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Table of Contents

Sewage Disposal System 3

Sewage Disposal 4
Types of Sewage Disposal 5
Types of Sewer Line 7
Two Types of Sanitary Sewers 8

Sewage Treatment 9
Types of Sewage 9

Sewage treatment plant 11

Sewage Disposal and Drainage Provisions (Sanitation Code - P.D. 856 of 1975) 11
Sewage treatment plant processes fall into two basic types: 12
Steps in the Treatment Plant 14
Most Common Types of Sewage Treatment Plans (STP) 15

Codes and laws 16

References 17

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Objectives:

1. Discuss the Sewage Disposal System and Sewage disposal

● Types of sewage disposal

● Types of sanitary sewer

2. Discuss the Sewage Treatment

3. Discuss the Parameters in the septic Tank Design

4. Discuss Sewage treatment plant

Sewage Disposal System

● Means sanitary drainage systems, septic tanks, leaching pits, surface and subsurface leaching
filter beds, appurtenances, or other approved facilities for the disposal of sewage by means
other than through a public sewer.
● This means the structures, valves, pipes, pumps, meters, or other appurtenances used in the
conveyance through the sewer reticulation system and treatment works are under the control
of the Municipality. May be used by it in connection with the disposal of sewage and shall
include any sea outfall pipeline.
● This means all interceptor sewers, storm sewers, sanitary sewers, combined sanitary, sewage
treatment plants, and all other plants, applied or useful in connection with the collection,
treatment, and disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, including a stormwater drain system
under the jurisdiction and control of a governmental agency.

Examples of Sewage Disposal Systems

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Sewage Disposal

Sewage

● The liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution that passes
through a sewer as defined in section 220.9 of the revised code.
● The average amount of sewage that flows through the sewage system in 24 hours is called the
dry weather flow.

Scum

● A layer of sewage matter that rises to the surface of the sewage in a septic tank.

Sludge

● Sediment that settles out of sewage, forming a semi-solid mass on the bottom of a septic tank.
● A mass of sewage solids, which is buoyed up by entrained gas, grease, or other substances,
floating on the surface of wastes in a septic tank.

Effluent

● Liquid sewage that has been treated in a septic tank or a sewage treatment plant.
● This is the liquid discharge of a septic tank or other sewage treatment device or sewage
disposal works and includes sullage from open drains.

Have you all wondered where wastewater goes?

● Wastewater is collected in towns and urban areas that go its way from our local sanitary sewer
system to a wastewater treatment plant.

What is sewage composition?

● Sewage compositions are physical impurities, dissolved chemical impurities, and

microbiological impurities that came from our homes such as solids like vegetable and fruit
peeling, rice, oil and grease from our kitchens and laundry, chemical from detergents, and
more.
● Wastewater compositions contain 99.95% water and 0.05% impurities

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Types of Sewage Disposal

1. Cesspool

● The cesspool is a hole in the ground curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hollow blocks, or
other materials.
● A covered pit for receiving the sewage from a house, having a perforated lining to allow the
liquid portion of the sewage to leach into the ground while the sludge is retained in the pit to
undergo decomposition. Cesspools are no longer acceptable as a means of sewage disposal.

2. Privy

● It is a concrete-sealed vault with a wooden shelter constructed for the collection of raw
sewage.
● is a structure used as a toilet under a part or all of which is a vault or pit intended or
used for the reception of human waste matter.

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3. Septic Tank

● It is a device or receptacle used to expedite the decomposition of the elements contained in

raw sewage waste.
● covered watertight tank for receiving the discharge from a building sewer, separating out the
solid organic matter which is decomposed and purified by anaerobic bacteria, and allowing
the clarified liquid to discharge for final disposal.
4. Public Sewer Line

● It is a public sewage system, operated and maintained by the government.

● Is a public sewer system, operated and maintained by the government consisting of a sewage
treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage from buildings and houses to a disposal system.

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Types of Sewer Line

1. Combination Public Sewer

● A combined sewer is a type of gravity sewer that uses a network of pipes,
tunnels, pump stations, and other infrastructure to carry sewage and urban
runoff to a sewage treatment facility or disposal site simultaneously. This
indicates that when it rains, the sewage becomes more diluted, causing higher
flow rates at the treatment facility.

2. Sanitary Sewer
● Sanitary sewers are an underground network of pipes that transport sewage
from toilets, sinks, kitchens, and other plumbing fixtures to a wastewater
treatment facility where it is filtered, treated, and then released. The storm
sewer is a system created to transport drainage and runoff from rainfall.

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Two Types of Sanitary Sewers

Trunk Line Sewer

● It is a sanitary sewer that conveys sanitary waste to a dispersal plant.

● One of the main sewer lines in the wastewater collection system is the trunk sewer
pipes. They gather and transport sewage from your neighborhood's sewer lines to an
interceptor sewer pipe or directly to the local wastewater treatment plant.

Contributing Sewer

● The pipe is made of either vitrified clay or concrete pipe laid in an open trench.
● a waste-carrying conduit that empties directly or indirectly into an intercepting
sewer.

Storm Drain

● A sewer for conveying rainfall drained from roofs and paved surfaces.

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 Manhole

● It is a main and storm sewer device. Serves as man's access for inspection, cleaning,
and repair.

Sewage Treatment

● Wastewater treatment, also called sewage treatment, is the removal of impurities from
wastewater, or sewage before it reaches aquifers or natural bodies of water such as rivers,
lakes, estuaries, and oceans.

Types of Sewage

1. Domestic Sewage 2. Industrial Sewage

3. Storm Sewage

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PARAMETERS IN SEPTIC TANK DESIGN

1. The minimum inside dimension of a septic tank is 90 cm wide by 150 cm long.

2. For the effective decomposition of the organic materials inside the septic tank, a 120
cm depth of the liquid content is necessary.

3. The inlet and outlet invert of the septic tank shall be long turn sanitary tee. The inverts
are installed in the wall of the tank at least 120 cm from its bottom floor equally spaced
from both sides.

4. The invert is extended down the liquid of the tank not more than 30 cm to assure
smooth delivery of the incoming sewage below the scum line.

5. The baffle plate is extended down the bottom of the tank about 40 cm below the scum
line. Each tank compartment separated by a baffle plate is provided with a manhole.

6. The recommended material for septic tank construction is reinforced concrete with a
minimum thickness of 10 cm.

7. According to Section 3 of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (PCWS), a septic
tank should be designed to provide a minimum detention time of 24 hours for organic
matter.

8. The concrete septic tank is usually constructed in a regular form to retard the even flow
of the waste to avoid disturbing the decomposition processes inside the tank.

9. As per Section 5 of PCWS, the inlet pipe should be positioned at a height of 20 cm

above the liquid level to prevent the entry of floating solids into the outlet pipe.

10. As per Section 8 of PCWS, the septic tank should be cleaned and emptied at least
once every three years to remove the accumulated sludge and scum.

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Sewage treatment plant

● Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is a process of purification of Sewage water and reusing it for
Gardening, Agricultural, and other general Purpose.
● The basic function of wastewater treatment is to speed up the natural processes by which
water is purified.

● Its aim is to produce environmentally safe sewage water, called effluent, and solid waste
called sludge or biosolids, suitable for disposal or reuse. Reuse is often for agricultural
purposes, but more recently, sludge is being used as a fuel source.
● Alternative to Main Sewers.

Sewage Disposal and Drainage Provisions (Sanitation Code - P.D. 856 of 1975)

● Sec. 73. Operation of Sewage Treatment Works. Private or public sewerage systems shall:
● d. Provide for the treatment of all sewage entering the treatment plant.

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Sewage treatment plant processes fall into two basic types:

Anaerobic Sewage Treatment (SEPTIC TANKS)

● Sewage is partly decomposed by anaerobic bacteria in a tank without the introduction of air,
which contains oxygen. Widely used to treat wastewater sludge and organic waste because it
provides volume and mass reduction of the input material to a large extent. (Usually done on
primary treatment)

Aerobic Sewage Treatment (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS)

● In this process, aerobic bacteria digest the pollutants. To establish an aerobic bacterial colony
you must provide air for the bacteria to breathe. (Usually done on secondary treatment)

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Preliminary Treatment

● Before these treatments, preliminary removal of rags, cloths, sanitary items, etc. is also
carried out at municipal sewage works.

Preliminary Treatment

● First, the solids are separated from the sewage. They settle out at the base of a primary
settlement tank.

Secondary treatment

● conversion to clean water through oxygen-breathing, water-borne aerobic micro-organisms,

and bacteria.

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Tertiary Treatment

● is done when the effluent resulting from secondary treatment is not clean enough for
discharge

Steps in the Treatment Plant

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Most Common Types of Sewage Treatment Plans (STP)

SBR-Sequencing Batch Reactor

DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 41 SERIES OF 2018 DPWH Standard Specification for Item
1729 -Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) - Dynamic Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Process.

MBR-Membrane Bioreactor

MBBR-Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

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Codes and laws

Sewage Disposal and Drainage Provisions (Sanitation Code - P.D. 856 of 1975)

● CHAPTER XVII - SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL, EXCRETA DISPOSAL

AND DRAINAGE
● Sec. 74. Requirements in the Operation of Sewage Works and Sewage Treatment Plants.

The following are required for sewerage works and sewage treatment plants:

a. All houses covered by the system shall be connected to the sewer in areas where a sewerage system
is available.

b. Outfalls discharging effluent from a treatment plant shall be carried to the channel of the stream or
to deep water where the outlet is discharged.

c. Stormwater shall be discharged to a storm sewer, and sanitary sewage shall be discharged to a

sewerage system carrying sanitary sewage only, but this should not prevent the installation of a
combined system.

d. Properly designed grease traps shall be provided for sewers from restaurants or other
establishments where the sewage carries a large amount of grease.

5.2.2 Operation of Sewage Treatment Plants

a. the sewage treatment plant shall be capable of treating the flow of sewage discharged by the
community in the area.

b. The type of sewage treatment plant shall be approved by the Secretary or his duly authorized
representative and the effluent from such treatment plants shall meet the standards formulated by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

c. The sewage treatment plant shall provide laboratory facilities for control tests and other
examinations needed.

d. Operating data, control tests and such other records as may be required shall be forwarded to the
local health authority.

e. The local health authority shall be informed in case of breakdown or improper functioning of the
treatment works.

f. Where a sewage treatment plant is provided, no sewage shall be allowed to bypass the plant.

g. The sewage treatment plant shall be managed by a registered sanitary engineer.

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References

https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/sewage-disposal-system Links to an external site.

https://stock.adobe.com/;

https://www.indiamart.com/;

https://biorock.com/

https://www.bnh.co.uk/;

https://organicabiotech.com/;

https://www.alamedaca.gov/

https://theoriginalplumber.com/;

https://www.researchgate.net/;

https://genesiswatertech.com/;

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE 2ND ED.

https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/DO_041_s2018.pdf

https://www.netsolwater.com/on-site-sanitation,-pit-privy-vs-aqua-privy.php?blog=2441

https://www.bnh.co.uk/cesspools-dorset/

https://www.epa.gov/septic/types-septic-systems

https://www.alamedaca.gov/Departments/Public-Works-Department/Private-Sewer-
Lateral

https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Municipal-Wastewater/Combined-Sewer-Overflows-
Frequently-Asked-Questions

https://www.azstorm.org/stormwater-101/storm-vs-sanitary-sewer

https://blog.wincan.com/sewer-basics-parts-of-a-manhole-glossary

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