1 CPE 107 Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

hilippines
MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
Santos City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Bachelor in Secondary Education Department

CPE 107: Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

Module 3:
NON-DIGITAL AND DIGITAL SKILLS AND TOOLS IN
DELIVERING TECHNOLOGY -ENHANCED LESSONS

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Describe the elements of digital literacies
- Conduct a self-evaluation on level of digital literacy skill

Lesson 3: Digital Literacy Skills in the 21st Century

The 21" Century has redefined digital literacy. It has broadened its perspective to include
other aspects of the 21" context. These literacies include (1) Cyber Literacy or Digital Literacy, (2)
Media Literacy, (3) Arts and Creativity Literacy, (4) Financial Literacy, (6) Multicultural Literacy or
Global Understanding. This lesson will focus on digital skills and digital literacy as a response to
the 21 Century developments.

The millennial students are generally tech-savvy, digital natives. They practically know
how to go about a tablet, an iPad, smartphones or laptops better than anyone else. This
suggests their digital skills.

However, are all students digital literates?

Thinking on how to use the digital tools, accessing information, and exhibiting ways of
working in a globally competitive contexts, together with skills in living in the 21st Century refer
to the digital literacies.

I. Digital Literacies

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Digital literacies are the individual's capabilities to be able to effectively and

responsibly function and perform in a digital society. The term 'digital literacy' was
coined by Paul Gilster in 1997 and it came from the discussion of the concepts on (a)
visual literacy when images and non-verbal symbols try to capture the knowledge; (b)
technological literacy requiring one to be able to use technology in addressing a need;
(c) computer literacy, which in the 1980s started to become a household item
manipulated to achieve one's target; and (d) information literacy which refers to the
finding, evaluating, using and sharing of information.

In the teaching and learning context, digital literacy is an important competence.

school, it has become a buzzword which refers to the ability to access, process,
understand, utilize, create media content using information technologies and the
internet (Hsieh, 2012). Study the varied digital literacies discussed below.

The Digital Literacies

Media Literacy - is one's ability to critically read information or content and utilize
multimedia in creatively producing communications.

Information Literacy is locating information from the web and interpreting while
evaluating its validity in order that it can be shared. ICT Literacy - is knowing how
to select and use digital devices, applications or services to accomplish tasks
requiring the use of the internet. Communications and Collaboration are one's
capabilities in being able to participate in the digital networks in the teaching and
learning context.

Identity Management is being able to understand how to ensure safety and

security in managing online identity and foster a positive digital reputation.

Learning Skills are ways of knowing how to study and learn in a enriched
environment, this is knowing how to utilize technology in need to learn
efficiently. technology.
addressing the

Digital Scholarship is being able to link and participate in professional and

research practices.

One important component of digital literacy is having an in-depth understanding

of concepts requiring essential core skills. These core skills are known as the Cs of the 21"
Century

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Skills.

II. The Four Cs of the 21" Century Skills

The four C's of the 21st Century Skills refer to critical thinking. communication,
and collaboration. To perform creativity. well in this century, you need to develop and
enhance these skills namely creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration.
All of these 21st century skills are essentials for students to do well in school and succeed
in the workplace.

1. Critical thinking is learning how to solve problems. It teaches students not

to accept immediately claims without seeking the truth. It is the ability to differentiate
facts from opinions and not only just learn a set of facts or figures but also discover
these for the sake of knowing what ought to be.

2. Creativity requires students to think out of the box and to take pride in
what is uniquely theirs. It means that they will be able to look at a problem from multiple
perspectives-including can propose multiple possibilities and alternatives to address a
problem and they need to take calculated risks. Creativity encourages students to think
beyond the expectations of conventions. However, creativity may not ensure success all
the time but it may lead to another direction that can actually be a better way of figuring
out how to solve the problem those that others may not see.

3. Communication makes students express their ideas in the clearest and

organized manner. Through varied modes face-to-face, technologically mediated or a
blended medium, they need to know how to efficiently and clearly convey ideas.

4. Collaboration happens when students know how to work well with others
to accomplish a given task or solve a problem at hand. This is a 21st essential. When
students are made to work with others in a pair or in a team, they are given the chance
to practice how to relate with others. They may be working with classmates they do not
really prefer to work with but with guidance, you can teach them to tap on the
capabilities of each member of the team and definitely see the need to know how to
collaborate with others in order for them to accomplish a job, and you have prepared
them for it. In other words, collaboration teaches students that groups can create
something bigger and better than you can on your own.

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In addition to the 4C's, there are Citizenship and Character. Citizenship is known
as netizenship in the virtual world. This is making the person consider how one behaves
accordingly by observing the norms and rules that are in accordance with what are
sociably and virtually acceptable. As a result, one is projecting a reputable digital identity
which is his or her character.

III. Digital Literacy Skills vs. Digital Literacy

Digital Literacy Skills are required in the wired world. These skills vary from texts
to images to multimedia. Future teachers who will be handling students considered as
tech savvy should equip themselves with competencies and fluencies needed to handle
the fast-emerging tools and applications that should be able to handle even artificial
intelligences.

Lynch (2017), identified eight digital literacy skills needed to become digitally
literate. These are:

1. Coding. - Coding is a universal language. Basic understanding of HTML,

CSS and the like will create a shared understanding of what can be done with the web
pages.

2. Collaboration. The use of Google Docs among others allows student to

begin experimenting with effective online collaboration.

3. Cloud software. This is essential part of document management. The

cloud is used to store everything from photos to research projects, to term papers and
even music.

4. Word Processing Software. - Google, Microsoft Online Drop Box are

available for storage and management solutions.

5. Screencasting. - A screencast is a video recording using the computer

screen, and usually includes an audio. On the other hand, when you take a picture on the
screen of your computer, it is called a Printscreen. Both can be used in explaining topics
as well as providing a visual support to clarify what you are thinking. While the
printscreen is a picture, the screencasting is a video screen capture which is a great way
to share ideas and is easy to use for novice video creator.

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6. Personal Archiving. Students should be taught the concepts of metadata,

tagging, keywords and categories to make them aware how are they represented online.

7. Information evaluation. Critical thinking to weed out fake news is a crucial

21" century skill. The use of tools and skills needed to process information are very much
needed.

8. Use of social media. - Social media serves different purposes depending

on the user, the technology and the need. For example, students should realize that
Twitter can be useful for staying current on the latest news in the field.

Digital literacy has been defined in many ways that is understandable by both
digital natives and digital immigrants. Teachers and students should not only be
proficient in how to use (digital skills) but they need to see the information and media
technology to find, evaluate, create and communicate information requiring both
cognitive and technical skills.

Here are examples of how Digital Skills or Proficiency support Digital Literacy.

Digital Skills Digital Literacy

1. Sending an email or text 1. Evaluate the appropriate digital channel for
online communication with peers, teachers
and parents.
2. Using Microsoft office/ Google 1. Identify the benefits and drawbacks of
each digital tool.

2. Evaluate critically which tool is most

effective for the project at hand.
3. Tweeting, Posting to Facebook, Uploading 1. Navigate the social media safely to
a Video to YouTube, or posting a photo to protect oneself.
Instagram
2. Identify hate propaganda and fake
news.
4. Researching from the worldwide web. 1. Evaluate the information online.
a. Is the site legitimate?
b.Is the author an expert?
c. Is the information current or dated?
d.Is the idea neutral or biased?

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Module Source:
Bilbao, P., Dequilla, M.A.C., Rosano, D. (2019). Technology for teaching and learning 1.
Quezon City, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Prepared and modified by: Almera M. Sales, MST