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Fourier Transform PPT

The document discusses using Fourier transforms to analyze circuits. It provides an outline and introduction on Fourier transforms and their applications to circuit analysis. The key steps are: [1] taking the Fourier transform of the excitation, [2] transforming circuit elements to the frequency domain, and [3] solving for the response and transforming back to the time domain. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the transfer function and using Parseval's theorem to relate signal energy in the time and frequency domains.

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Benita Agbagwara
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119 views18 pages

Fourier Transform PPT

The document discusses using Fourier transforms to analyze circuits. It provides an outline and introduction on Fourier transforms and their applications to circuit analysis. The key steps are: [1] taking the Fourier transform of the excitation, [2] transforming circuit elements to the frequency domain, and [3] solving for the response and transforming back to the time domain. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the transfer function and using Parseval's theorem to relate signal energy in the time and frequency domains.

Uploaded by

Benita Agbagwara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEG322

Circuits & Systems II

Network Analysis Using Fourier


Transform Method

Sunday Adetona, PhD


[email protected]
Outline
Introduction
Fourier Transform and Circuit Applications
◦ Procedure
◦ Transfer Function
◦ Examples
Parseval’s Theorem
Conclusion
Introduction
Fourier transforms (FT) exist for signals that are
Not physically realizable and
Have no Laplace transforms (LT).
The LT is better suited for the
Analysis of transient problems since it permits the inclusion of the
initial conditions, whereas the FT does not
The FT is especially useful for
Problems in the steady state
The FT provides
greater insight into the frequency characteristics of signals than
does the Laplace transform.
The Fourier transform converts a non-periodic function
𝒇(𝒕) into a 𝑭(𝝎), using

The inverse Fourier transform of 𝑭(𝝎) is


Fourier Transform and Circuit Applications
Procedure
Using the FT method to analyse a circuit involves:
Find the FT of the excitation,
Using FT eqn. or Table 2.1
Transform the circuit element into the frequency domain,

Solve for the unknown response


Using appropriate method
Transform the response to the time domain
Using the inverse FT eqn. or Table 2.1
Table 2.1. Fourier transform pairs
Transfer Function
The transfer function 𝑯 𝝎 is again defined as the ratio
of the output response 𝒀 𝝎 to the input excitation 𝑿 𝝎 ;
that is,
Example 2.1 Fig. 2.1

Upon using KCL on the Fig. 2.1(b), we


obtain
Fig. 2.1 𝑉0 𝜔 −
2
3+𝑗𝜔 𝑉0 𝜔
Solution 2
+ 1
𝑗𝜔
=0

𝑉0 𝜔 1
+ 𝑗𝜔𝑉0 𝜔 =
2 3+𝑗𝜔

2
1 + 𝑗2𝜔 𝑉0 𝜔 =
3+𝑗𝜔

The FT of Fig. 2.1 is 2 1 2


𝑉0 𝜔 = =
3+𝑗𝜔 1+𝑗2𝜔 (3+𝑗𝜔)(1+𝑗2𝜔)
1 𝑉0 (𝜔)
𝑗𝜔 1
=
Fig. 2.1(b) (3+𝑗𝜔)(0.5+𝑗𝜔)
Example 2.2: Fig. 2.2

Fig. 2.2
Solution:
The FT of excitation is FT 𝒊𝒔 (𝒕) =
 The FT of the circuit is
```````````````````
𝑰𝟎 𝝎 Upon using KVL on Fig. 2.2(b) we have

𝑰𝒔 𝝎
 Loop 1: 𝑰𝟏 𝝎 = 𝑰𝒔 𝝎
𝟏
𝑰𝟏 𝝎  L
𝑰𝟐 𝝎
1
𝑗0.5𝜔 Loop 2: 𝟐 𝑰𝟐 𝝎 − 𝑰𝟏 (𝝎) + 𝟒𝑰𝟐 (𝝎) + 𝑰 (𝝎)
𝒋𝟎.𝟓𝝎 𝟐
=𝟎
𝟏

Fig. 2.2(b) −𝟐𝑰𝟏 (𝝎)+ (𝟔 + )𝑰 (𝝎) =0
𝒋𝟎.𝟓𝝎 𝟐
Therefore,
𝟐𝑰𝟏 𝝎 𝒋𝝎𝑰𝟏 𝝎
𝑰𝟐 (𝝎) = 𝑰𝟎 𝝎 = 𝟏 =
(𝟔+𝒋𝟎.𝟓𝝎) (𝟏+𝒋𝟑𝝎)

 Upon using in 𝑰𝟏 𝝎 above eqn. we have


𝒋𝝎𝑰𝟏 𝝎
𝑰𝟎 𝝎 =
(𝟏+𝒋𝟑𝝎)

2.1;

∞ ∞
10𝜋 𝜔𝛿 𝜔 − 2 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝜔𝛿 𝜔 + 2 𝑗𝜔𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑑𝜔 + 𝑒 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 1 + 𝑗3𝜔 1 + 𝑗3𝜔
−∞ −∞
Parseval’s Theorem
Parseval’s theorem
demonstrates one practical use of the FT.
relates the energy carried by a signal to the FT of the signal.
If p(t) is the power associated with the signal,
the energy carried by the signal is

∞ ∞ 𝟐 ∞ 𝒗𝟐
𝑾 = 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 = −∞
𝒑 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = −∞
𝒊 𝑹𝒅𝒕= −∞ dt
𝑹
If R = 1𝛀; 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒏. 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
∞ 𝟐 ∞ ∞
𝑾𝟏𝛀 = 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 = = −∞ 𝒊 𝒅𝒕 = −∞ 𝒗𝟐 𝒅𝒕 = −∞
𝒇(𝒕)𝟐 𝒅𝒕
Parseval’s theorem states that
this same energy can be calculated in the frequency domain as

Therefore, the theorem is useful in calculating energy carried by


a signal either in the time domain or in the frequency domain.
Example 2.3:

Solution: -10< 𝜔 < 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

In the time domain


𝟏 ∞ 𝟐 𝟏 ∞ 𝟐 𝟏 ∞
𝑾𝟏𝟎𝛀 = −∞ 𝒗 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒇(𝒕) 𝒅𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓𝒆 −𝟔𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑹 𝑹 −∞ 𝟏𝟎 −∞

In the frequency domain


10
10

-10
10 −1 10
𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 339.4 mJ
3

339.4 m
81.45 %
10 Ώ 416.7 m
Conclusion
In this lecture, we have
◦ Developed procedure for carrying out Network Analysis Using FT Method
◦ Explained and demonstrated Parseval’s Theorem

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