1. A safety valve spring having 11 coils has its ends squared and ground.

The outside
diameter of the coil is 104 mm, wire diameter is 13 mm and has a free length of
200 mm. If the modulus of elasticity in shear is 80 GPa, determine:
a. the length (mm) to which this spring must be initially compressed to hold a
boiler pressure of 1.45 MPa on a valve seat of 30 mm diameter.
b. the spring maximum stress (MPa) if compressed to its solid length.

Solution:

8 F C3 nc
δ=
G dw

N π
F = PA = (1.45 mm2) x 4 (30 mm)2 = 1024.94 N

Dm D o − dw 104 −13
C= = = =7
dw dw 13

8 F C3 nc 8 (1024.94) (7)3 (9)

δ= = N = 24.34 mm
G dw (80,000 ) (13 mm)
mm2

Lc = Lf – δ = 200 mm – 24.34 mm = 175.66 mm

Ls = (nc + 2 ) dw = (9 + 2) 13 = 143 mm

δ = Lf – Ls = 200 – 143 = 57 mm
N
δ G dw (57 mm) (80,000 ) (13 mm)
mm2
F= = = 2400.389 N
8 C3 nc 8 3
(7) (9)

4C− 1 0.615 4(7) − 1 0.615

Kw = + = + = 1.213
4C− 4 C 4(7) − 4 7

8 Kw F C 8 (1.213) (2,400.389 N) (7)

Ss max = 2 = = 307.11 MPa
π dw π (13 mm)2

2. A load of 4 tonne is to be raised by a short jack. The screw has an outside diameter
of 2 inches and a square thread of two turns per inch is used. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.15, determine the torque (lb-in) required to raise the load.

Solution:

Dm cos 𝜙 tan α + f
TTf = W ( ) (cos 𝜙 − f tan α)
2

1 in
L=
2 rev

1 in
L 2 rev inch
P= = thread = 0.5 thread
NT 1
rev

1 1
Dm = Do – h = Do – 2 P = 2 in – 2 (0.5 in) = 1.75 in

L 0.5 in
tan α = = = 0.0909
πDm π (1.75 in)

cos 𝜙 = cos 0° = 1

1.75 in 0.0909 + 0.15

TTf = (8,820 lb) ( ) (1 −(0.15) (0.0909)) = 1,884.846 lb-in
2
 3. A dumb waiter designed to travel a height of 4 m when loaded will have a maximum
gross weight of 70 kg. A coil spring is provided below to absorb shock in the event
that the dumb waiter should fall freely because of sudden breakage of the wire
rope carrying it. Determine the number of active coils if the coil spring will be
deflected to 28 cm in the event that the dumb waiter should accidentally fall and
hit the spring from its maximum height of travel. Use spring index of 8 and assume
maximum induced stress and shear modulus of elasticity to be 3800 kg/cm2 and
810,000 kg/cm2, respectively.

Solution:
δ dw G
nc =
8 F C3

2 [W (h + δ)] 2 [70 kg (400 cm + 28 cm)]

F= = = 2140 kg
δ 28 cm

4C− 1 0.615 4(8) − 1 0.615

Kw = + = + = 1.184
4C− 4 C 4(8) − 4 8

8 Kw F C
Ss max =
π dw 2

8 Kw F C (8) (1.184) (2140 kg) (8)

dw = √ S = √ kg = 3.686 cm
s max π (3800 2 ) π
cm

kg
(28 cm) (3.686cm) (810,000 )
cm2
nc =
(8) (2140 kg) (8)3
= 9.54 ≈ 10

4. An electric motor driven power screw moves a nut in a horizontal plane against a
force of 70 kN at a speed of 450 mm/min. The screw has a single square thread
of 6 mm pitch on a major diameter of 40 mm. The coefficient of friction at screw
threads is 0.15. Estimate the horsepower of the motor.

Solution:
2π T n
P=
60

Dm cos 𝜙 tan α + f
TTf = W ( ) (cos 𝜙 − f tan α)
2

P 6
Dm = Do – 2 = 40 – = 37 mm
2

L 6
tan α = = = 0.0516
π Dm π (37)

cos 𝜙 = cos 0° = 1

0.037 m 0.0516 + 0.15

TTf = (70 kN) ( ) (1 −(0.15) (0.0516)) = 0.263 kN-m
2

v=Ln
450 mm
min
n= = 75 rpm
6 mm
rev
2π (0.263 kN−m) (75 )
min
P= sec = 2.066 kW = 2.77 hp
60
min
 5. At the bottom of a mine shaft, a group of 10 identical close coiled helical springs
are set in parallel to absorb the shock caused by the falling of the cage in case of
a failure. If 70,000 N of net weight falls through a height of 50 meters from rest,
find the maximum stress (MPa) induced in each spring if it is made of 50 mm
diameter steel rod. The spring index is 6 and the number of active turns in each
spring is 20. Modulus of rigidity, G = 80 kN/mm2.

Solution:
8 Kw F C
Ss max =
π dw 2

8 F C3 nc 8F (6)3 (20)
δ= = N = 0.00864F
G dw (80,000 ) (50 mm)
mm2

δ
W (h + δ) = ( ) F
2

70,000 0.00864F
( 10
) (50,000 + 0.00864F ) = (
2
)F

3.5x108 + 60.48F = 0.00432F 2

F 2 − 14,000F − 8.10185x1010 = 0

Using quadratic equation:

−b±√b2 −4ac −(−14,000) ± √(−14,000)2 −4(−8.10185x1010 )

F= =
2a 2

F = 291,723.55 N --- taking + sign

4C− 1 0.615 4(6) − 1 0.615

Kw = + = + = 1.2525
4C− 4 C 4(6) − 4 6

8 (1.2525) (291,723.55 N) (6)

Ss max = = 2233.06 MPa
π (50 mm)2

6. A ¾ inch diameter square thread power screw has six threads per inch. It is to be
used to lower a load of 4,000 lb. For a coefficient of friction of 0.15, calculate the
torque required to rotate the screw in lb-in.

Solution:

Lowering the load

1
P= threads = 0.1667 in
6
inch

Dm cos 𝜙 tan α − f
TTf = W ( ) (cos 𝜙 + f tan α)
2

P 0.1667 in
Dm = Do – = 0.75 in – = 0.6667 in
2 2

L NT P (1) (0.1667 in)

tan α = = = = 0.0796
πDm πDm π (0.6667 in)

cos 𝜙 = cos 0° = 1

0.6667 in (0.0796) − 0.15

TTf = (4,000 lb) ( ) (1 + (0.15) (0.0796)) = - 92.764 lb-in
2