Laboratory Experiment No.

RECTIFIERS, HALF-WAVE AND FULL-WAVE

Submitted By:

Name Signature

Aleluya, Christian

Bucao, Joel

Compal, Jerlovo

Gajo, Aaron Aldrei

Gallutan, Vhimber

Marquez, John Humphrey

Mulato, John Eric

Olaget, Lincoln Knight

Rillera, Randal Marc

Salagubang, Androw
7:30-10:30 M

Submitted To:
 ENGR. JEFFERSON J. WALCIEN
Faculty

May 8, 2023
I. TLO 5:Connect the circuit of a half-wave and full-wave rectifier and display their output
waveform in the oscilloscope.

II. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS:

Transformer - 220V : 12V
2 VOM
Oscilloscope
CR1-CR4 - Silicon Diodes
RL – 1kOhms, 1 W
S1 – SPST, Component Board M
Experiment Board K
III. PROCEDURE
Objective A: Demonstrate the operation of a half-wave rectifier by displaying and measuring dc
average and peak output voltages.

1.
a. Connect the half-wave rectifier circuit shown below.

b. Connect the oscilloscope to the AC input side of the Half-wave rectifier.

c. Close S1. Observe the rectifier input voltage waveform displayed on the
oscilloscope scree. Measure the peak-to-peak voltage.

d. Specify oscillator settings and draw the input waveform on the graph.

Time/Div: Volts/Div:

e. Open S1 and connect the oscilloscope to the output of the half-wave

rectifier.

2.
f. Close S1 and observe the output voltage waveform of the half-wave rectifier.
g. Measure the positive pulsations.
E out = Vp
h. Is output ac or dc?
 i. What is the frequency of the output pulsations of a half-wave rectifier?
j. Specify oscillator settings and draw the output waveform on the graph.
Time/Div: Volts/ Div:
k. Measure the average output voltage of the half-wave rectifier; indicated by
the dc voltmeter.
Eavg = Vdc
l. Calculate the average dc output voltage using the equation for converting the
peak output of a half-wave rectifier to direct current.
Eavg = Vdc
m. Open S1 and return the voltage to zero.

Objective B. Demonstrate the operation of a full-wave rectifier by displaying and measuring

DC average and peak output voltages.
3.
a. Connect the full-wave rectifier circuit shown. Set the DC voltmeter to the 50Vdc
range.

b. Connect the oscilloscope across the input of the full-wave rectifier.

c. Close S1. Observe the full-wave rectifier input voltage waveform and measure the
peak-to-peak voltage.
Ein = Vp-p
d. Open S1 and connect the oscilloscope across the output of the full-wave rectifier.
e. Close S1 and connect the oscilloscope across the output of the full- wave rectifier.
f. Measure the peak amplitude of the positive pulsations.
Eout = Vp
g. What is the frequency of the output pulsations of a full-wave rectifier?
Foutput = Hz
h. Specify the oscillator settings and draw the output waveform on the graph.
Time/Div: Volts/ Div:
i. Measure the average output voltage of the full-wave rectifier indicated by the dc
voltmeter.
Eavg = Vdc
j. Calculate the average dc output voltage using the equation for converting the peak
output of a full-wave rectifier to direct current .
k. Open S1 and return the voltage to zero.
Objective C. List the major differences between half-wave and full-wave rectification.
4. Complete the following statements. With equal ac voltage inputs.
a. The peak output voltage of a half-wave rectifier is approximately, (less than, more
than, the same as) the peak output voltage of a full-wave rectifier.

b. The average dc output voltage of a half-wave rectifier is approximately ,(less than,

more than, the same as) the peak output voltage of a full-wave rectifier.

c. The output ripple frequency of a full-wave rectifier is (half, double, the same as)

The ripple output frequency of a half-wave rectifier.

IV. EXPERIMENT RESULT(MISSING)

V. OBSERVATION

The first circuit made was a 14 Vrms AC source with one anode and the load which is a
1k resistor. The measured average input AC voltage is 14Vac. The input waveform is
sinusoidal with both the positive and the negative cycle. The AC source produces 39.8
VPk-Pk voltage that is received by the diode. The AC source is connected to the anode
which means the diode is connected in a forward-biased manner.
The voltage across the load (Ru) has a waveform that is only in the positive half-cycle
and appeared to be skipping the negative half-cycle. It is a half-wave waveform. The
Voltage across the load is 19.6 pk which is half of the Vpk-pk of the AC voltage source.
The frequency of the waveform across the load remained the same as the input
frequency at 60 Hz. The voltage across the load appear to be pulsating DC voltage. The
output voltage of the half-wave rectifier is 5.98 dc. The calculated average DC output
based on the measure pk is 6.2389. The measured and calculated average DC output
voltage of the half-wave rectifier were approximately the same.
For the second circuit, a full-wave rectifier made with four diodes are connected to the
14 VRms AC voltage source. The input voltage remained the same as the first circuit
with 39.8 V pk-pk sinusoidal waveform. The output peak amplitude of positive pulsations
of the full-wave is measured at 18.5 pk. The output waveform was only in the positive-
half cycle but the waveform is not skipping this time. The frequency of the output of the
positive pulsations of the full-wave rectifier was 120 Hz which is double the frequency of
the input waveform. The measured average output voltage of the full-wave rectifier is
11.309 dc as measured by the voltmeter across the load (Ru). The calculated average
DC output voltage converted from the measured peak voltage is 11.7775 dc. The
measured and calculated average DC output voltage was also approximately the same.
The peak output voltage of the half-wave rectifier is approximately the same as the peak
output voltage of the full-wave rectifier. The average DC output voltage of the half-wave
rectifier is significantly. less than the average DC output voltage of the full-wave rectifier.
In fact, the average DC output voltage of the full-wave is approximately double of the
average DC output voltage of the half-wave. The output ripple frequency of the full-wave
rectifier is double the ripple output frequency of the half-wave rectifier which is expected
since the half-wave waveform seems to be skipping ½ of the wave.

VI. CONCLUSION

Rectifiers are devices that converts AC voltage source into DC voltage.

Rectifiers are made up of 1 or more sets of diodes depending on what voltage DC
output is needed for the circuit.
A half-wave rectifier is made up of only one diode. A diode is used to allow the flow of
current in only one direction. The alternating current is a pulsating current that flows in
both direction, hence the name alternating. The diode only allows the flow of the current
of the positive cycle of the alternating current because the positive-half cycle is
connected to the anode which makes it a forward-biased connection. Thus, allowing the
flow of current. However, for the negative half cycle of the alternating current, the
negative pulsations will be connected to the anode which makes the diode in a reverse-
biased connection.
Thus, the diode will impede the flow of current. Therefore, only the positive-half cycle will
be allowed to flow across the diode as output DC voltage.
A full-wave rectifier is made up of 4 diodes. The diodes are set up so that both the
positive and negative-half cycles will be allowed to flow across. This is possible since
the positive-half cycles of the AC voltage source is connected to the anode of two
diodes. The positive-half cycle will be allowed by these two diodes but will be restricted
by the other two. Meaning, the diodes directs the flow of the current. For the negative-
half cycle, the direction of the current is reversed. The negative-half cycle is connected
to the cathode of the other two diodes. In simplest terms, the two diodes that were
allowing the flow of current earlier are now impeding the flow of current. However, the
two diodes that were impeding the flow of current are now allowing current to flow. In
this way, the current for the negative-half cycle is allowed to flow to power the load. This
happens each time the current is alternated which is typically 60 times per second
(60hz) which means no voltage is wasted as both half-cycles are being allowed to flow.
The peak voltage of both circuits are the same since the rectifiers do not impede how
much of the current can flow but only allows which current to flow depending on their
directions. The average DC output voltage of the full-wave rectifier is approximately
double that of the half-wave rectifier. This is because the full-wave rectifier allows both
half-cycles while the half-wave only allows the positive-half cycle of the input current to
flow. The half-wave ripple frequency remains the same because the oscillations still
takes the same time. The ripple frequency for the output voltage of the full-wave is
doubled that of the input voltage since both cycles are being allowed to flow and the
oscillations are now twice of that of the input oscillations in the same period.
VII. APPENDICES(MISSING)

Reference(MISSING)