud security involves the implementation of
measures to protect data and applications stored in the cloud from
unauthorized access and cyber threats.

In this micro project, we will explore several case studies and trends in
secure computing, including zero trust, IoT security, biometric
authentication, and privacy regulations, among others. We will analyze
the good and bad points of each case study and trend, highlighting
their e ectiveness in enhancing secure computing.

Overall, secure computing is a critical aspect of modern technology

that requires ongoing attention and innovation to combat the ever-
increasing threat of cyber attacks and data breaches. With the
achievement of more advanced encryption techniques and the
development of more robust rewalls and intrusion detection systems,
organizations are better equipped to protect their computer networks
and data from potential threats.

Moreover, the emerging trends in secure computing, such as arti cial

intelligence, cloud security, and biometric authentication, o er new
solutions to strengthen the security of computer systems and networks.
These trends have the potential to transform the way organizations
approach security, making it more e cient, e ective, and scalable.

However, it is important to note that secure computing is an ongoing

process that requires continuous investment and improvement. As the
threat landscape continues to evolve, new vulnerabilities and attack
vectors emerge, making it essential to keep up with the latest trends
and innovations in secure computing.

In conclusion, secure computing is essential to protect organizations

and individuals from potential cyber threats. The achievements and
trends in secure computing mentioned in this micro project
demonstrate the strides made in improving computer security.
However, to maintain the security of computer systems and data,
organizations must remain vigilant and proactive in implementing

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secure computing measures that are appropriate for their unique needs
and circumstances.

Case Study 1: Google Chromebook

Google Chromebook is a popular laptop computer that is designed to run on

Google's Chrome operating system (OS). The Chromebook is widely used in
schools, businesses, and homes as it o ers an a ordable and secure
alternative to traditional laptops. In this article, we will examine some case
studies of the Google Chromebook's achievements in secure computing.

1. Automatic Updates
One of the most signi cant achievements of the Chromebook is its
automatic updates feature. The Chromebook automatically updates the
operating system and all installed applications to ensure that they are
running the latest security patches. This feature ensures that the
Chromebook is always up-to-date with the latest security features, which
helps to keep users safe from the latest threats.

2. Sandboxing
Sandboxing is another important feature of the Chromebook's secure
computing system. Sandboxing is a technique that isolates applications from
one another, which helps to prevent malware and viruses from spreading to
other parts of the system. The Chromebook uses a sandboxing technique
that prevents malicious applications from accessing other parts of the
system, which helps to protect against cyber threats.

3. Veri ed Boot
The Chromebook's Veri ed Boot feature is another important achievement in
secure computing. Veri ed Boot ensures that the Chromebook only boots up
using trusted software. If the Chromebook detects any unauthorized
modi cations to the software, it will enter into recovery mode and reset the
system to its original state. This feature helps to prevent malware and viruses
from taking hold of the system.

4. Chrome OS Security Architecture

The Chromebook's security architecture is designed to protect against
threats such as malware and phishing attacks. The Chrome OS is designed
with multiple layers of protection, which includes a veri ed boot process,

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sandboxing, and automatic updates. These layers of protection work

together to ensure that the Chromebook is protected against cyber threats.

5. User Data Encryption

The Chromebook uses user data encryption to protect against unauthorized
access to sensitive information. All user data is encrypted by default, which
means that even if a Chromebook is lost or stolen, the data cannot be
accessed without the correct login credentials. This feature helps to protect
against data theft and ensures that user data remains safe and secure.

6. Safe Browsing
The Chromebook's safe browsing feature is another important achievement
in secure computing. The Chromebook uses Google's Safe Browsing
technology to protect against phishing attacks and malware. This feature
checks all websites for potential threats and alerts users if they are about to
visit a potentially dangerous website.

7. Chromebook Enterprise Security

Google has introduced several enterprise-level security features for the
Chromebook, making it a popular choice for businesses. These features
include centralized device management, automatic updates, and multi-
layered security. These features help to ensure that businesses are protected
against cyber threats and that sensitive data remains secure.

In conclusion, the Google Chromebook has several achievements in secure

computing that have contributed to its popularity. The Chromebook's
automatic updates, sandboxing, veri ed boot, security architecture, user
data encryption, safe browsing, and enterprise-level security features are all
critical in ensuring that the Chromebook remains secure against cyber
threats. The Chromebook's secure computing features make it an excellent
choice for schools, businesses, and homes, where security is a top priority.

Apart from the achievements, the Google Chromebook has also shown some
trends in secure computing. These trends include:

1. Cloud-Based Security
The Google Chromebook relies heavily on cloud-based security features to
keep its users safe. By storing data and applications in the cloud, the
Chromebook can keep a close eye on security and quickly respond to any
potential threats.

2. Multi-Factor Authentication

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The Chromebook supports multi-factor authentication, which adds an extra

layer of security to the login process. Users can enable multi-factor
authentication, which requires them to provide additional information, such
as a code sent to their mobile device, in addition to their password.

3. Mobile Device Management

As more users bring their Chromebooks to work, the need for mobile device
management (MDM) has become more critical. The Chromebook supports
several MDM solutions, which allow businesses to manage their
Chromebooks centrally and ensure that they remain secure.

4. Advanced Threat Protection

Google has introduced several advanced threat protection features for the
Chromebook, which include machine learning-based security, real-time
protection against malware, and phishing attacks. These features help to
keep the Chromebook safe from the latest threats.

5. Privacy Features
The Chromebook includes several privacy features, which help to protect
user data from unauthorized access. These features include guest browsing,
incognito mode, and the ability to clear browsing data.

In conclusion, the Google Chromebook has achieved a signi cant milestone

in secure computing. The Chromebook's automatic updates, sandboxing,
veri ed boot, security architecture, user data encryption, safe browsing, and
enterprise-level security features make it a popular choice for businesses,
schools, and homes. The Chromebook's secure computing trends, such as
cloud-based security, multi-factor authentication, mobile device
management, advanced threat protection, and privacy features, show that
the Chromebook is continuously evolving to keep up with the latest security
threats. Overall, the Google Chromebook is a secure and a ordable laptop
computer that is an excellent choice for anyone who values security and
privacy.

The success of the Google Chromebook in the realm of secure computing

has not gone unnoticed. Its achievements and trends have been recognized
by various entities, including industry experts and users alike.

In 2021, the Google Chromebook was awarded the "Best Chromebook for
Security" by PCMag. The award recognized the Chromebook's
comprehensive security features, which include automatic updates, veri ed
boot, and built-in antivirus protection.

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Additionally, the Google Chromebook has received positive feedback from

users and businesses alike. Many users appreciate the Chromebook's ease
of use and a ordability, while businesses appreciate its enterprise-level
security features and management capabilities.

The Chromebook's secure computing achievements and trends have also

in uenced other manufacturers in the laptop market. Many competitors have
started to incorporate cloud-based security, multi-factor authentication, and
advanced threat protection features into their laptops, following in the
footsteps of the Chromebook.

Overall, the Google Chromebook's success in secure computing is a

testament to the importance of prioritizing security in today's digital
landscape. As cyber threats continue to evolve and become more
sophisticated, it is critical to have secure computing solutions like the
Chromebook to protect against these threats.

Case Study 2: IBM Z

IBM is a technology company that has been at the forefront of secure

computing for several decades. In this section, we will explore some of the
achievements and trends that IBM has demonstrated in secure computing.

Achievements in Secure Computing

1. Encryption Technology
IBM has been a leader in encryption technology for many years. The
company has developed several encryption algorithms, including the
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA),
which are widely used to protect sensitive data.

2. Identity and Access Management

IBM has developed several identity and access management (IAM) solutions
that allow businesses to manage user identities and control access to
sensitive data. IBM's IAM solutions use advanced technologies such as
biometrics and behavioral analytics to provide enhanced security.

3. Hardware Security Modules

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IBM has developed several hardware security modules (HSMs) that provide a
secure environment for key management and cryptographic operations.
These HSMs are used by governments, nancial institutions, and other
organizations that require high levels of security.

4. Mainframe Security
IBM's mainframe computers are widely used in industries such as nance
and healthcare, where security is of utmost importance. IBM has developed
several mainframe security features, including hardware-assisted
cryptography, secure boot, and secure key management.

5. Cloud Security
IBM has developed several cloud security solutions that allow businesses to
securely store and process data in the cloud. These solutions include identity
and access management, data encryption, and secure network connections.

Trends in Secure Computing

1. Zero Trust Security

IBM has been a proponent of the zero-trust security model, which assumes
that all users, devices, and applications are potential security risks. Zero
trust security requires authentication and authorization for every access
request and continuously monitors all activity to detect and respond to
potential threats.

2. Arti cial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)

IBM is using AI and ML to develop security solutions that can analyze vast
amounts of data to detect potential threats and anomalies. These solutions
use predictive analytics to identify potential threats before they occur,
reducing the risk of a security breach.

3. Blockchain Security
IBM is exploring the use of blockchain technology for secure computing.
Blockchain technology provides a distributed ledger that is resistant to
tampering, providing a secure environment for transactions and data
storage.

4. Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)

IBM is using SOAR technology to automate security operations and

response. SOAR combines automation with human intelligence to streamline

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security operations and reduce the time it takes to detect and respond to a
security incident.

Conclusion

IBM has demonstrated a strong commitment to secure computing over the

years, with achievements that include encryption technology, IAM solutions,
HSMs, mainframe security, and cloud security. IBM's trends in secure
computing include zero trust security, AI and ML, blockchain security, and
SOAR technology. These trends show that IBM is committed to staying
ahead of the curve in secure computing and developing innovative solutions
that can keep pace with the rapidly evolving threat landscape.

Overall, IBM has a long history of accomplishments in secure computing and

is well-positioned to continue to lead the industry in the future. The
company's expertise in encryption technology, IAM, HSMs, mainframe
security, and cloud security, combined with its commitment to exploring new
trends such as zero trust security, AI and ML, blockchain, and SOAR,
demonstrate a dedication to innovation and staying ahead of the curve in the
rapidly changing world of cybersecurity. As threats continue to evolve, IBM
will undoubtedly continue to develop new solutions to help protect
businesses and individuals from cyberattacks.

Case Study 3: Microsoft Azure

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of

services for building, deploying, and managing applications and services
through Microsoft-managed data centers. It is a robust platform that has
made signi cant contributions to the eld of secure computing, particularly
in terms of cloud security.

Achievements in Secure Computing:

1. Security and Compliance: Microsoft Azure has a comprehensive set of

compliance o erings, including compliance with various regional and
industry-speci c standards, such as HIPAA, GDPR, and ISO 27001. Azure
has a team of security experts who are dedicated to maintaining security and
compliance, ensuring that customers' data is secure and that they are
meeting regulatory requirements.

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2. Azure Security Center: Azure Security Center is a uni ed infrastructure

security management system that provides centralized visibility and control
over the security of Azure resources. It continuously monitors the security of
the customer's environment and provides recommendations for improving
the security posture.

3. Azure Key Vault: Azure Key Vault is a cloud-based service that enables
customers to store and manage cryptographic keys and other secrets used
in their applications. It provides a secure and centralized location for keys,
certi cates, and secrets, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

4. Azure Information Protection: Azure Information Protection is a data

protection solution that classi es, labels, and protects data at the time of
creation or modi cation. It ensures that data is protected, whether it's stored
in the cloud, on-premises, or shared with third parties.

5. Azure Active Directory: Azure Active Directory is a cloud-based identity

and access management solution that provides secure access to
applications and resources. It provides strong authentication methods,
including multifactor authentication and conditional access, and enables
customers to manage identity and access across hybrid environments.

Trends in Secure Computing:

1. Zero Trust Security: Zero Trust Security is a security model that requires
authentication and veri cation of every user and device accessing the
network, even those within the organization. It ensures that only authorized
users have access to the data they need, reducing the risk of data breaches.

2. Arti cial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Arti cial Intelligence (AI)
and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being used in secure computing
to identify and respond to threats more quickly and e ectively. Microsoft
Azure has integrated AI and ML into many of its security solutions to
enhance threat detection and response.

3. Blockchain: Blockchain technology provides a secure and tamper-

resistant way to store data and transactions. Microsoft Azure has developed
solutions that leverage blockchain technology to improve security in areas
such as supply chain management, identity management, and nancial
transactions.

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4. Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR): SOAR is

an emerging trend in secure computing that combines orchestration and
automation of security tasks with incident response. It enables security
teams to respond to threats more quickly and e ectively.

Case Study:

One of the companies that have bene tted from Microsoft Azure's secure
computing capabilities is GEICO, one of the largest auto insurance providers
in the United States. GEICO used Azure Security Center to help them
monitor and protect their cloud workloads. Azure Security Center provided
visibility into the security of their environment and helped them identify and
remediate security issues quickly. This allowed GEICO to reduce their risk of
data breaches and improve their overall security posture.

In conclusion, Microsoft Azure has made signi cant contributions to secure

computing through its various solutions and services, and it is well-
positioned to continue to lead the industry in the future. With its commitment
to exploring emerging trends in secure computing, such as Zero Trust
Security, AI and ML, blockchain, and SOAR, Microsoft Azure will continue to
develop innovative solutions to help businesses and individuals stay
protected from cyber threats.

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that o ers a wide range of

services for businesses to securely store, manage, and process their data.
As one of the leading cloud providers in the market, Azure has implemented
numerous secure computing achievements and trends to enhance the
security and reliability of its services. In this article, we will explore some of
the case studies of secure computing achievements and trends in Microsoft
Azure.

1. Encryption and Key Management

Azure provides strong encryption and key management features to ensure
data security. Azure Key Vault is a secure key management service that
provides a centralized location to store and manage keys, secrets, and
certi cates. This service helps to protect the cryptographic keys used to
encrypt data by providing strict access controls and audit trails.

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2. Multi-Factor Authentication
Azure o ers Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to add an extra layer of
security for users accessing the platform. MFA requires users to provide
additional veri cation beyond just a password, such as a ngerprint or a
code sent to their mobile device. This feature makes it more di cult for
attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.

3. Advanced Threat Protection

Azure Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) is a cloud-based security solution
that helps to identify, detect, and investigate advanced threats targeting
Azure environments. ATP uses machine learning algorithms to analyze user
and entity behavior and detect suspicious activities in real-time. The system
provides alerts when it detects suspicious behavior and provides
recommendations to help remediate the threat.

4. Network Security
Azure o ers a range of network security features to help protect against
unauthorized access and network threats. These features include Network
Security Groups (NSGs) to control inbound and outbound tra c to virtual
machines, Azure Firewall to secure tra c between Azure resources, and
Virtual Network Service Endpoints to secure tra c to Azure services over the
Azure backbone network.

5. Compliance and Certi cations

Azure has achieved numerous compliance certi cations, such as ISO 27001,
SOC 1, SOC 2, HIPAA, and PCI DSS, to name a few. These certi cations
help to ensure that Azure meets industry-speci c security and compliance
standards, and customers can trust that their data is being handled securely.

6. Disaster Recovery
Azure provides disaster recovery solutions that help businesses to recover
data in the event of an outage or disaster. Azure Site Recovery is a disaster
recovery solution that replicates on-premises workloads to Azure, providing
a failover environment in the cloud. This solution ensures business continuity
and minimizes the risk of data loss.

In conclusion, Microsoft Azure has implemented numerous secure

computing achievements and trends to provide a highly secure and reliable
cloud computing platform. These features help businesses to secure their
data, prevent unauthorized access, and comply with industry-speci c
security standards. As more businesses move to the cloud, secure

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computing will continue to be a critical aspect of the technology industry,

and Microsoft Azure is leading the way in providing secure cloud solutions.

Trends in Secure Computing

1. Arti cial Intelligence and Machine Learning: AI and machine learning

are increasingly being used to identify and mitigate potential security threats.
These technologies can analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns
that may indicate a security breach or other malicious activity.

2. Cloud Security: As more organizations move their data and applications

to the cloud, there is a growing need for cloud-speci c security solutions.
Cloud providers are investing heavily in security features and certi cations to
help address this need.

3. Zero Trust: The zero trust security model is gaining popularity as a way to
protect against insider threats and other advanced attacks. This model
requires all users and devices to be authenticated and authorized before
they can access any resources on the network.

4. DevSecOps: DevSecOps is an approach to software development that

incorporates security into every stage of the development process. This
approach helps to identify and mitigate potential security vulnerabilities
before they become a problem.

5. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing is a new and emerging

technology that has the potential to revolutionize computing in many ways,
including security. Quantum computers can perform certain calculations
much faster than traditional computers, which could make it easier to break
some encryption algorithms. However, there is also the potential for quantum
computing to enable new, more secure encryption methods.

6. Blockchain: Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has gained

popularity in recent years due to its potential for secure and transparent
record-keeping. It is being explored as a potential solution for secure identity
management, secure transactions, and other applications where data
security and transparency are critical.

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7. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT devices are becoming increasingly prevalent,

and with that comes the need for increased security measures. IoT security
threats include the potential for unauthorized access, data breaches, and
other attacks. As more devices are connected to the internet, it is essential
to implement robust security measures to protect against these threats.

8. Biometric Authentication: Biometric authentication, such as ngerprint

scanning and facial recognition, is becoming more common as a way to
verify identity. These methods can provide a more secure and convenient
way to authenticate users, as they are based on unique physical
characteristics that are di cult to fake.

9. Privacy Regulations: With the increasing concern over data privacy,

governments around the world are enacting new regulations to protect user
data. Compliance with these regulations is essential for businesses that
collect and process user data, and failure to comply can result in signi cant
nes and reputational damage.

10. Human Factor: Despite all the technological advancements, the human
factor remains a signi cant risk to cybersecurity. Human error, negligence,
and lack of awareness can lead to security breaches and data leaks. As
such, it is important to invest in cybersecurity training and awareness
programs for employees to reduce the risk of human-related security
incidents.

In conclusion, secure computing is critical in today's interconnected world,

where the threat of cyber attacks is increasing. As seen in the case studies
and trends mentioned above, there are many advancements in secure
computing, including AI and machine learning, cloud security, zero trust, and
biometric authentication. It is essential for individuals and organizations to
prioritize secure computing to protect themselves from potential cyber
threats.

Achievements In Secure Computing

Achievements in secure computing refer to the notable advancements

and innovations that have been made in the eld of computer security
over the years. These achievements have contributed signi cantly to
improving the overall security of computer systems and networks,

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making them more resilient to cyber threats. In this section, we will

discuss some of the most signi cant achievements in secure
computing.

1. Advanced Encryption Techniques: Encryption is a critical aspect of

secure computing, as it is the process of encoding data to protect it
from unauthorized access. Advanced encryption techniques have been
developed over the years, making it increasingly di cult for hackers to
access sensitive information. For example, symmetric key encryption
algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) have become
the standard for secure communication and data protection.

2. Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems: Firewalls and intrusion

detection systems are essential components of secure computing, as
they help prevent unauthorized access to computer networks and
detect any attempts at intrusion. These systems have become more
advanced over the years, with the introduction of next-generation
rewalls that can detect and prevent sophisticated cyber attacks.

3. Two-Factor Authentication: Two-factor authentication (2FA) has

become a standard security feature for many online services and
applications. This security feature provides an extra layer of protection
by requiring users to provide two forms of authentication to access their
accounts, typically a password and a veri cation code sent to their
mobile device.

4. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): VPNs provide a secure and

encrypted connection between two or more devices, allowing for
secure communication and data exchange. VPNs are widely used by
organizations to connect remote workers and secure data transmission
across di erent locations.

5. Identity and Access Management (IAM): IAM is a set of policies

and technologies used to manage digital identities and control access
to computer systems and networks. IAM solutions are critical in
ensuring that only authorized individuals can access sensitive
information and data.

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6. Quantum-Resistant Encryption: The development of quantum-

resistant encryption algorithms is an achievement in secure computing
that has emerged in recent years. These algorithms are designed to
withstand attacks from quantum computers, which have the potential to
break traditional encryption algorithms.

7. Incident Response Plans: Incident response plans are an essential

aspect of secure computing, as they provide a systematic approach to
detecting, analyzing, and responding to cyber threats. These plans are
crucial in minimizing the damage caused by a cyber attack and
restoring systems to normal operations quickly.

In conclusion, the achievements in secure computing have greatly

improved the overall security of computer systems and networks. As
technology continues to evolve, it is essential to keep up with the latest
advancements in secure computing to ensure that computer systems
and data remain protected.

Moreover, the achievements in secure computing are ongoing, as

technology continues to evolve and cyber threats become increasingly
sophisticated. It is essential to continuously invest in and improve
secure computing to stay ahead of potential threats.

Overall, the achievements in secure computing are crucial in protecting

sensitive information and data from cyber threats. These achievements,
such as advanced encryption techniques, rewalls and intrusion
detection systems, 2FA, VPNs, IAM, quantum-resistant encryption, and
incident response plans, have contributed signi cantly to improving the
security of computer systems and networks. As organizations continue
to rely more heavily on technology, secure computing remains a critical
aspect of modern computing.

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