I. Define plumbing fixtures and appliances.

A plumbing fixture is a receptacle or apparatus that is linked to a water supply system, releases
water into a drainage system, or does both. Such containers or equipment discharge either liquid
waste or solid waste that has been in contact with liquid, or they discharge waste into a drainage
system while also requiring a water supply. Sinks, toilets, and bathtubs are a few examples of
plumbing fixtures.
A plumbing appliance is a device that connects to the water supply or a drain and is designed to
carry out a certain task. These devices depend on one or more electrified components, such as
motors, controllers, or heating elements, for their functioning or control. These gadgets can be
manually adjusted or controlled by the owner or operator, or they can be operated automatically by
one or more of the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a
measured volume or weight. Washing machines, dishwashers, and water heaters are a few
examples of plumbing appliances.

II. Research the following:

A. Types of Water Closet
1. Two-piece water closet - A toilet with a two-piece design has a separate tank and pot that
are connected. Although it appears as though the tank and the pot are one unit because of the
placement behind the pot, they are actually two independent units.
2. One-piece water closet- The main distinction between a two-piece toilet and a one-piece
toilet is that a one-piece toilet has a tank or cistern that is attached directly to the bowl, whereas a
two-piece toilet has a tank and a pot that are divided into two separate components. The lack of
gaps and spaces between the pot and the toilet tank makes this style of restroom easier to clean.
Because there is nowhere for dirt and grime to collect, using it is exceedingly hygienic.
3. Wall Hung Closet - A toilet with its tank and bowl mounted on the wall is referred to as a
wall-hung closet. In small spaces or places with little floor space, like commercial buildings, wall-
hung closets are frequently used. Smaller tanks on wall-hung closets may need to be emptied more
frequently than those on other types of toilets, but they also tend to be less expensive.
4. Smart Water Closet - An electronic restroom that can meet all of the needs of its users in
terms of toilets is known as an intelligent or smart restroom. The automated lid-lifting smart toilet
warms the toilet seat as a user approaches, sensing their presence. Because they are intelligent,
they can flush the restroom on their own when it has been used.
B. Types of Lavatories
1. Wall-mounted -  It is one of the most common types as it creates a minimalist design and
an excellent space-saving piece for smaller bathrooms.
2. Drop-in - drop-in sinks are a great option for larger bathrooms since it is installed above a
countertop which allows more room to place your vanity essentials. Drop-in sinks also come with
wide rims making them one of the easiest basins to install.
3. Pedestal - One of the most elegant-looking bathroom sinks is the pedestal basin. It is
versatile as it offers different designs and patterns that can range from vintage to modern. This type
works best in wide bathroom spaces since the pedestal or support offers less storage room
underneath.
4. Corner - Corner sinks are a top-notch choice for saving space in the bathroom. From the
name itself, this type of sink is installed in corners. This type of sink can vary in installation—from
pedestal to the more common type, the wall-mounted. 
5. Under Mount-  This type can be easily styled and customized since it is installed completely
submerged in the surround. It creates a seamless, continuous flow from the countertop to the
bottom of the sink, and it is very easy to clean as well.
6. Vessel - Seamless and luxurious, vessel sinks are the perfect choice in making a stunning
statement in the bathroom. This basin has smooth, modern-like edges and is installed on top of
counters, which makes it more convenient to use.
7. Semi-pedestal - For a cleaner and more versatile option, there is semi-pedestal sink. It is a
wall-mounted type of sink that comes with a half-sized pedestal installed under the basin. This
provides more space underneath and a neatly covered waste and pipework area.
8. Free-standing - A unique and stylish option for bathroom sinks is the free-standing
type. The leg or pedestal of a free-standing is a lot smaller and less bulky since the shape of a free-
standing is very modern and has delicate curves. This bathroom sink fits well in both large and small
spaces. It creates an airy ambiance and makes your floors look wider.
C. Types of Sinks
1. Bar Sink - The bar sink, also known as the utility sink, is a sink that can be installed either
underneath the countertop or on top of it. This type of sink usually comes with an integrated soap
dispenser and an overflow drain to make sure that any water spills from the sink would flow into a
drip tray.
2. Undermount Sink - An under-mount sink is a sink that has been mounted underneath the
kitchen counter. These types of sinks are often used in modern kitchens. They are easy to clean, and
they consume less space than other types of sinks.
3. Farmhouse Sink - The Farm sink is a sink ranging from one to six feet in length and about
half as wide. The sink consists of three different pieces: the sink bowl (made of Granite), the
drainboard (also made of Granite or any other durable material), and the sink base.
4. Top Mount Kitchen Sink - A top mount kitchen sink is a type of kitchen sink in which the
drain assembly is mounted on top of the countertop. It is usually made from vitreous china, and it is
used for either above-counter or under-cabinet installations.
5. Single Bowl Sink - A sink is a countertop fixture that you use for washing or cleaning dishes
and other kitchen utensils. Its main purpose is to drain water from the sink.
6. Kitchen Sink with Drainboard - A sink with a drainboard is a sink that has a built-in draining
board. This sink can be used for food preparation or washing dishes; it has a sink basin and a sink
bowl on the top and sides to hold the sink basin.
7. Kitchen Island Sink - A sink in a kitchen island is usually made of stainless steel. Some types
of the sink may also be available in marble or stone material as well. The sink may or may not come
with a faucet.
8. Integrated Sink - An integrated sink is also called an “integrated drain.” It can be said that
the integrated sink has many advantages: It is easier to clean because it doesn’t have a cover, and
there are no faucet holes and drainage channels.
9. Double Basin Sink - The sinks need to be large enough, which can be calculated by
considering the number of family members, and the requirement also needs to consider cleaning
utensils like pots and pans.
D. Types of Urinals
1. Trough Urinals - Trough urinals look like animal feeders – the very reason they have this
name. Used mainly for commercial washrooms, they are a great economical choice when saving on
your plumbing cost and space. These types of urinals can accommodate a maximum of eight users
simultaneously.
2. Corner Urinal - Corner urinals are also known as flat back urinals designed to fit in the
corner of the wall. They are another great space-saver but can only be used in the corner and
nowhere else.
3. Waterless Urinal - Waterless or pint flush urinals are mainly male urinals designed for
saving water. 
4. Stall Urinal - A stall urinal is supported by either the flange or the floor.
5. Sensor Urinal - You will often see this kind of urinal in busy areas like shopping centers
and airports for good reason – the sensor flushes automatically after every use and saves time this
way. You will not find a more hygienic urinal on the market.
6. Bucket Urinal - This is the oldest urinal that has been in use for ages. There are some
places where you will get a real bucket as a urinal. This bucket-turned-urinal has its own drains and
spouts.
7. Flat Back Urinal - Designed to fit in a flat bathroom wall with a screw, many bucket urinals
are considered flat back urinals these days.
8. Squatting Urinal - Designed to fit in a flat bathroom wall with a screw, many bucket urinals
are considered flat back urinals these days.
9. Urinals For Children - Children’s urinals are not much different from the other types of
urinals other than their design. Most come with vibrant colors and cartoon shapes so kids are
attracted to using them.
10. Against-the-wall urinal- The against-the-wall or slab urinal has a drain located at the foot
level or the underneath foot level. The user has to guide their streams against the backing surface,
and gravity guides the streams to the floor where the drain gathers them. Large porcelain chunks
are used in fitting the urinal together.
11. Portable Urinal -  They are mainly for outdoor use but you may need them in the house
when somebody is sick. That is why they are also known as bedside urinals.
E. Types of Pumps in Building Plumbing System

1. Sewer Ejector Pump – This is the kind of pump that will help to prevent clogging in your
sewer line and also handles pumping out a moderate amount of wastewater.
2. Sump Pump – This is one of the most common pumps, found in residences. It is located in the
basement below the local water line table. The low point that will tend to accumulate water
would have a sump pump installed
 3. Pony/Transfer Pump – This is a pump that was made to move water from one spot to
another, particularly if your basement is flooded. It would then move the water from your
basement to another spot.

III. Drainge Waste and Vent System - A drain-waste-vent system is a type of plumbing that enables
the removal of sewer gases from the system and the addition of air to facilitate faster drainage in
addition to allowing the discharge of waste from fixtures into septic tanks or the city's sewer lines.
The plumbing vent, sewer cleanout, drainpipes, drain traps, and septic tank/sewer line comprise the
system.