:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf

l;h{gfTds snf

sIff $

g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/
k|sfzs
g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

© ;jf{lwsf/ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

978-9937-601- -

o; kf7\ok':ts;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/df lglxt

/x]sf] 5 . kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|sf] lnlvt :jLs[ltljgf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu o;sf] k'/}
jf cf+lzs efu x'ax' k|sfzg ug{, kl/jt{g u/]/ k|sfzg ug{, s'g} ljB'tLo ;fwg jf cGo
k|ljlwaf6 /]s8{ ug{ / k|ltlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .

k|yd ;+:s/0f M lj=;+ @)&(

kf7\ok':ts;DaGwL kf7sx¿sf s'g} klg k|sf/sf ;¬´fjx¿ ePdf kf7\oj|md ljsf;

s]Gb|, ;dGjo tyf k|sfzg zfvfdf k7fOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 . kf7sx¿af6 cfpg]
;¬´fjx¿nfO{ s]Gb| xflb{s :jfut ub{5 .
 xfd|f] egfO
kf7\oj|md lzIf0f l;sfOsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . kf7\ok':ts ljBfyL{df ck]lIft bIftf ljsf; ug]{ Ps d'Vo
;fwg xf] . o; kIfnfO{ b[li6ut ub} kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ Jofjxfl/s, ;do;fk]If /
u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] p2]Zon] kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb}
cfPsf] 5 . cfwf/e"t lzIffn] afnaflnsfdf cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf, ul0ftLo cjwf/0ff / l;k Pjd\ hLjgf]
kof]uL l;ksf] ljsf;sf ;fy} JolStut :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmf;DaGwL afgLsf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg
ug{'k5{ . cfwf/e"t lzIffsf dfWodaf6 afnaflnsfx¿n] k|fs[lts tyf ;fdflhs jftfj/0fk|lt ;r]
t eO{ cg'zf;g, ;bfrf/ / :jfjnDag h:tf ;fdflhs Pjd\ rfl/lqs u'0fsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . o;n]
lj1fg, jftfj/0f / ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fgsf] ljsf; u/fO{ snf tyf ;f}Gbo{k|lt cle?lr
hufpg'k5{ . zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL, :jf:Yos/ afgL Pjd\ l;h{gfTdstfsf] ljsf; tyf hfthflt, wd{, efiff,
;+:s[lt, If]qk|lt ;Ddfg / ;defjsf] ljsf; klg cfwf/e"t lzIffsf ck]lIft kIf x'g\ . b]zk|]d, /fli6«o
Pstf, nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotf tyf ;+:sf/ l;sL Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf k|of]u ug'{, ;fdflhs u'0fsf]
ljsf; tyf gful/s st{Jok|lt ;hutf ckgfpg', / b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿sf]
klxrfg u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] vf]hL ug'{ klg cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIffsf cfjZos kIf x'g\ . o; kIfnfO{
b[li6ut u/L ljBfno lzIffsf] /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k,@)&^ cg';f/ ljsf; ul/Psf] cfwf/e"t lzIff
-sIff $_ sf] :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf ljifosf] kf7\oj|mdcg'¿k k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt ;'emfj;d]t
;dfof]hg u/L of] kf7\ok':ts ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .
o; kf7\ok':tssf] n]vg 8f= /d]z kf]v/]n, 8f= dfwj s'df/ >]i7, >L ob'/fd pk|]tL, >L >Lxl/
>]i7 / >L ;'dg l;njfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ o; :j¿kdf Nofpg] sfo{df o;
s]Gb|sf dxflgb]{zs >L c0fk|;fb Gof}kfg], >L /]g'sf kfG8] e';fn, k|f= 8f= /fds[i0f dxh{g, k|f=8f=
lzjz/0f dxh{g, k|f=8f=lrqaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, ;x=k|f= ;'hg lrqsf/, ;x k|f= ;'/]zh+u zfxL,
>L k'ik yfkf du/, >L k|lbk aGhg, >L ofbj cfrfo{, >L d+unfb]jL kf}8]n, >L ;ljtf 8+uf]n /
>L o'j/fh clwsf/Lsf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] efiff ;Dkfbg 8f= u0f]zk|;fb e6\6/fO{, >L lrgfs'df/L
lg/f}nfaf6, snf ;Dkfbg >L >Lxl/ >]i7af6 ePsf] xf] . o; kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf;df ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{k|lt
s]Gb| xflb{s s[t1tf k|s6 u5{ .
o; kf7\ok':tsn] ljBfyL{df lgwf{l/t ;Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{] 5 . o;n]
ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ / cfwf/e"t ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf sIff lj|mofsnfkaf6
x'g] l;sfOnfO{ dha't agfpg ;xof]u ug{] 5 . To;}n] of] lzIfssf] l;sfO lj|mofsnfksf] of]
hgf geO{ ljBfyL{sf l;sfOnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;fdu|L xf] . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf afns]lGb|t, l;sfOs]lGb|t, cg'ejs]lGb|t, p2]Zod"ns,
k|of]ud'vL / lj|mofsnfkdf cfwfl/t agfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . l;sfO / ljBfyL{sf] hLjGt cg'ejlar
tfbfTDo sfod ub}{ o;sf] ;xh k|of]u ug{ lzIfsn] ;xhstf{, pTk|]/s, k|jw{s / vf]hstf{sf ¿kdf
e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; k':tsnfO{ c´ kl/is[t kfg{sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs,
a'l4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t ljz]if e"ldsf /xg] x'Fbf ;Da4 ;a}sf] /rgfTds ;'´fjsf nflu
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
lj= ;+= @)&( kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
 ljifo;"rL

PsfO ljifoj:t' k[i7;ª\Vof

kf7 M! JolStut :jR5tf !

kf7 M@ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO !)

kf7 M# vfgf / kf]if0f !(

kf7 M$ /f]u tyf kbfy{x¿sf] b'Jo{;g @(

kf7 M% xfd|f] ;'/Iff $)

kf7 M^ sjfh / zf/Ll/s Jofofd $(

kf7 M& PYn]l6S; / lhDgfl:6s %(

kf7 M* v]nx¿ &!

kf7 M( of]u *@

kf7 M!) /]vflrq / /ª *&

kf7 M!! 5kfO, df6fsf] sfd, sf]nfh / lgdf{0f !))

kf7 M!@ ufog / jfbg !!%

kf7 M!# g[To / clego !@&

 !
PsfO
JolStut :jR5tf (Personal Hygiene)

xfdLn] 6fpsf], gfs, sfg, cfFvf, d'v, bfFt, xft, uf]8f, gª / 5fnf
cflbsf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ug'{k5{ . z/L/sf aflx/L cª\usf]
lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ug]{ sfo{nfO{ JolStut :jR5tf elgG5 . :j:y
hLjgofkgsf nflu x/]sn] JolStut :jR5tf sfod /fVg'k5{ .
lrq x]/f}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“ M

-s_ dflysf lrqdf afnaflnsfx¿n] s] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ < s] tkfO{F klg

z/L/sf aflx/L cª\ux¿sf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx ug{'x'G5 <
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 1
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] z/L/ lsg ;kmf /fVg'k5{ <
!=! z/L/sf] x]/rfx / ;/;kmfO (Hygiene and care of body)
xfdL ;a} b}lgs ¿kdf s'g} g s'g} sfddf ;xefuL x'G5fF} . sfd ubf{
xfd|f] z/L/af6 kl;gf cfpF5 . z/L/df w'nfsf s0f / /f]usf sL6f0f'x¿
klg 6fFl;g ;S5g\ . kl;gf, w'nf] / /f]usf sL6f0f'x¿ ;kmf ug{ z/L/sf]
lgoldt ;/;kmfO ug'{k5{ . ;/;kmfO ug]{ afgLn] /f]u nfUb}g . z/L/sf
cª\ux¿sf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO / x]/rfx uèof}F eg] xfdL / xfd|f] kl/jf/
:j:y aG5 .
lj|mofsnfk !=!
tkfO{“sf] cfÇgf] Jojxf/df l7s lrx\g -√_ nufpg'xf];\ M
xKtfsf]
xKtfsf] Ps
j|m=;= z/L/sf] x]/rfx / ;/;kmfO x/]s lbg b'O{ tLg
k6s
k6s
!= d'v w'g]
@= bfFt df‰g]
#= sfg ;kmf /fVg]
$= skfn sf]g]{
%= xftuFf]8f w'g]
^= gª sf6\g]
&= lha|f] ;kmf ug]{
*= g'xfpg]

2 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

syf k9f“} / 5nkmn u/f}“ M
zlgaf/sf] lbg bfjf / pgsL alxgL cfdfa'af;Fu s/];faf/Ldf uP . pgLx¿n]
s/];faf/Ldf cfdfa'afnfO{ uf]8d]n ug{ ;xof]u u/] . pgLx¿n] s/];faf/Laf6
kms]{kl5 ;fa'gkfgLn] ldrLldrL xftuf]8f wf]P / vfgf vfP .
vfgf vfPkl5 b'j} hgfn] a'?; / dGhgn] bfFt klg dfem] . pgLx¿ laxfg /
a]n'sf vfgf vfPkl5 ;wF} bfFt df‰g] u5{g\ . of] pgLx¿sf] /fd|f] afgL xf] .

lbpF;f] b'j} hgfn] g'xfP . b'j} hgfn] cfFugdf a;]/ kfl/nf] 3fd klg
tfk] . To;kl5 xftuf]8fsf gª sf6] . cfdfn] b'j} hgfnfO{ 6fpsf], z/L/
/ xftuf]8fdf t]n nufOlbg'eof] . To;kl5 pgLx¿ cfFugdf v]Ng yfn]] .
v]ln;s]kl5 ;fa'gkfgLn] /fd|f];Fu xftuf]8f wf]P/ vfhf vfP . a]n'sL s]xL
a]/ cWoog u/] / ;'t] . bfjf / pgsL alxgLn] zlgaf/sf] lbg o;/L latfP .
-s_ tkfO{“nfO{ bfjf / pgsL alxgLsf] afgL Jojxf/ s:tf] nfUof] <
-v_ tkfO{“sf s'g s'g afgL Jojxf/ pgLx¿;“u ldN5g\ <
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 3
 lj|mofsnfk !=@
tkfO{“n] uPsf] zlgaf/ u/]sf sfdx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .

!=@ xft w'g] tl/sf (Ways of hand washing)

zf}rfno uP/ cfPkl5, v]n v]n]kl5, df6f], afn'jf jf cGo s'/fx¿
rnfPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] ldrLldrL xft w'g'k5{ . vfgf vfg'cl3 / vfgfkl5,
3/aflx/ uP/ cfPkl5, v]taf/Ldf sfd u/]kl5 klg xft w'g'k5{ .
xft ;fa'g jf x\ofG8 jf; / ;kmf kfgLn] xft w'g'k5{ . s'g} j:t' 5'Fbf,
rnfpFbf jf aflx/ uPsf a]nfdf ;fa'g / kfgL gePsf] cj:yfdf
;]lg6fOh/n] klg xft ;kmf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fa'g geP v/fgL / kfgLn] xft
;kmf u/L ls6f0f'/xLt agfpg ;lsG5 .
-s_ xft w'gsf nflu s'g s'g ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
-v_ s] tkfO{s
“ f ljBfnodf xft w'gsf nflu ;fa'g / kfgLsf] Joj:yf 5 <
xft w“'bf lrqdf b]vfPh:t} 5 r/0fdf w'g'k5{ M
klxnf] r/0f
kfgLn] xft lehfP/ ;fa'g nufO{ Ps xTs]nfn] csf]{
xTs]nfnfO{ ldRg]
bf];|f] r/0f
bflxg] xTs]nfn] b]a|] xftsf] dflyNnf] efu ldRg] / b]a|]
xTs]nfn] bflxg] xftsf] dflyNnf] efu ldRg]
t];|f] r/0f
cfF}nfsf] leqL efudf csf]{ xftsf] cf}Fnfn] ldRg]
4 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
rf}yf] r/0f
cf}Fnfsf] k5fl8sf] efudf csf]{ xftsf] xTs]nfleq xfnL
ldRg]
kf“rf“} r/0f
xTs]nfn] a'9Lcf}Fnf ;dft]/ ldRg]
5}6f}“ r/0f
xftsf cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfx¿ csf]{ xftsf] xTs]nfsf lardf
kf/]/ kfn} kfnf] ldRg]

æxft wf]cf}“, /f]u eufcfF}æ

a]nf a]nfdf ;fa'g kfgLn] sDtLdf klg @) ;]s]G8
ldrLldrL xft w'g] afgLn] sf]/f]gfnufot cGo /f]uaf6
klg aRg ;lsG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !=#
;a}n] kfn}kfnf] u/L xft w'g] tl/sf k|bz{g u/L ;kmf ?dfnn] xft k'5\g'xf];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 5

!=# bf“t df‰g] tl/sf l;sf}“ M
bfFt dfemf}F ;fFem laxfg vfgf vfPkl5
yf]/} yf]/} dGhgnfO{ a'?;df /fvL
;kmf g/d a'?;n] bfFt dfem\g'k5{
bfofFafofF tndfly a'?; bNg'k5{
kmf]xf]/ hlt ;a} lemsfF} s'gf sfKrf vf]hL
oxL kmf]xf]/n] ls/f nfU5 cN5L u/]kl5
d'vleq kfgL /fvL s'Nnf klg u/f}F
a'?;nfO{ htgn] /fVg] afgL l;sf}F
;kmf eP bfFt xfd|f v';L klg nfU5
s'gf sfKrf n'Sg] kmf]xf]/ 8/fP/ efU5 .
vfgf vfg z'å af]Ng bfFt xfd|f] ;fyL
s8f j:t' 6f]Sbf eg] Vofn ug'{ hftL
;kmf eP bfFt luhf /f]u eufpF5
a]nf a]nf c:ktfn uO{ hFrfpg'k5{

6 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 lj|mofsnfk !=$

lrqdf b]vfP h:t} bf“t df‰g] cEof; k|bz{g ug{'xf];\ M

!= bf“tnfO{ hf]8]/ a'?;nfO{ tndfly / bfof“ afof“ rnfpg'xf];\ .
@= a'?;nfO{ ufnfleq l5/fP/ tn / dfly ub}{ s'gfsf] bf“t df‰g'xf];\ .
#= dflyNnf] / tNnf] bf“tsf] leqk6\l6sf] efunfO{ a'?; l5/fp“b} df‰g'xf];\ .
$= b'j}tkm{ vfgf rkfpg] aª\uf/fnfO{ df‰g'xf];\ .
%= b'j}tkm{ aª\uf/fsf] leqL ;tx -luhf;“u 6f“l;Psf] efu_ nfO{ df‰g'xf];\ .

d cfÇgf] bf“t ;kmf /fVg tnsf sfo{ klg u5{' M

-s_ d laxfg / a]n'sf vfgf vfPkl5 bfFt df‰5' .
-v_ d bfFt df‰gsf nflu g/d / ;kmf a'?;sf] k|of]u u5{' .
-u_ d bfFt dfem]kl5 s'Nnf klg u5'{ .
-3_ d bfFt dfem]kl5 a'?; htg u/]/ /fV5' .
-ª_ d a]nf a]nfdf bfFtsf] k/LIf0f ug{ c:ktfn hfG5' .
!=$ dlxgfjf/Lsf] kl/ro (Introduction to menstruation)
ph]nL !@ jif{sL eOg\ . Ps lbg pgLn] lk;fa ug{ hfFbf cfÇgf] n'ufdf /ut
nfu]sf] b]lvg\ . pgn] v]Nbfv]/L st} rf]6k6s kf] nfUof] ls eg]/ otfplt
klg x]l/g\ . t/ sxLF klg rf]6k6s nfu]sf] b]lvgg\ . pgn] of] s'/f
cfdfnfO{ ;'gfOg\ . cfdfn] pgnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ePsf] xf] eg]/ Kof8 nufpg
lbg'eof] . pxfFn] k|To]s rf/ b]lv 5 306fdf Kof8 kl/jt{g ug'{k5{
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 7
egL l;sfpg'eof] . Kof8 k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 plrt la;{hg ug]{ tl/sf
klg atfpg'eof] . a]nf a]nfdf of}g cª\u ;kmf kfgLn] ;kmf ug{ klg
l;sfpg'eof] . pgLx¿sf s'/f ;'g]/ a'afn] 5f]/L ca lszf]/L eOg eGg'eof] .
tkfO{Fsf] sIffsf s'g} ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg ph]nLnfO{ h:t} dlxgfjf/L ePsf]
x'g ;S5 . x/]s dlxgf s]6Lx¿sf] of}g cª\uaf6 rf/ kfFr lbg;Dd
/ut aUg] k|lj|mof dlxgfjf/L xf] . s;}s;}nfO{ ;ft cf7 lbg;Dd klg
/ut aUg ;S5 . dlxgfjf/L ePkl5 s]6Lx¿sf] zf/Ll/s j[l4 / dfgl;s
ljsf; l56f] x'G5 . ;fdfGotof !) jif{sf] pd]/kl5 s]6Lx¿nfO{ /h:jnf
x'g] u5{ . dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf nhfpg' / 8/fpg'kb{}g . of] k|fs[lts k|lj|mof
xf] . ph]nLn] h:t} tkfO{Fn] klg ljBfnodf x'Fbf lzIfs tyf ;fyLsf] /
3/df x'Fbf clejfjssf] ;xof]u lng'k5{ . o:tf] a]nf cfk\mgf] cfdf,
lbbLalxgLnfO{ 3/sf k'?if ;b:o klg ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . o;}u/L ljBfnodf
klg lzIfs / ;fyLefO{n] lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .
;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ ph]nLn] cfkm" dlxgfjf/L ePsf] s'/f s;/L yfxf kfOg\ <
-v_ ph]nLn] cfÇgf] ;d:of s;nfO{ ;'gfOg\ < tkfO{“ eP s] ug{'x'GYof] <
-u_ dlxgfjf/L ePsf a]nf lszf]/LnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:on] s:tf] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ <
lj|mofsnfk !=%
cg'ej ;'Gg'xf];\ M
dlxgfjf/L eO;s]sf sf]xL Ps hgf cfkmGtnfO{ klxnf] k6s dlxgfjf/L x'“bfsf]
cg'ej ;'gfpg nufpg'xf];\ . dlxgfjf/L x'“bf s] s] k"j{tof/L ug{'kg]{ /x]5
;f]wvf]h u/L ;fyLnfO{ klg ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

8 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

cEof;
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ JolStut :jR5tf eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] z/L/sf] ;/;kmfO lsg ug'{k5{ <
-u_ tkfO{F cfÇgf] z/L/sf] x]/rfx s;/L ug{'x'G5 <
-3_ tkfO{{F s] s] sfd u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 <
-ª_ lgoldt bfFt df‰bf xfdLnfO{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <
-5_ dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= pko'St zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/L vfnL 7f“p eg{'xf];\ M
-s_ lgoldt ;/;kmfO gubf{ xfdLnfO{ ===================nfUg ;S5 .
-v_ z/L/sf aflx/L cª\ux¿sf] ;/;kmfO ug{'nfO{ ========= elgG5= .
-u_ xft w'gsf nflu ===================/ ============sf] cfjZos k5{ .
-3_ laxfg /==============vfgf vfPkl5 bfFt df‰g] afgL /fd|f] xf] .
-ª_ s]6Lx¿sf] ==================af6 /ut aUg'nfO{ dlxgfjf/L elgG5 .
#= kl/of]hgf sfo{ M
-s_ tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/ jf l5d]sLsf s'g} ;b:ox¿ b]z jf ljb]zdf x'g
;Sg'x'G5 . kl/jf/sf s'g} Ps ;b:on] cGo ;b:onfO{ ;~rf/
dfWod jf ;fdflhs ;~hfn ;d]tsf] k|of]u u/L kfl/jfl/s
:jf:Yo ;Nnfx / k/fdz{ lbg'ePsf] xf]nf . ef}lts b'/Ldf /x]/
klg kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿aLr :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;Nnfx / k/fdz{
cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; ;DaGwdf tkfO{+sf ;fyLx¿;Fu
5nkmn u/L lgrf]8 sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 9
 @
PsfO
jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO
(Environmental Sanitation)

xfdLn] xfd|f] 3/, cfFug, uf]7 / s/];faf/L ;kmf /fVg'k5{ . af6f]3f6f], kfgLsf]
d'xfg, rf}tf/f] / d7 dlGb/ cflbsf]] klg ;/;kmfO ug'{k5{ . o;/L xfd|f]
j/k/sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5, ;kmf / x/fe/f /fVg' jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO
xf] . j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . xfd|f] j/k/sf]
jftfj/0f ;kmf ePdf dfq xfdL :j:y /xg ;S5f}F . xfdL :j:y eof}F eg]
xfd|f] jftfj/0f klg :j:Yo /fVg ;S5f} .
lrq x]/L ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ M

-s_ lrqdf afnaflnsfx¿ s] s] ul//x]sf 5g <

-v_ kmf]xf]/ d}nfnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] lj;h{g ul/Pg eg] s] x'G5 <
-u_ xfdLn] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f lsg ;kmf /fVg'k5{ <
10 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
@=! jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] dxŒj (Importance of environmental
sanitation )

;'GtnL a'af;Fu :jf:Yo rf}sL uPsL lyOg\ . pgn] gful/s k|tLIffnosf]

leQfdf s]xL kf]:6/x¿ 6fFl;Psf b]lvg\ . ;'GtnLn] tL kf]:6/ kl9g\ . kf]:6/
df tnsf ;Gb]z n]lvPsf lyP M
xfdLn] 3/, cf“ug, af6f]3f6f],kfgLsf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] dxŒj
d'xfg / 6f]n l5d]s j/k/sf] jftfj/0f jftfj/0f ;kmf ePdf ========
;kmf /fVg'k5{ . lem“uf, nfdv'6\6] / e';'gfsf]
6f]sfOaf6 nfUg] /f]ux¿af6 arfp“5 .
kmf]xf]/ / b'u{Gwaf6 km}ng ;Sg] ;?jf
/f]ux?af6 ;'/lIft /fV5 .
:jR5 / ;kmf jftfj/0fdf a;]/ k9\g, v]Ng
/ /dfpg ;lsG5 .
:jR5 xfjf k|fKt ug{ dbt u5{ .
:jR5 / ;'/lIft kfgL k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
jftfjf/0f ;/;kmfO sfod /fVg' ;a} ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofp“5 .
gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] .
lj|mofsnfk @=!
ljBfno j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf cjnf]sg u/L ldNbf] sf]7fdf
l7s lrx\g-√_nufpg'xf];\ .ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f ;kmf 5}g eg] ;/;kmfO ug'{xf];\ .
j|m= ;= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf 5 ;kmf 5}g
!= rd]gf u[x
@= auF}rf
#= sIffsf]7f
$= cfFug / rf}/
%= zf}rfno
^= wf/f
&= ljBfno glhssf] af6f]
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 11
@=@= 3/ / ljBfno j/k/sf] jftfj/0fsf] ;/;kmfO (Cleanliness of
home and surrounding)

nf]rgsf] 3/ ufpFdf 5=. pgsf] 3/ cufl8 km/flsnf] cfFug 5 . 3/sf]

5]j}df wf/f] 5 . wf/f] glhs} s/];faf/L 5 . s/];faf/L glhs} ufO{sf] uf]7
klg 5 . nf]rgsf a'af / cfdf laxfg p7]/ 3/sf] ;/;kmfO ug{'x'G5 . cfdfn]
3/leqsf] ;/;kmfO ug{'x'G5 . a'afn] zf}rfno / wf/f j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO
ug{'x'G5 . nf]rg / pgsL lbbL ldn]/ laxfg lkF9L / cfFug a9f5{g\ . To;kl5
pgLx¿ lkF9Ldf ;'sn ' cf]5o\ fP/ k9\5g\ . ;kmf cfFugdf ljleGg v]n v]N5g\ .

-ufpFn] kl/j]z emNsg] 3/, 3/sf] cfuf8L km/flsnf] cfug, cfFugdf s]6fs]6L v]nL /x]sf, 5]j}df la:s'g
;'sfOPsf], 3/sf] 5]j}df 3f/f], wf/f] glhs} s/];faf/L /x]sf] lrq_

nf]rgsL cfdf / a'af b'jh

} gf ldn]/ wf/fdf n'uf w'g] ug{x' G' 5 . n'uf wf]P/ cfPsf]
kfgLnfO{ s/];faf/Ldf nufpg'x'G5 . lemFuf tyf cGo ls/fx¿ gcfpg\ eg]/
nf]rgsf a'afn] a]nf a]nfdf wf/f j/k/ ;kmf ug{'x'G5 . nf]rgsf a'af /
cfdf jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOk|lt ;r]t x'g'x'G5 .
12 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
nf]rgsf] a'af / cfdf ufO{uf]7df klg sfd ug{'x'G5 . pxFfx¿n] uf]7nfO{
;kmf /fVg'x'G5 . ufO{ uf]7glhs} dn hDdf ug]{ vfN8f] 5 . ufO{j:t'sf]
uf]a/nfO{ oxL vfN8fdf xfn]/ dn agfpg'x'G5 . v]/ uPsf vfg]
s'/f, t/sf/L / kmnkm"nsf af]j|mf ufO{j:t'nfO{ vfg lbg'x'G5 . cGo
s'lxg] kmf]xf]/ dn vfN8fdf xfn]/ dn agfpg'x'G5 . ToxL dnnfO{
s/];faf/Ldf k|of]u ug'x{ G' 5 . nf]rgsf 3/df ;'/lIft tl/sfn] kmf]xf]/ lj;h{g
ug'{x'G5 . pgLx¿ cfˆg} s/];faf/Ldf plAhPsf] tfhf / :jR5 t/sf/L vfg]
u5{g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ :j:Yo / tGb'?:t 5g\ .
nf]rgsf] 3/ glhs ljBfno 5 . pgsf] ljBfno j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf
5 . pgLx¿ ;a} ldn]/ ljBfnoleq / j/k/ ;kmf /fV5g\ . pgsf] ljBfnodf
;kmf zf}rfno, :jR5 vfg]kfgL, :j:y / kf}li6s vfhfsf] Joj:yf klg
5 . ljBfnoaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . ;kmf,
:jR5 / afnd}qL jftfj/0fdf pgLx¿ /dfP/ k9\g] / v]Ng] u5{g\ .
5nkmn u/f}“ M
-s_ nf]rgsf] 3/ / j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO ss;n] ug'{x'G5 <
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] ljBfno / j/k/sf] jftfj/0f lsg ;kmf ug'{k5{ <
lj|mofsnfk @=@
ljBfnosf] ;/;kmfO ug{ sfo{tflnsf agfpg'xf];\ . tkfO{“{n] ljBfno j/k/sf]
jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVgsf] sf];“u ldn]/ s] s] sfd ug{'ePsf] 5 < tnsf] tflnsf
eg{'xf];\ M
s'g sfd < sf] sf];“u ldn]/ ug{'ePsf] <
!= ========================================= != =========================================
@= ========================================= @= =========================================
#= ======================================= #= =======================================
$= ======================================== $= ========================================
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 13
@=# rkL{sf] cfjZostf / dxŒj (Need and importance of toilet)
tnsf 36gfx¿ k9f}“ / 5nkmn u/F}“ M
36gf !
s'g} a]nf lkknaf]6] ufpFsf w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿sf 3/df rkL{ lyPg . pgLx¿
v]taf/L, sfGnfd'lg, vf]N;f] / kfgLsf] d'xfg glhs lb;f lk;fa uy{] . Ps k6s
ufpFdf emf8fkvfnfsf] dxfdf/L rNof] . w]/} dflg;x¿ la/fdL k/] . hyfefjL
lb;flk;fa u/]sfn] kfgL b"lift eP/ emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf
r]tgfd"ns sfo{j|md eof] . of] 36gfkl5 ufpFsf dflg;x¿ ;r]t ag] .
k|To]s 3/df rkL{ ag] . rkL{df lb;flk;fa ug{ yfn]kl5 pgLx¿ ;a} :j:Yo 5g\ .
36gf @
uf}/Lsf] 3/df rkL{ 5}g . pgsf] kl/jf/ v]taf/L / af6f3f6fdf lb;flk;fa u5{g\ .
pgsf] ;fgf] efO cfFugsf] 5]j}df lb;f u5{ . Ps k6s uf}/L la/fdL kl/g\ . a'afn]
:jf:Yo :jod\;j] snfO{ af]nfP/ Nofpg'eof] . :jod\;j] sn] uf}/LnfO{ emf8fkvfnf
nfu]sf] eGg'eof] / hLjghn agfP/ vfg lbg'eof] . :jod\;]jsn] v'nf 7fpFdf
lb;flk;fa u/]sf sf/0fn] emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxFfn] 3/df rkL{
agfpg ;Nnfx klg lbg'eof] . of] 36gfkl5 uf}/Lsf] 3/df rkL{ aGof] .
36gf #
rf8kj{sf] ;do lyof] . xs{sf 3/df kfx'gf cfP . rf8kj{df ;a} hgf
ldn] / ld7f] kl/sf/ agfP/ vfP . s] x L ;dokl5 kfx' g fnfO{ ;Grf]
ePg . tL kfx'gfnfO{ rkL{ hfg'kg]{ eof] . t/ 3/df rkL{ gePsfn] kfx'gfnfO{
lgs} ;s; eof] . tL kfx'gf af/Lsf kf6flt/ hfg afWo eP . of] 36gfn] xs{sf
3/sf ;a}nfO{ nfh eof] . To;kl5 pgsf 3/df rkL{ aGof] . clxn] pgsf
3/sf ;a} dflg;x¿ rkL{df dfq lb;f lk;fa u5{g\ .

-s_ lkknaf]6] uf“pdf emf8fkvfnfsf] dxfdf/L lsg rNof] <

-v_ uf}/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ :jod\;]jsn] s] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] <
-u_ xs{sf] 3/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ lsg nfh nfUof] <
-3_ rkL{ lsg cfjZos /x]5 <
14 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
@=$ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt lj;h{g gx'“bf b]vf kg]{ ;d:ofx¿ (Problems
caused due to lack of proper waste disposal)

3/, k;n, ljBfno, xf6ahf/ cflb :yfgaf6 w]/} k|sf/sf kmf]xf]/d}nfx¿

lg:sG5g\ . tL kmf]xf]/d}nfx¿ s'g} s'lxg] / s'g} gs'lxg] vfnsf x'G5g\ . o:tf
kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt lj;h{g ug{k' 5{= . c:ktfn pBf]u tyf snsf/vfgfaf6
lg:sg] kmf]xf]/d}nfx¿ cGo :yfgaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/eGbf a9L xflgsf/s
x'G5g\ . xfd|f] 3/ tyf ljBfnoaf6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ xfdLn] plrt
tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ug'{k5{ . kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt lj;{hg gx'Fbf b]vf kg]{
;d:ofx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
-s_ kmf]xf]/d}nfn] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f b'u{lGwt agfpF5 .
-v_ lemFuf, nfdv'66\ ] / e';g' f h:tf ls/fx¿n] /f]usf sL6f0f'x¿ ;f5{g\ .
-u_ kmf]xf]/d}nf kfgLsf] d'xfgdf ldl;P/ kfgL b"lift eO{ dxfdf/L;d]t
km}ng ;S5 .
-3_ kmf]xf]/d}nf hyfefjL ˆofFSbf b'3{6gf klg x'g ;S5 . h:t}M af]tn,
l;;f, kmnfdsf 6'j|mf, cflbn] v'6\6f sf6\g], s]/fsf] af]j|mfdf lrlKnP/
n8\g]
-ª_ Knfl:6s, l;;f, wft'sf 6'j|mf / /f;folgs kbfy{x¿n] df6f] k|b"if0f
u/fpF5g\\ .
-r_ o;n] df6fsf] pj{/f Ifdtfdf ;d]t x|f; NofpF5= .
lj|mofsnfk @=#
tkfO{“sf] 3/df / ;fyLx¿sf] 3/df s'lxg] / gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/sf] lj;{hg s;/L
ug'{x'G5 . ;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ / a'“bfut¿kdf l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 15

 kmf]xf]/af6 df]xf]/ agfpg] tl/sf
s'lxg] / gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ 5'6\ofP/
/fVg ;lsG5 .
s'lxg] kmf]xf]/d}nfaf6 dn agfpg ;lsG5 .
dnnfO{ s/];faf/Ldf k|of]u u/L cuf{lgs
v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . o;f] ubf{ t/sf/L lsGg]
k};f arfpg ;lsG5 .
dnnfO{ a]r/] cfocfh{g klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/d}nf h:t} sfuh, af]tn, kmnfdsf 6'j|mf, Knfl:6ssf
;/;dfgnfO{ a]r]/ k};f sdfpg ;lsG5 .
lj|mofsnfk @=$
tkfO{s
“ f 3/ / ljBfnoaf6 s] s:tf kmf]xf]/x¿ lg:sG5g\ < tL kmf]xf]/x¿nfO{ s;/L
Joj:yfkg ug'{ePsf] 5 <cleefjssf] dbt lnO{ tnsf lj|mofsnfk k"/f ug{'xf];\ M
ljBfno / 3/af6 lgl:sg] kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf tl/sf
!============================= !=============================
@================================ @================================
#================================= #=================================
$================================== $===================================

@=% jftfj/0f k|b"if0f / o;sf sf/0fx? (Environment pollution

and its causes)
jftfj/0f ljleGg sf/0fn] b"lift x'g' jf kmf]xf]/ x'g'nfO{ jftfj/0f k|b"if0f
elgG5 . jftfj/0fdf ePsf xfjf,kfgL,df6f] b"lift eP eg] o;n] xfd|f]
:jf:YonfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kf5{ . xfd|f] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ljleGg
sf/0fn] k|b"if0f x'G5 . tL sf/0fx¿ o;k|sf/sf 5g .
-s_ ;jf/L ;fwgx¿af6 lg:sg] w'nf] / w'jfF
16 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
-v_ hª\undf cfunfuL jf 89]nf] nfu]df
-u_ pBf]uaf6 lg:sg] w'jfF / kmf]xf]/
-3_ hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ ˆofFSgfn]
-ª_ 9nsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gubf{
-r_ Knfl:6s / Knfl:6s af6 ag]sf ;fdfgx¿ hnfpFbf

cEof;
!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf s'g} b'O{ dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .
-u_ tkfO{Fsf] 3/ / ljBfno j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg s] s]
ug{'x'G5 <
-3_ lb;flk;fa rkL{df ug'{k5{ < lsg <
-ª_ kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt lj;{hg gubf{ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf] ;"rL
agfpg'xf];\ .
-r_ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgaf6 s;/L k};f cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= l7s jfSox¿df l7s -√_ lrx\g nufpg'xf];\ M
-s_ lemFuf, nfdv'6\6] / e';'gfsf] 6f]sfOaf6 aRg j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
;kmf /fVg'k5{ .
-v_ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg] sfd j8f sfof{nosf] xf] .
-u_ xfdLn] rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug{'k5{ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 17
 -3_ rkL{nfO{ kmf]xf]/ /fVg'k5{ .
-ª_ s'lxg] kmf]xf]/af6 dn agfpg ;lsG5 .
#= kl/of]hgf sfo{
-s_ cleefjssf] ;xof]udf 3/glhs} Pp6f dn agfpg] ;fgf] vfN8f
vGg'xf];\ . s'lxg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ To; vfN8fdf hDdf ub}{ hfg'xf];\ . lemFuf,
e';'gf, d';f h:tf ls/f / hgfj/af6 aRg vf8nnfO{ emf/,
afF; jf sf7n] 5f]Kg'xf];\ . vfN8f] gel/P;Dd kmf]xf]/ hDdf ub}{
hfg'xf];\ . vfN8f] el/Pkl5 df6fn] k'g{'xf];\ . slt ;dokl5 dn
aGg] /x]5 < cjnf]sg ub}{ hfg'xf];\ / ;f] s/f sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
-v_ tkfOF{sf] 3/ / ljBfnodf s'g s'g j:t'x¿nfO{ k'gM k|of]u
ul/Psf] 5 < tL j:t'x¿ clxn] s'g sfdsf nflu k|of]udf
NofOPsf 5g\, pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
k'gM k|of]u ul/Psf j:t'x¿ s'g k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] <
!= klqsf != sfkL lstfadf uftf xfNg k|of]u ePsf]
@= =========================================== @= ===========================================
#= ============================================= #= =============================================
$= =========================================== $= ===========================================
%= =========================================== %= =========================================

18 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 #
PsfO
vfgf / kf]if0f
(Food and Nutrition)

xfdLn] vfg] ljleGg k|sf/sf vfg]s'/fn] xfd|f] z/L/df km/s km/s sfd
u5{ . eft, /f]6L, l9F8f] / cfn'n] zlSt lbG5 . b'w, bxL, l3p, df5f, df;', cG8f,
u]8fu'8Ln] x'sg{ ;xof]u u5{ . df};dcg';f/sf kmnk"mn / t/sf/Ln] ;'/IffTds
zlSt j[l4 u/L /f]u nfUgaf6 arfpF5g\ . af;L ;8]un]sf, ksfP/ g5f]kL /fv]sf
vfg]s'/f / hª\s km'8 -junk foods_ vfg' x'Fb}g . z/L/nfO{ :j:y, tGb'?:t /
lg/f]uL /fVgsf nflu b}lgs ¿kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ lng'k5{ .
tnsf k|Zgsf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/f“} M
-s_ cfh tkfO{Fn] s] s] vfg]s'/f vfg'eof] < tL vfgfx¿ sxfFaf6 k|fKt
ePsf xf]nfg\ <
-v_ tkfO{FnfO{ s'g s'g vfg]s'/f vfg dg k5{ <
-u_ tkfOF{;Fu} a:g] ;fyLnfO{ s'g s'g vfg]s'/f vfg dg k5{ < s] b'j}
hgfnfO{ p:t} vfgf dg kbf]{ /x]5, lsg xf]nf <
#=! vfgfsf] kl/ro / o;sf sfo{ (Introduction to food and its
function)

;Ltf cfh ;fu / l9F8f] vfP/ ljBfno cfOg\ . xl/n] bfn, eft /
t/sf/L vfP . nvgn] df5f / eft vfP . s[kfn] /f]6L, t/sf/L / b'w
vfOg . tkfO{Fn] cfh s] s] vfP/ cfpg'eof] < tkfO{Fn] klg ;fyLx¿n] h:t}
vfg]s'/f vfP/ ljBfno cfpg'ePsf] xf]nf . o;/L xfdLn] lbgx'Fh;f] vfg]
kl/sf/nfO{ vfgf elgG5 . eft, /f]6L, l9F8f], bfn, u]8fu'8L, b'w, bxL, l3p,
df5f, df;', t/sf/L, kmnkm"n / ;nfb vfg]s'/f x'g\ . xfdL oL ;a} vfg]s'/f
ldnfP/ vfG5f}F . :j:y / alnof] x'g xfdLn] w]/} k|sf/sf vfg]s'/f ldnfP/
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 19
vfg'k5{ . vfg]s'/fsf] 5gf]6 ubf{ cfˆgf] v]taf/L tyf ufpF3/df pTkfbg
ePsf vfg]s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . vfg]s'/f :jfb / k]6 eg{sf nflu dfq geO{
:j:y / alnof] x'gsf nflu klg vfg'k5{ . x/]s lbg jo:s dflg;n] rf/
k6s / afnaflnsfn] 5 k6s vfg]s'/f vfg'k5{ .
vfgfsf sfo{
!= z/L/sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tfk / zlSt k|bfg u5{ .
@= z/L/sf] j[l4 Pjd\ ljsf;sf nflu gofF sf]if / tGt'x¿sf] lgdf{0f
u5{ .
@= dfgl;s ljsf; -;f]Rg], ljrf/ ug{], ts{ ug{]_ df dbt u5{ .
#= rf]6k6s nfu]sf sf]if / tGt'x¿sf] dd{t ;Def/ u5{ .
$= z/L/nfO{ ljleGg /f]uaf6 arfpgsf nflu ;'/IffTds zlStsf] ljsf;
u5{ .
%= s'kf]if0f x'gaf6 arfpF5 .
^= z/L/sf ljleGg cª\ux¿sf] sfdnfO{ ;'rf? /fV5 .

lj|mofsnfk #=!
kf]if0f v]n v]nf}“ M
;a} hgfn] tLg tLgcf]6f vfnL zAbkQLx¿ lng'xf];\ . cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ s'g} tLgcf]6f
vfg]s'/fsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . ;a} hgfn] n]lv;s]kl5 pSt zAbkQLx¿nfO{ hDdf
ug{'xf];\ . tkfO{“sf] sIffdf k9\g] ;fyLx¿nfO{ dg kg]{ k|d'v tLg vfg]s'/f s] s]
/x]5g\, klxrfg ug{'xf];\ .

#=@ vfgfsf cfwf/e"t k|sf/x¿ (Basic types of foods)

xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ kf]ifs tŒjx¿ k|fKt ug{sf nflu lbgxF' ljleGg
k|sf/sf vfg]s'/f vfg'k5{ . xfdLn] vfg] w]/} h;f] kl/sf/x¿ jg:klt
20 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'G5g\ . vfg]s'/f hgfjf/ ;|f]taf6 klg k|fKt x'G5 . ;|f]tsf
cfwf/df vfgfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
-s_ jg:kltaf6 k|fKt x'g] vfgf (Foods from plants )
xfdLn] lbgx'F vfg] cGg, sGbd"n, bfn, u]8fu'8L, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n jg:klt
;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'G5g\ .
-c_ cGg (Cereals)

cGg vfgfsf] d'Vo ;|f]t xf] .

o;cGtu{ t rfdn, ds} , ux' F ,
sf]bf], kmfk/, pjf, h'g]nf] cflb
k5{g\ . o:tf vfg]s/' fn] xfd|f] z/L/
nfO{ zlSt / tfk lbG5g\ . o; ;d"xaf6 x/]s 5fsdf s'g} Pp6f jf PseGbf
a9L vfg]s'/f 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
-cf_ sGbd"n (Roots and tubers)

cfn' , t?n, lkF8fn', ;v/v08,

ufh/, d'nf cflb sGbd"n x'g\ . o:tf
vfg]s'/fn] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ tfut
lbG5 . o; ;d"xsf vfg]s/' fx¿ klg
;Dej eP;Dd lbgxF' vfg'k5{ .
-O_ bfn tyf u]8fu'8L (Pulses and legumes)

d;'/f], df;, d'u, /x/, rgf, af]8L, /fhdf,

l;dL, e6df;, s]/fp cflb bfn tyf u]8fu'8L
x'g\ . oL vfg]s'/fn] z/L/sf] j[l4 ljsf;df
dbt u5{g\ . o; ;d"xsf vfg]s'/f klg x/]s
lbg vfg'k5{ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 21
-O{_ t/sf/L (Vegetables)

l;dL, aGbf, km;L{ , cfn' cflb t/sf/L

x'g\ . df};dcg';f/ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g]
xl/of] ;fu tyf t/sf/L lbgxF' vfg'k5{ .
xl/of] ;fu tyf t/sf/Ln] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{
/f]u nfUgaf6 arfpF5 .
-p_ kmnkm"n (Fruits)

cfFk, s]/f, ;'Gtnf, cDaf, :ofp cflb

kmnkm"n x'g\ . df};dcg';f/sf kmnkm"n
vfgfn] /f] u ;F u n8\ g ] Ifdtf j[ l 4
x'G5 . :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g]
kmnkm"n ;s];Dd lbgx'F vfg'k5{ .
-v_ hgfj/af6 k|fKt x'g] vfgf (Foods from animal)
xfdLn] vfg] u/]sf s]xL vfg]s'/f hgfj/af6 k|fKt x'G5g\ . hgfj/af6 k|fKt
x'g] vfg]s'/fx¿ b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ M
-c_ df5f, df;' / cG8f (Fish, meat and egg)

df5f, df;' / cG8f hgfj/af6

k|fKt x'G5g\ . /fFuf, v;L, e]8f,
Rofª\u|f, ;'Fu'/ cflbaf6 df;' k|fKt
ug{ ;lsG5=. xfF; s'v'/f cflbaf6
cG8f / df;' k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5=.
o:tf vfg]s'/fn] xfd|f] z/L/sf] j[l4
/ ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{g\ . o:tf vfg]s'/fx¿ cfjZostfcg';f/ vfg'k5{ .

22 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

-cf_ b'w / o;sf kl/sf/x¿ (Milk and products):

oL vfg]s'/fn] klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] j[l4 /

ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{g\ . b'w, bxL, l3p, klg/
h:tf vfg]s'/fx¿ rf}kfoaf6 k|fKt x'G5g\ .
o:tf vfg]s'/fx¿ klg lgoldt vfg'k5{ .
lj|mofsnfk #=@
tkfO{n“ ] cfh vfPsf vfgfx¿nfO{ ;|ft] sf cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L ;fyL;“u 5nkmn
ug'{xf];\ / lgrf]8 sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

#=# ;Gt'lnt cfxf/sf] kl/ro / k|of]u (Introduction and use of the

balanced diet)

xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ :j:y, tGb'?:t / lg/f]uL /fVgsf nflu b}lgs ¿kdf ;Gt'lnt
cfxf/ vfg'k5{ . xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbg], j[l4, ljsf; ug{] / /f]uaf6 arfpg]
;d"xsf vfg]s'/fx¿ 5gf]6 u/L tof/ kfl/Psf vfgfnfO{ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/
elgG5 . xfdL :j:y / tGb'?:t x'gsf nflu b}lgs ¿kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/
vfg'k5{ . ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ tof/ ubf{ tn lbPh:t} vfB ;d"xaf6 sDtLdf
s'g} Pp6f kg]{ u/L 5gf]6 ug'{k5{ M

zlSt lbg] vfgfdf rfdn, ux'F, ds}, sf]bf], kmfk/, cfn' cflb k5{g\ .
logLx¿n] z/L/nfO{ zlSt / tfk lbG5g\ .

df5f, df;', cG8f, bfn, u]8fu'8L,Rofp, b'w, bxL, klg/ cflb z/L/ agfpg]
vfgfsf] ;d"xdf k5{g\ . logn] z/L/nfO{ j[l4 / ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{g\ .

z/L/ /Iff ug]{ vfgfsf] ;d"xdf xl/of] ;fu, t/sf/L / df};dcg';f/sf

kmnk"mnx¿ k5{g\ . logLx¿n] ljleGg k|sf/sf /f]ux¿af6 arfpg dbt
u5{g\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 23
 lj|mofsnfk #=#
sIffdf clego ug{'xf];\ M
sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿ s|dzM zlSt lbg], z/L/ j[l4 ug{] / z/L/ /Iff ug]{ ;d"xdf
ljefhg x'gx' f];\ . x/]s ;d"xsf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfcfÇgf] ;d"xdf kg]{ Ps Pscf]6f
vfBj:t'sf] kl/ro, ;|ft] / sfo{ n]vL rf6{ agfP/ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
cfÇgf] Jojxf/ ldNbf] sf]7fdf l7s lrx\g -√_ nufpg'xf];\ M
d]/f] kf]if0f Jojxf/ l7s a]l7s
!= d 3/df agfPsf] vfhf ljBfnodf Nofp5 .
@= dnfO{ hfpnf] / lv/ vfg dg kb}{g .
#= d df5f, df;' / cG8f vfg dg k/fpF5'=.
$= d b'w / o;af6 ag]sf kl/sf/ lgoldt vfG5'= .
%= d]/f] ljBfnodf lbjf vfhfsf] Joj:yf 5 .
^= d t/sf/L / kmnkm"n lgoldt vfG5' .
&= d ;s];Dd hª\s k'm8\; vfFlbg .

#=$ :j:ys/ vfgf (Healthier foods)

uLt ufcf}“ M
3/df tof/ ul/Psf vfg]s'/f vfcf}F
;Gt'ng ef]hg u/L xfdL :jf:Yo /xf}F
eft, /f]6L, l98f], cfn', ds} xfd|f vfgf
vfPkl5 z/L/nfO{ zlSt lbG5 hfg
b'w, bxL, df5f, df;', cG8f vfg'k5{
oL vfgfn] z/L/df j[l4 ljsf; u5{ .
kmnk"mn / t/sf/L tfhf vfg'k5{
o;f] ubf{ /f]u;Fu n8\g] zlSt a9\5 .
24 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
#=% hªs km'8\; / o;sf] c;/ ( Junk food and its Effect)
hªs km'8; \ tof/L jf Kofs]h ul/Psf vfgf x'g\ . oL vfg]s/' fx¿ c:jf:ys/
/ xflgsf/s x'G5g . logdf ljleGg xflgsf/s /;fog ld;fOPsf]
x'G5 . o:tf] vfg]s'/f w]/} k|zf]wg u/]/ agfOg] x'bfF vfg]s'/fdf ePsf] kf}li6s
tŒj x/fP/ hfG5 . o:tf] vfg]s'/fn] :jf:Yodf c;/ u5{ . hªs km'8\;sf
c;/x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
-s_ ef]s / kfrg Ifdtfdf sdL x'g'
-v_ df]6f]kgf x'g'
-u_ l;Sg] / ;Demg] Ifdtfdf sdL x'g'
-3_ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s j[l4 / ljsf;df cj/f]w x'g'
-ª_ z/L/df kf]ifs tŒjsf] sdL eP/ cGo /f]un] cfj|md0f ug{'
lj|mofsnfk @=$
:jf:ys/ vfg]s'/f / hª\s k'm8\;sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ M
:jf:ys/ vfg]s'/f hª\s k'm8\;
!= ==================================== != =======================================
@===================================== @ =======================================
#====================================== # =======================================
$===================================== $ =======================================
%====================================== % =======================================

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 25

cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf pŒf/af6 ;xL pŒf/ 5fGg'xf];\ M
-s_ tn lbOPsf dWo] s'g ;Gt'lnt vfgfsf] sfd xf]Og <
-c_ tfk / zlSt lbg] -cf_ /f]uaf6 arfpg]
-O_ z/L/ j[lå ug]
{ -O{_ df]6f] / e2f agfpg]
-v_ zlSt lbg] d'Vo vfgf s'g xf] <
-c_ t/sf/L -cf_ u]8fu'8L
-O_ kmnkm"n -O{_ eft / /f]6L
-u_ kmnkm"n / t/sf/Lsf] sfd s'g xf] <
-c_ z/L/ x's{g dbt ug]{ -cf_ z/L/ a9\g dbt ug]{
-O_ z/L/nfO{ /f]uaf6 arfpg] -O{_ zlSt lbg]
-3_ s'g vfgfn] z/L/sf] j[l4 / ljsf; u5{ <
-c_ eft / /f]6L -cf_ kmnkm"n / t/sf/L
-O_ u]8fu'8L / b'w -O{_ cfn'
-ª_ s'g vfg]s'/f hª\s k'm8\; x'g\ <
-c_ lvr8L / ;nfb -cf_ /f]6L / t/sf/L
-O_ hfpnf] / b'w -O{_ la:s'6 / rfprfp

26 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

@= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
cGg eft, /f]6L, cfn'

u]8fu'8L la:s'6 / rfprfp

zlSt lbg] vfgf ds}, sf]bf], pjf

z/L/ lgdf{0f ug]{ vfgf gf}gL, l3p, t]n

z/L/ /Iff ug]{ vfgf df;', b'w, u]8fu'8L

hª\s k'm8\; kmnkm"n / xl/of] t/sf/L

rgf, af]8L, /fhdf

#= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ zlSt lbg] vfg]s'/fx¿sf] pbfx/0f;lxt kl/ro n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ vfgfsf s'g} rf/ sfo{ pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-u_ xfdL s'g s'g ;|f]taf6 vfgf k|fKt u5fF}{ < pbfx/0f;lxt
n]Vg'xf];\ .
-3_ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ eg]sf] s] xf] < of] lsg cfjZos x'G5 <
-ª_ :jf:Yfs/ vfgfsf s'g} b'O{ dxŒj pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-r_ hª\s k'm8\;sf s'g} rf/ c;/x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 27

$= kl/of]hgf sfo{ M
-s_ tkfOF{n] kl5Nnf] Ps xKtfdf ljBfnodf vfPsf] lbjf vfhfsf] ljj/0f
pNn]v u/L Ps xKt] kf]if0f 8fo/L tof/ kfg{'xf];\ / leQ]kf6Ldf k|b{zg
ug{'xf];\ .
lbg vfhfsf] laa/0f
cfOtaf/
;f]daf/
dª\unaf/
a'waf/
laxLaf/
z'j|maf/

-v_ tkfO{FnfO{ dg kg]{ Ps Pscf]6f kmnkm"n / t/sf/Lsf lrq agfO{ ldNbf]

/ª eg{'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

28 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 $
PsfO
/f]u, w"dkfg / dBkfg
(Disease, Smoking and Drinking)

b"lift xfjf, kfgL, df6f] / /f]uL;Fusf] k|ToIf ;Dks{af6 /f]u ;g{

;S5g\ . ljleGg dfWodaf6 Ps JolStaf6 csf]{ JolStdf ;g]{ /f]unfO{ ;?jf
/f]u elgG5 . ;?jf /f]un] dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yf klg lng] ePsfn] ;ts{
/xg'k5{ . :jf:ys/ afgL Jojxf/ ckgfpFbf o:tf /f]u nfUgaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
laF8L, r'/f]6, x'Ssf, lrlnd cflbsf] w'jfF ;]jg ug{'nfO{ w"dkfg elgG5 .
hfF8, /S;L h:tf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ dBkfg elgG5 . w"dkfg
/ dBkfg b'j} :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5g\ . o:tf kbfy{sf] lg/Gt/
;]jg ug]{ nt b'Jo{;g xf] . xfdL ;a} b'Jo{;gaf6 6f9f /xg'k5{ .
$=! ;?jf /f]usf] kl/ro / ;g]{ dfWoodx¿ (Introduction to
communicable diseases and mode of transmission)

k9f}“ / a'emf}“ M
36gf !
sdnfnfO{ s]xL lbg cl3 dGb Hj/f] cfof] . 6fpsf] b'Vg] / gfsaf6 kftnf] l;Fufg
aUg] klg eof] . pgnfO{ ?ufvf]sL nfu]sf] /x]5=. pgn] cfkm" la/fdL x'Fbf efO;Fu}
k9\g] / v]Ng] ul/g\ . To;}n] pgsf] ?ufvf]sL efOnfO{ klg ;èof] .

36gf @
/3'jL/sf ufpFsf w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿ em'n gxfnL ;'Tg] uy]{ . jiff{ofdsf]
;do lyof] . j/k/ vfN8fv'N8Ldf kfgL hd]sf] lyof] . s]xL ;dokl5 e'mn gcf]8L
;'Tg]x¿nfO{ h/f] cfpg yfNof] . pgLx¿nfO{ nfdv'66\ s
] f] 6f]sfOn] cf}nf] h/f] ePsf] /x]5 .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 29

dflysf] 36gfdf ePh:t} Ps JolStnfO{ nfu]sf] /f]u s'g} dfWodåf/f
csf]{ JolStnfO{ ;5{ eg] o:tf] /f]unfO{ ;?jf /f]u elgG5 . ;?jf
/f]ux¿ sL6f0f'n] ubf{ nfU5g\ . sdnfnfO{ nfu]sf] ?ufvf]sL klg
;?jf /f]u xf] . o;afx]s sf]/f]gf, cfpF, h'sf, Ifo/f]u, bfb'/f,
kf]lnof], nx/]vf]sL, 6fOkmfO8, n'tf], dn]l/of cflb ;?jf /f]ux¿
x'g\ . ;?jf /f]u b"lift xfjf, kfgL, df6f] cflbaf6 ;5{g\ . To;} u/L /f]
uL JolSt;Fusf] ;Dks{, ls/f / hgfj/sf] 6f]sfOaf6 klg oL /f]u ;5{g\ .
lj|mofsnfk $=!

tnsf lrq x]g{'xf];\ . s'g s'g dfWoodaf6 /f]u ;g]{ /x]5g\, 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ M

30 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

$=@ b"lift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]u (Food and waterborne Diseases )
af;L, ;8]un]sf, lemFuf eGs]sf, v'nf u/L /fv]sf, kmf]xf]/ xftn]
ksfPsf / rnfPsf vfgf b"lift vfgf x'g\ . o:tf vfgfn] /f]u nfUg
;S5g\ . wldnf] lb;flk;fa -9n_ ldl;Psf], g5f]kL /fv]sf], kmf]xf]/ efF8fdf
/flvPsf] kfgL b"lift x'G5 . kfgL aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;kmf b]lvPtfklg sL6f0f'x¿
x'g ;S5g\ . kfgL ;kmf x'FbF}df lkpg of]Uo xF'b}g . b"lift kfgL lkpgfn]
/f]u nfU5 . h'sf, cfpF, emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, 6fOkmfO8, hlG8; ;a} b"lift
vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ x'g\ . a]n}df pkrf/ ePdf o:tf k|sf/sf /f]u
lgsf] x'G5g\ .
36gf k9f}“ / a'emf}“ M
ef]nf xh'/a'af;Fu} ahf/ uPsf lyP . xh'/a'afn] 3/df cfjZos ;/;dfg lsGg'eof] .
ef]nfnfO{ k'm6an lslglbg'eof] . 3/ cfpg] a]nf ef]nfn] ;8ssf] glhs} v'nf ¿kdf a]Rg /fv]sf
vfg]s/' f lsGg lh2L u/] . xh'/a'afn] gvfg ;Demfpg'eof] t/ pgn] dfg]gg\ . xh'/a'afn]
;df];f / ksf}8f lslglbg'eof] . ef]nf vfFb} 3/ kmls{P . a]n'sfkv ef]nfnfO{ tf/Gtf/
afGtf eof] . a'afn] pgnfO{ :jf:Yo rf}sL n}hfg'eof] . 8fS6/n] b"lift vfgfn]] o:tf]
ePsf] s'/f] eGg'eof] . pgn] xh'/a'afn] eg]sf] s'/f gdfGbf cfkm"nfO{ /f]u nfu]sf]
dx;'; u/] . To;kl5 pgn] v'nf ¿kdf a]Rg /fv]sf vfg]s/' f slxNo} gvfg] afrf u/] .

lj|mofsnfk $=@
-s_ ;8ssf] 5]p5fpdf v'nf ¿kdf a]Rg /flvPsf vfg]s'/f lsg vfg' x“'b}g <
-v_ b"lift vfgf vf“bf ef]nfnfO{ s] s:tf] ;d:of b]vf k¥of], lsg <
-u_ s] tkfO{“n] klg ef]nfn] h:t} v'nf ¿kdf a]Rg /fv]sf] vfg]s'/f vfg] ug'{ePsf]
5, lsg < o:tf] afgL s;/L ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 <

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 31

ef]nf / pgsf kl/jf/n] b"lift vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 aRg o:tf]
pkfox¿ cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ M
b'lift vfgf / kfgLaf6 nfUg] /f]uaf6 aRg] pkfox¿

!= ksfPsf vfgfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu 5f]k]/ /fVg]

@= af;L, ;8]un]sf, g5f]k]sf, lemFuf eGs]sf] vfg]s'/f gvfg]
#= vfgf vfg'cl3 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu ldrLldrL xft w'g]
$= kfgLsf] efF8fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu 5f]k]/ /fVg]
%= kfgLnfO{ pdfn]/, Snf]l/g jf cfof]l8gsf] emf]n jf lkmN6/ k|of]u u/]/ dfq lkpg]
^= kfgLsf] d'xfg j/k/ ;kmf /fVg]
&= 3/ j/k/sf] jftfjf/0f ;kmf /fVg]
*= rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug]{

;'zLnf rf/ sIffdf k9\l5g . pgsf] 3/ aGbLk'/df 5 . ;'zLnf k9fO{df lgs}

h]xG] bf/ / ldlxg]tL l5g\ . ;'zLnf Psk6s nuftf/ kfFr lbg;Dd ljBfno cg'kl:yt
eOg\ . o;/L h]xg] bf/ / ;w}F ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g] ljwfyL{ olt nfdf] ;do;Dd
cg'kl:yt x'Fbf lzIfsnfO{ lrGtf kof]{ . pxfFx¿n] ;'zLnfsf]af/]df ;f]wvf]h
ug{'eof] . pgL emf8fkvfnf eP/ ljBfno gcfPsL /lx5g\ . ufpFdf w]/}hgfnfO{
emf8fkvfnf ePsf] /x]5 . ufpFdf ;a} dflg;x¿n] Pp6} d'xfgsf] kfgL z'åLs/0f
gu/L lkpFbf /x]5g . kfgL z'åLs/0f gu/L vfFbf kfgLaf6 ;g]{ ljleGg ;?jf /f]u
nfU5g\ . kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿af6 aRg kfgL z'åLs/0f u/]/ lkpg'k5{ . kfgL pdfn]/,
Snf]l/g emf]n k|of]u u/]/ / lkmN6/ u/]/ kfgL z'åLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

$=# xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ (Airborn Diseases)

/f]uL JolStn] vf]Sbf, xflR5pF ubf{, ;f; km]bf{ / y's l;Fufgsf] l56faf6
/f]usf sL6f0f'x¿ xfjfdf ldl;g k'U5g\ . o:tf] b"lift xfjfaf6 ljleGg

32 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

k|sf/sf /f]u ;5{g\ . o;nfO{ b"lift xfjfaf6 nfUg] /f]u elgG5 . ?ufvf]sL,
sf]/f]gf, Ifo/f]u, bfb'/f, nx/]vf]sL, lgdf]lgof, Eofu't] /f]u cflb b"lift xfjfaf6
;g]{ /f]u x'g\ . o:tf /f]un] xfd|f] Zjf;k|Zjf; gnLdf k|efj kf5{g\ .
xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿af6 aRg lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{'k5{ M
!= vf]Sbf jf xflR5pF ubf{ ?dfnn] gfsd'v 5f]Kg]
@= ?dfn gePdf xftsf] s'Ogfn] 5f]k]/ dfq vf]Sg] jf xflR5pF ug]{
#= 3/ / j/k/ hyfefjL gy'Sg]
$= 3/ aflx/ lgl:sFbf, le8ef8df a:bf df:s nufpg]
%= a]nf a]nfdf ;fa'g kfgLn] ldrLldrL xft w'g] jf :oflg6fOh/sf]
k|of]u ug]{
^= Hj/f] cfPsf, vf]sL nfu]sf dflg;sf] ;Dks{df ghfg], olb hfg} k/]
;fjwfgL ckgfpg]
&= cfˆgf] j/k/sf] jftfjf/0f ;kmf /fVg] cflb
lj|mofsnfk $=#
xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ -h:t} M sf]/f]gf, Ifo/f]u h:tf_ af6 aRg cfÇgf 3/kl/jf/
sf] e"ldsf s] x'g ;S5, cleefjs;“u 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

$=$ w"dkfgsf] kl/ro, sf/0f / c;/ (Introduction to smoking,

casues and effects)

r'/f]6, laF8L, sSs8, x'Ssf, tdfv' cflbsf] w'jfF ;]jg ug{'nfO{ w"dkfg
elgG5 . dflg;x¿ w"dkfgsf] ntdf w]/} sf/0fn] km:g] u5{g\ . w"dkfgsf] ;'?cft
3/ / kl/jf/af6 klg x'g ;S5 . 3/kl/jf/sf sf]xL ;b:on] w"dkfg u5{ eg]
csf]{ ;b:on] klg w"dkfg ug{ l;Sg ;S5g\ . w"dkfg ug{] ;fyL;FuLsf] nx}
nx}df nfUbf klg w]/} hgf w"dkfgdf km;]sf 5g\ . lj1fkgsf sf/0fn] klg
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 33
dflg;x¿ w"dkfgsf] ;]jg ug{ k'U5g\ . sltkon] w"dkfgn] ug{] c;/ yfxf
gkfP/ klg ;]jg ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
w"dkfgn] xfd|f] :jf:YonfO{ xflg u5{ . w"dkfgsf] ;]jgn] d'v uGxfpg],
bfFt sfnf] x'g], vf]sL nfUg], 5ftL b'Vg], cfFvf /ftf] x'g] x'G5 . nfdf]
;dob]lv w"dkfg ug{]x¿df Zjf;k|Zjf; / /Strfk a9\g], nuftf/ vf]sL
nflu/xg] h:tf c;/x¿ b]vf k5{g\ . w"dkfg ug]{ w]/} h;f]nfO{ Ifo/f]u,
lgdf]lgof, kmf]S;f] / d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . w"dkfg ubf{ lg:sg] w'jfFn]
glhs} /xg] JolStnfO{ ;d]t c;/ u5{ .

36gf syf k9f}“ M

lrgf/fd w"dkfgsf cDdnL lyP . pgL lgoldt w"dkfg

uy{] . pgL w]/} h;f] r'/f]6 lkpFy] eg] slxn]sfxLF laF8L /
sSs8sf] klg ;]jg uy{] . s]xL ;docl3 pgL la/fdL
k/] . pgnfO{ c:ktfn nluof] . 8fS6/n] pgsf] :jf:Yo
k/LIf0f u/] . pgsf] kmf]S;fdf SofG;/ ePsf] /x]5 .
clxn] c:ktfndf pgsf] pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

lj|mofsnfk $=$
5nkmn u/f}“ M
-s_ lrgf/fd lsg la/fdL k/] xf]nfg\ <
-v_ lrgf/fdnfO{ s'g /f]u nfu]sf] /x]5 <
-u_ tkfO{“ w"dkfgsf] ;]jg ug]{ JolStnfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 <

$=% w"dkfgn] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf kfg]{ c;/ (Effects of smoking

to the family and community)

w"dkfgsf] ;]jgn] dfgj :jf:Yodf uDeL/ :jf:Yo c;/ u5{ . o;sf ;fy}
p;sf] j/k/ a:g] c¿nfO{ klg c;/ u5{ . olb kl/jf/df sf]xL Ps hgfn]
34 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
dfq w"dkfg u5{ eg] cGo JolStnfO{ klg plQs} g/fd|f] c;/ u5{ . o;sf
;fy} 3/kl/jf/df emu8f x'g] / w]/} k};f vr{ x'g klg ;S5 . kl/jf/sf
cGo ;b:o la/fdL kg{ uO{ yk ;d:of klg b]vf kg{ ;S5 . o;} u/L 3/
kl/jf/df af/Daf/ e}memu8f klg x'g ;S5 .
w"dkfgsf] c;/ ;d'bfodf klg k5{ . dflg;x¿n] rf]s, rf}tf/L, 3'DtLdf a;]/
w"dkfg ubf{ j/k/ a:g] / lxF8\g] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;d]t c;/ u5{ . ;d'bfodf
w"dkfg ug]{ dflg;x¿ a9\b} hfFbf /f]uL / czStx¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 x'g
hfG5 . o;n] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfonfO{ yk ;d:of / ef/ kf5{ . cDdnLsf] nfk/
afxLn] ubf{ slxn]sfxLF cfunfuL h:tf] csNkgLo 36gf klg x'g ;S5g\ .
lj|mofsnfk $=%
lrq x]/L 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ M

-s_ dflysf lrqdf ss;n] w"dkfg ul//x]sf 5g\ <

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 35
-v_ kl/jf/sf c¿ ;b:ox¿n] s] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <
-u_ 3/kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿ Ps} 7fp“df x'“bf sf]xL ;b:on] w"dkfg ubf{ c¿nfO{
c;/ u5{ ls ub}{g xf]nf < o;n] afnaflnsfnfO{ s:tf] c;/ kf5{ xf]nf <
$=^ w"dkfgaf6 aRg] pkfo (Preventative ways of smoking)
w"dkfg :jf:Yosf nflu cToGt} xflgsf/s 5 . b'Jo{;gdf km;]sf dflg;nfO{
klxn]sf] cj:yfdf Nofpg ufx|f] k5{ . To;}n] w"dkfgaf6 ;w}F 6f9f
/xg'k5{ . w"dkfgaf6 aRg / arfpg lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
!= w"dkfgsf] c;/k|lt ;r]t /xg'k5{ .
@= ;fyLx¿sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ w"dkfg ug'{x'Fb}g .
#= Psk6s t xf] lg eg]/ klg w"dkfg ug'{ x'bg} .
$= w"dkfgdf nfu]sf JolStnfO{ w"dkfgaf6 6f9f /xg ;'emfj lbg'k5{ .
%= kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ klg w"dkfgsf] c;/ k|lt ;r]t u/fpg'k5{ .
^= cfkm" a:g] 6f]n, 5/l5d]s / ;d'bfodf w"dkfg lj?4sf] hgr]tgfd"ns
sfo{j|md cfof]hgf ug'{'k5{ .
&= 3/ kl/jf/df w"dkfg / dBkfgsf c;/x¿sf af/]df 5nkmn ug'k{ 5{ .

lj|mofsnfk $=^
5nkmn u/f}“
w"dkfg lj?4sf] hgr]tgfdf ;xefuL x'g Kn]sf8{df n]lvg] :jf:Yo ;Gb]zx¿sf]
gd'gf tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
!= w"dkfg :jf:Yosf nflu xfgLsf/s 5 .
@= w"dkfg Tofuf}“, :j:y agf}“ .

36 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf dWo] s'g} Ps l7s ljsNk 5fGg'xf];\ M
-s_ tnsf dWo] s'g ;?jf /f]u xf]Og <
-c_ x}hf -cf_ sf]/f]gf
-O_ bd -O{_ Ifo/f]u
-v_ kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]u s'g xf] <
-c_ bfb'/f -cf_ sf]/f]gf
-O_ Ifo/f]u -O{_ x}hf
-u_ xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]u s'g xf] <
-c_ SofG;/ -cf_ cfpF
-O_ x}hf -O{_ lgdf]lgof
-3_ tnsf dWo] s'g w"dkfghGo j:t'cGtu{t kb}{g <
-c_ r'/f]6 -cf_ la8LF
-O_ sSs8 -O{_ Njfª
-ª_ tnsf dWo] s'g w"dkfgsf] uDeL/ c;/ xf] <
-c_ vf]sL nfUg] -cf_ 5ftL b'Vg]
-O_ h/f] cfpg] -O{_ kmf]S;fsf] SofG;/
@= pko'St zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg{'xf];\ M
-s++_ ============================== Ps JolStaf6 csf{df ;5{ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 37
 -v_ h'sf, cfpF, emf8fkvfnf / 6fOkmfO8 =====================af6 ;g]{
/f]u x'g\ .
-u_ xfdLn] ==========================df dfq lb;flk;fa ug{'k5{ .
-3_ 3/ aflx/ lgl:sFbf / le8ef8df hfFbf ;w}F =========================
nufpg'k5{ .
-ª_ w"dkfgsf] ;]jg :jf:Yosf nflu =============================5 .
#= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;?jf /f]u eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ /f]u ;g]{ dfWoodx¿ s] s] x'g\ < pbfx/0f;lxt pNn]v ug{x' f];\ .
-u_ xfdLn] b"lift vfgf / kfgL vfof}F eg] s'g s'g /f]u nfU5 <
-3_ b"lift xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ w"dkfgn] ug{] c;/x¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .
-r_ xfjfaf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 aRg tkfO{n
F ] s] s] pkfox¿ ckgfpg'ePsf]
5<
-5_ w"dkfgsf] ;]jgn] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf kfg]{ c;/x¿ pNn]v
ug{'xf];\ .
-h_ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ w"dkfgaf6 arfpg tkfO{F s] s] ug{
;Sg'x'G5 <
$= kl/of]hgf sfo{ ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ vfgf / kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 aRg tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/n] s] s:tf
pkfo cjnDag ul//x]sf] 5 < cleefjs;Fu 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ /
a'Fbf l6kf]6 u/]/ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
38 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 -v_ s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/, 5/l5d]s jf 6f]ndf a;f]af; ug]{ sf]xL w"dkfg
ug'{x'G5 < olb ug'{x'G5 eg] pxfFx¿af6 lgDglnlvt hfgsf/L
lnO{ tnsf] lj|mofsnfk ug{'xf];\ M
-c_ pxf“ s'g pd]/b]lv s] s] sf/0fn] w"dkfgdf nfUg'ePsf] /x]5 <
-cf_
pxf“nfO{ w"dkfgn] ug]{ c;/x¿ atfp“b} w"dkfgsf] nt TofUg eGg'xf];\ .
-O_ tL JolSt w"dkfgsf] ntdf s;/L km;]sf /x]5g\ < lzIfs / ;fyLx¿nfO{
36gf syf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
%= tnsf] sf]7] tflnsfaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿ klxrfg ug{'xf];\ M

h 5 If o /f] u C cf ?
x sf] /f] gf C S ;' df uf
n Sof Gf cF“ p“ k u\ c vf]
a\ Kff] C j a\ t / ;f sL
h' 5 ln z\ sf y bf b' /f
sf 9 h of] n /L u\ kf C
e / u P h d n] l/ of
P Sof G; / / O u\ 5 s]

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 39

 %
PsfO
;'/Iff / k|fylds pkrf/
(Safety and First Aid)
xfdL af6fdf lxF8\bf, a; r9\bf, eèofª r8\bf, v]Nbf, s'g} sfd ubf{
rf]6k6s nfUg ;S5 . s}FrL, rSs', r'n];L, xFl;of h:tf wfl/nf xltof/x¿
rnfpFbf klg b'3{6gf x'g ;S5 . tftf] kfgL, tftf] b'w, tftf] t]n,
d6Lt]n, k]6f« n
] , l8hn, l:kl/6 h:tf kbfy{x¿;Fu klg xf]l;of/ x'g'k5{ .
xfdLn] ;w}F bfofF / afofF x]/]/ dfq ;8s kf/ ug'{k5{ . k]6L gePsf] ;8ssf]
bfofF lsgf/faf6 lxF8g\ k' 5{ . ;8sdf h]af| j|ml;ª jf cfsfz] k'naf6 dfq af6f]
sf6\gk' 5{ . 3/, ljBfno / v]n d}bfgdf v]Nbf ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg'k5{ .
;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpFbf b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
tnsf lrq x]g'xf];\ / ;'/Iffsf nflu s] s:tf pkfox¿ ckgfOPsf] 5,
;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

-s_ df]6/;fOsn rnfpFbf x]Nd]6 lsg nufpg'k5{ <

-v_ a; r9\bf nfOgdf a;]/ r9\g'k5{, lsg<
-u_ af6f] sf6\bf h]a|fs|l;ªaf6 sf6\g'k5{, lsg <
-3_ ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ ckgfpFbf b'3{6gfaf6 aRg s;/L dbt u5{ <
40 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
%=! ;'/Iff / ;'/Iff lzIFfsf] kl/ro (Introduction to safety and
safety education)
;fOsn, :s'6/ jf df]6/;fOsn rnfpFbf x]Nd]6 nufpg'k5{ . o;n] b'3{6gf
eOxfNof] eg] 6fpsfdf uDeL/ rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 arfpF5 . To:t} u/L,
a; r9\bf cfÇgf] kfnf] kv]{/ dfq r9\g'k5{ . o;f] ubf{ rf]6k6saf6
aRg ;lsG5 . 3/aflx/ lg:sFbf ;wF} df:ssf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ . o;n] w'nf]
w'Fjf / /f]usf sL6f0f'af6 ;'/Iff lbG5 . sf]/f]gfnufotsf xfjfaf6 ;g{]
/f]uaf6 klg arfpF5 . Jo:t ;8sdf lxF8\g] dflg;x¿n] af6f] sf6\gsf
nflu h]af| j|ml;uª jf cfsfz] k'nsf] k|of]u ug'k{ 5{ . ;'/Iff Jojxf/ ckgfpFbf
b'3{6gf x'gaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
o;/L rf]6k6s jf b'3{6gfaf6 hf]lugsf nflu ckgfOg] ;Dk"0f{ ;fjwfgLsf
pkfox¿nfO{ ;'/Iff elgG5 . x]Nd]6 nufP/ :s'6/ rnfpg', nfOgdf a;]/
a; r9\g', ;]lˆ6d]6sf] k|of]u u/]/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd ug{', h]a|fj|ml;ª / cfsfz]
k'naf6 dfq} af6f] sf6\g' ;'/Iffsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . s] tkfO{Fn] klg ;'/Iffsf
o:tf pkfo kfngf ug{'ePsf] 5 < kSs} klg 5 xf]nf . olb 5}g eg] Vofn
ug{'xf];\ lsgeg] b'3{6gf hlt v]/ klg x'g ;S5 . x/]s sfd ubf{ ;fjwfgL
ckgfof}F eg] dfq b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .
%=@ ;'/Iff lzIffsf] dxTj (Importance of safety education)
;Defljt b'3{6gfx¿ /f]Sgsf nflu lbOg] r]tgfd"ns lzIffnfO{ ;'/Iff lzIff
elgG5 . ;'/Iff lzIffsf] d'Vo pb]Zo cfjZos ;fjwfgLsf pkfox? atfO{
;Defljt b'3{6gf /f]Sg' xf] . xfd|f] lhjgdf ljleGg k|sf/sf b'3{6gfx¿
s;/L x'G5g\ / To:tf b'3{6gf x'g glbg xfdLn] ;fjwfgLsf s]–s:tf pkfo
ckgfpg] eGg] r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf / 1fg ;'/Iff lzIffn] k|bfg u5{ .
;'/Iff lzIffsf] dxŒjx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\
-s_ o;n] ljleGg vt/f / hf]lvdaf6 ;'/lIft /xg dbt u5{ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 41
-v_ o;n] dflg;x¿nfO{ c;fdlos d[To'af6 arfpF5 .
-u_ o;n] cfkm'nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg / c?nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg dbt u5{ .
-3_ o;n] hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf ;Defljt vt/fx¿af/] ;r]t agfpF5 .
-ª_ ;'/Iff lzIffn] ;'/lIft hLjgz}nL ckgfpg dbt u5{ .
lj|mofsnfk %=!
tnsf] lrqdf s] eO/x]sf] 5, 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ M

b'3{6gf ePs} :yndf 3fOt]nfO{ ul/g] pkrf/nfO{ k|fylds pkrf/

elgG5 . of] 3fOt]nfO{ c:ktfn k'èofpg'cufl8 g} ul/g] ;fdfGo pkrf/
xf] . o;n] 3fOt]sf] cj:yf yk hl6n x'gaf6 arfpF5 ;fy} csfndf
d[To' x'gaf6 klg hf]ufpF5 . ;fdfGotof k|fylds pkrf/sf] tflnd
lnPsf] JolStn] k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ ;S5g\ . k|fylds pkrf/ ug{sf
nflu k|fylds pkrf/ afs;df ePsf ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ul/G5 . o;df

42 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

l86f]n, k6\6L, s}FrL, AofG8]h, kGhf, a]6fl8g,
ydf]{ld6/, skf;, P8]l;e 6]k, nf];g, dnd, ;dfGo
cf}ifwL cflb x'G5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk %=@
tkfO{“sf] ljBfnodf k|fylds pkrf/ afs;df s] s] ;fdu|L / cf}ifwLx¿ /flvPsf
5g\ < lzIfssf] ;xof]udf ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .

%=# 3/, ljBfno / v]n d}bfgdf x'g] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ckgfOg] ;'/Iffsf
pkfox¿ (Prevention of accidents in home, school and
playground)

syf k9f}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“ M

pld{nfn] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg w]/} ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] ul5{g\ . pgL rSs'
/ xFl;ofh:tf wfl/nf] xltof/ rnfpFbf ;wF} ;r]t x'lG5g\ . ;nfO{
nfO6/af6 cfuf] afNbf lgs} xf]l;of/ x'g] ul5{g\ . pgL eèofª / afb{nLdf
lxF8\bf klg xf]l;of/ x'lG5g\ . pgL cfFugdf v]Nbf klg a'afcfdfsf]
;xof]udf efO;Fu ldn]/ v]Ng] ul5{g\ . r'Nxfdf cfuf] afNbf kf]N5 eg]/ lrD6fsf]
k|of]u ul5{g\ . s/]G6 nfU5 eg]/ pgL lr;f] xftn] slxNo} l:jr af]8{
rnfpFlbgg\ . pgsf] oxL afgLn] ubf{ pgnfO{ rf]6 k6s nfu]sf] 5}g .
lj|mofsnfk %=#
pld{nfn] h:t} tkfO{“n] klg 3/df x'g ;Sg] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg s] s:tf ;'/Iffsf
pkfox¿ cjnDjg ug{'ePsf] 5, ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .

pld{nf / efO;Fu} ljBfno hfG5g\ . pgLx¿ ljBfno hfFbf ;8ssf] 5]p

nfu]/ lxF8\g] u5{g\ . pgsf] sIffsf ;fyLx¿ cg'zfl;t 5g\ . sIffsf]7fdf

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 43

s]xL ;d:of cfof] eg] lzIfsnfO{ va/ u5{g\ .
pgLx¿ sIffsf]7f aflx/ hfFbf / cfpFbf tfFtLdf
lxF8\g] u5{g\ . wf/f, rkL{ / v]nd}bfgdf xtf/
gul/sg kfnf] kv{g] u5{g\ . rkL{sf] k|of]u
ul/;s]kl5 ;kmf klg u5{g\ .
lj|mofsnfk %=$
tkfO{x“ ¿n] ljBfnodf b'36{ gfaf6 aRg ;'/Iffsf s:tf pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{e
' Psf]
5 < 5nkmn u/L a'“bf l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ .
pld{nf / pgsf ;fyLx¿ cg'zfl;t eP/
v]Ng] u5{g\ . pgLx¿ v]n d}bfgdf uP/
v]Ng] u5{g\ . pgLx¿ zf/Ll/s lzIffsf]
k|of]ufTds sfo{ ug]{ ;dodf lzIfssf] ;xof]udf
dfq v]Ng] u5{g\ . v]ndf ;xefuL x'gc
' l3 pgLx¿
v]n d}bfgnfO{ ;kmf ug{], vfN6fv'N6L k'g]{ u5{g\ . v]ndf kfnf] kv{g]
u5{g\ . pgLx¿ ;w}F ldn]/ v]Ng] u5{g\ . lzIfsn] v]n v]nfpg'cl3 z/L/
ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk u/fpg'xG' 5 . v]ln;s]kl5 klg lhp lr:ofpg] lj|mofsnfk
u/fpg'x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk %=%
tkfO{x“ ¿n] v]nd}bfgdf x'g ;Sg] b'36{ gfaf6 aRg ;'/Iffsf s:tf pkfox¿ cjnDag
ug{'ePsf] 5, 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .

rf/ sIffsf s]xL ljBfyL{x¿ b'3{6gfaf6 aRg] pkfox¿ ;fyLnfO{ ;'gfp“b} 5g\ M

;se/ wfl/nf] xltof/ grnfpg'xf];\ . olb rnfpg'kèof] eg]

xf]l;of/Lk"j{s rnfpg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu cfk"meGbf 7'nfsf]
;xof]u lng'xf];\ . s}FrL jf rSs'n] sfuh sf6\bf bfO, lbbL, a'af
44 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
jf cfdfsf] ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .

9f]sf jf ‰ofn vf]Nbf xf]l;of/Lk"js

{ x\ofG8n ;dft]/ vf]Ng'xf];\ . 9f]sf
jf ‰ofnsf] Rofkdf xft gn}hfg'xf];\ . eèofª r9\bf / cf]n{Fbf
xtf/ gug{'xf];\ . la:tf/} r9\g] / cf]n{g] ug{'xf];\ . olb eèofª
lrKnf] 5 eg] ;'Svf /fVg'xf];\ . afb{nLsf] j/k/ gv]Ng'xf];\ .

sIffsf] 7 fsf] 8] : s a] G rdfly gplk| m g' x f] ; \ . 8] : s a] G rdf

lsnf 5 eg] lzIfsnfO{ va/ ug{'xf];\ . v]n v]Nbf ;fjwfgL
ckgfP/ lzIfssf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ v]Ng'xf];\ . sIffdf hyfefjL
gbf}8g'xf];\ . leh]sf] xftn] lah'nLsf] l:jr af]8{ grnfpg'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk %=^
cfkm\gf] afgLdf l7s lrx\g nufpg'xf];\ M
d]/f] afgL Jojxf/ l7s a]l7s
!= d wfl/nf] xltof/ -h:t} M s}FrL, rSs' jf
xFl;ofnfO{_ xf]l;of/ eP/ rnfpF5' .
@= d 9f]sf jf ‰ofn xf]l;of/Lk"j{s vf]N5' .
#= d lr;f] xftn] lah'nLsf] tf/ rnfpFlbg .
$= d eèofª r9\bf / cf]n{Fbf xtf/ u5{' .
%= d sIffsf]7fsf] 8]:s a]Grdfly plk|mG5' .
^= d a:g] 8]:s a]Grdf lsnf 5 eg] lzIfsnfO{
va/ u5{' .
&= d lzIfssf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ v]N5' .

%=$ rf]6k6saf6 aRgsf nflu ;'/Iffsf pkfo -Preventive measures

from cuts_
xfdLnfO{ slxn] sfxLF cfsl:ds ?kdf / cfˆg} nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0fn]
klg rf]6k6s nfU5 . ;dod} ;'/Iffsf pkfo ckgfpg ;s]df xfdL
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 45
o:tf rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 aRg ;S5fF} . rf]6k6sn] xfd|f] z/L/df ;fdfGo
b]lv uDeL/ Iflt k'ofF{p5 . sltko cj:yfdf dflg;sf] d[To' ;d]t x'g ;S5.
rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 aRg] ;'/Iffsf pkfox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g M
-s_ wfl/nf] / ltvf j:t' ;fgf s]6fs]6Ln] e]6g] 7fpFdf g/fVg]
-v_ ljBfnosf] v]nd}bfgdf ltvf] jf sf6g] j:t' ePdf To;nfO{ x6fpg]
-u_ sIffsf]7fdf 8]:s a]Gr wfl/nf] x'g ;S5,v]Nbf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg]
-3_ e¥ofª r9bf cyjf s'g} lrKnf] 7fpFdf lxF8bf la:tf/} lxF8g]
-ª_ ljBfnodf jf 3/df v]Nbf jf cGo sfd ubf{ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg]
%=% kf]nfOaf6 aRg] ;'/Iffsf pkfo (Preventive measures from
burning)

>L /fli6«o cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿ cfuf], tftf] t/n kbfy{ /

/f;folgs kbfy{sf] kf]nfOaf6 aRgsf nflu ckgfpg'kg{] ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿
;DaGwdf s'/fsfgL ub{} 5g\ M
zfGtf M d ;nfO{, nfO6/ tyf cfufaf6 ;w}F xf]l;of/ x'g] u5{' . olb oL j:t'x¿sf]
k|of]u ug{k' èof] eg] 3/sf ;b:ox¿sf] ;xof]udf dfq u5{' .
nIdL M d kfgL / b'w h:tf t/n kbfy{ ;]nfP/ dgtftf] ePkl5 dfq
lkpg] u5{' .
;? M d]/L cfdfn] efG;fsf j:t' rnfpFbf / sfd ubf{ xf]l;of/ eP/
ug'{x'G5 . o;n] kf]Ng, 3fp x'g, sf6\gaf6 hf]ufpF5 .
;'dg M d d6Lt]n, k]6f« n] , l8hn, l:kl/6 h:tf HjngZfLn kbfy{x¿nfO{
rnfpFlbg . d]/f] 3/df o:tf kbfy{nfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf /flvPsf] 5 .
;'gLn M d Pl;8 h:tf] hng x'g] kbfy{nfO{ rnfpFlbg .

46 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

O;fg M d cfunfuL ePsf] / 89]nf] nfu]sf 7fpFdf hfGgF . o:tf 36gf
b]v]sf] a]nf c¿nfO{ eGg] u5'{ .
lj|mofsnfk %=&
tn pNn]v ul/Psf b'3{6gf tyf rf]6k6sx¿af6 aRg tkfO{“n] ;'/Iffsf s:tf
pkfox¿ ckgfpg'ePsf] 5 <
b'3{6gfsf k|sf/x¿ ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿
!= 3/df x'g] b'3{6gf
@= v]n d}bfgdf x'g] b'3{6gf
#= sIffsf]7fdf x'g] b'3{6gf
$= ;8sdf x'g] b'3{6gf

cEof;
!= pko'St zAbx¿sf] k|f]of]u u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg{'xf];\ M
-s_ b'3{6gfaf6 hf]lugsf nflu ckgfOg] ;fjwfgL g}============== xf] .
-v_ Jo:t ;8sdf ================jf ================== af6f] sf6\g'k5{ .
-u_ lr;f] xftn] lah'nLsf] l:jr af]8{ =====================x'Fb}g .
-3_ v]n v]Ng'cl3 z/L/ ttfpg] v]n v]Ngfn] ====================== af6
arfpF5 .
-ª_ d6Lt]n, k]6«f]n, l8hn, l:kl/6========================================
kbfy{x¿ x'g\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 47

@= wsf]{ tfg]/ hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
d6Lt]n, k]6«f]n / l8hn s/]G6 nfUg'
h]a|fj|ml;ª / cfsfz] k'n xft sf6\g'
s}FrL, rSs' / xFl;of v]nsf] tof/L
9f]sf jf ‰ofnsf] r]k HjngZfLn kbfy{
lr;f] xft xft RofKg'
z/L/ ttfpg] v]n ;8s ;'/Iff
#= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;'/Iff eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ ;'/Iffsf] s'g} tLg dxŒjx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-u_ 3/df b'36{ gfaf6 aRg tkfO{F ;'/Iffsf s:tf pkfo ckgfpg'xG' 5 <
-3_ ljBfnodf x'g] b'3{6gfaf6 s;/L aRg ;lsG5 <
-ª_ v]nd}bfgdf b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;'/Iffsf s:tf pkfo ckgfpg
;lsG5, n]Vg'xf];\ .
-r_ kf]nfOaf6 aRg tkfO{Fn] cjnDag u/]sf ;'/Iffsf pkfo pNn]v
ug{'xf];\ .
$= kl/of]hgf sfo{ ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ lzIfssf] ;xof]udf k|fylds pkrf/ afs; lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ / Tof]
afs;df rflxg] ;fdu|Lx¿ klg ;ª\sng u/L ldnfP/ /fVg'xf];\ .
-v_ lzIfssf] ;xof]udf PSn}, hf]8L jf ;d"xdf af6f] sf6\g] tl/sf
k|bz{g u/]/ b]vfpg'xf];\ .

48 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 ^
PsfO
sjfh / zf/Ll/s s;/t
(Drills and Physical Exercise)

lrq x]/f}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“ M

k|Zgx¿
-s_ dflysf] lrqdf ljBfyL{n] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <
-v_ zf/Ll/s s;/t / sjfh ubf{sf kmfObf s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <
^=! sjfh (Drills)
;ts{, uf]8fkmf6, bfofF kms{, afofF kms{/ uf]8f rfn cflb lj|mofsnfksf]
cEof;nfO{ sjfh elgG5 . lzIfs jf 6f]nLg]tfsf] cfb]zcg';f/ 8«dsf]
tfndf sjfh / zf/Ll/s s;/tsf cEof; ul/G5 . sjfhsf] cEof;
k|bz{gn] cf1fsfl/tf / cg'zf;gsf] ljsf; x'G5 . o;sf] lgoldt
cEof;n] zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tL, ;dGjo, ;fdflhs u'0f cflbsf] ljsf;df
;xof]u k'U5 . ;fdfGotof ljBfnosf] b}lgs k|fy{gf, cleefjs lbj; tyf
cGo sfo{j|mddf sjfhsf] k|bz{g ug]{ ul/G5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 49
lj|mofsnfk ^=!
lzIfsn] sjfhsf] k|bz{gsf nflu tof/L ug{ cfb]z
lbPkl5 ;ª\uLtsf] tfndf sjfh k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . ;a}
hgfn] bf]xf]¥ofObf]xf]¥ofO ;ts{, uf]8fkmf6, bfof“ kms{,
afof“ kms{, k"/f kms{, uf]8f rfn, c8 cflbsf] cEof;
ug'{xf];\ .
^=!=sjfhsf cfb]zx¿ / cEof;
^=!=! ;t{s / uf]8fkmf6 (Attention and stand as ease)
s= ;ts{ (Attention)
;ts{ sjfhsf] cfb]zx¿dWo] ;'?df lbOg] cfb]z xf] . ;ts{ ug{sf]
nflu l;wf pleg'xf];\ . b'j} uf]8fsf] s's'{Rrf hf]8]/ kGhf cª\u]|hL
le cfsf/df jf #) l8u|L sf]0fdf /fVg'xf];\ . uf]8f / 5ftL
tlGsPsf] / b'a} xft s'db]lv tn z/L/;Fu 6fFl;Psf] / v's'nf]
d'6\7L afFwL k'6\7fsf] aundf /fVg'xf]; . ;fy} o; cfb]zdf 5ftL
k'ms]sf], k]6 cln ba]sf] Pjd d'v aGb u/L z/L/sf] jhg b'j}
uf]8fdf a/fa/ kg]{ u/L /fVg'xf]; .
v= uf]8f kmf6 (Stand at ease)
sjfhdf uf]8f kmf6 csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ cfb]z xf] . uf]8fkmf6sf] cfb]z kfpgf;fy
;ts{ cj:yfaf6 cfˆgf] b]a|] uf]8f !% b]lv @) ;]ld dfly prfnL nueu
@% b]lv #) ;]ld afofF nu]/ ahf{g'xf];\ . uf]8fkmf6sf] ;dodf z/L/sf]
;Gt'ng sfod /fVf]/ bfofF xft dfly / afofF xft tn /fvL a'9L cf}n F fx¿ Ps
cfk;df j|m; kf/L 6Dd 6fF;/] /fVg'xf];\ ;fy} 5ftL km'nfP/ l;wf cufl8 x]gx{' f];\ .

50 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

^=!=@ bfof“ kms{, afof“ kms{ / k"/f kms{ (Right turn, left
turn and about turn)

xfd|f] ljBfno laxfg !) ah]sf] b}lgs k|fy{gfaf6 ;'? x'G5 .

sjfh ubf{ 6f]nL g]tfn] ljleGg cfb]z lbg'x'G5 . To;kl5 xfdL
;a}n] ;ts{, uf]8fkmf6, bfofF kms{, afofF kms{, k"/f kms{ cflb
cg'zfl;t eP/ u5f}F . ;a} ljBfyL{n] cg'zfl;t eP/ ;ª\uLt jf
8«dsf] tfndf Ps};fy oL sfo{x¿ ubf{ /dfOnf] cg'ej x'G5 .
To;}n] xfdL ;w}F laxfgsf] k|fy{gf ;dodf sjfh u5f}{F .
-s_ bfof“ kms{ (Right turn)
;a}eGbf klxn] ;a} hgf ;ts{ cj:yfdf /xg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] bfofF
kms{sf] cfb]z lbgf;fy ;a}n] Ps};fy bfofF uf]8f / z/L/nfO{ bfofFlt/
kmsf{pg'xf];\ . To;kl5 afofF uf]8fnfO{ cufl8 nu]/ p7fpFb} bfofF uf]8fsf]
s's'{Rrf ;Fu} x'g] u/L ahfg{'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk ^=@
lrqdf h:t} z/L/nfO{ bfof“tkm{ kms{g] cEof; cf7b]lv bz k6s;Dd cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .

-v_ afof“ kms{ (Left turn)

;a} hgf ;t{s cj:yfdf /xg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] cfb]z lbgf;fy lrqdf
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 51
b]vfPh:t} z/L/ / bfofF uf]8f
Ps};fy bfofFtkm{ kmsf{pg'xf];\ .
bfofF uf]8f s]xL cufl8 p7fpFb}
jfofF uf]8fsf] s's{'Rrf;Fu ldNg]
u/L ahfg'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk ^=#
lrqdf b]vfP h:t} z/L/nfO{ afof“tkm{ kmsf{pg] cEof; cf7b]lv bz k6s;Dd cEof;
ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ k"/f kms{ (About turn)
lj|mofsnfk ^=$ lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

z/L/nfO{ l7s ljk/Lt lbzftkm{ jf !*) l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf kmsf{pg] lj|mofsnfknfO{

k"/f kms{ elgG5 . k"/f kms{bF f hlxn] klg bfofFltaf6 kms{gk' 5{ .
^=!=# l56f] lx“8 (Quick march)
-s_ l56f] lx“8 (Quick march)

lj|mofsnfk ^=% lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

l56f] lxF8 cfb]z kfpgf;fy afofF v'6\6fnfO{ #) b]lv #% ;]= ld= hlt
cufl8 n}hfg'xf];\ . To;kl5 bfofF v'6\6fnfO{ ^% b]lv &% ;]=ld= hlt cufl8

52 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

nu]/ s's'{rfdf a9L ef/ kfg'{xf];\ . afofF v'6\6f cufl8 x'Fbf bfofF xft cufl8
/ bfofF uf]8f cufl8 x'Fbf afofF xft cufl8 kfg'{xf];\ .
^=!=$ Uff]8frfn / c8 (Mark time and halt)
-s_ uf]8f rfn (Mark time)
uf]8f rfn cfb]z ;ts{ cj:yfdf dfq} ul/G5 . 6f]nL g]tfsf] …uf]8f rfnÚsf]
cfb]z kfpg] lalQs} ;'?df afFof uf]8f prfn]/ hldgdf 6]Sg'xf];\ . To:t}
j|mdzM !, @, =========!, @ ===== !, @ ==== eg]/ uGtLsf] tfndf jf 8«dsf]]
tfndf uf]8f rfnsf] cEof; ug'{xf]; . 6f]nL g]tfsf] cfb]zkZrft uGtL
! df afFof uf]8f sl/a ^ OGr hlt prfn]/ 6]Sg] / @ eGbf bfFof uf]8f
prfn]/ hldgdf 6]Sg'xf];\ . To;kl5 xfts]f l:ylt ;ts{ cj:yfdf h:tf]
5 ToxL l:yltdf /fv]/ uf]8fdfq prfn]/ hldgdf 6]Sg] 6]Sg'xf];\ / o:t}
cEof; cf7b]lv bz k6s bf]xf]¥ofpg' xf];\ .
-v_ uf]8f c8 (Halt):
of] cfb]zdf rfln/x]sf] sbd jf uf]8f /f]Sg'k5{ . uf]8f /f]Sbf bflxg] uf]8fdf
r]s eg]/ b]a|] uf]8fdf !, km]l/ bflxg] uf]8fdf @, b]a|] uf]8fdf # eg]/
/f]Sg'xf];\ . o;/L /f]lsFbf xfd|f] z/L/ ;ts{sf] cj:yfdf x'G5, z/L/sf] tf}n
b'j} uf]8fdfly a/fa/ kg{ hfG5 .
^=@ zf/Ll/s s;/t (Physical exercise)
tkfO{Fn] slxNo} sf]xL dflg;n] z/L/ rnfpg], tGsfpg], 3f]K6f] k/L xft
/ uf]8fn] 5'g] u/]sf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 < 5 eg] Tof] s] u/]sf xf]nfg\ <
;fyLx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ . z/L/sf cª\unfO{ ljljw lbzfdf rnfP/ ul/g]
lqmofsnfk zf/Ll/s s;/t xf] . s'g} aflx/L ;fdu|Lsf] ;xof]uljgf o:tf
lj|mofsnfk ul/G5 . z/L/sf cªux¿nfO{ tGsfP/ / v'DrfP/ ul/g] of]
cEof; zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tLsf nflu clt dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 . o:tf s;/t
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 53
lgs} ;/n / ;xh tl/sfn] h'g;'s} 7fpFdf klg cEof; ug{ ;lsG5 . xfd|f]
zl//nfO{ :j:Yo / tGb'?:t agfpg lgoldt s;/t ug{ cfjZos 5 .
lgoldt zf/Ll/s s;/t ugf{n] z/L/ km'lt{nf] x'G5 . vfgf kR5 / lg›f
nfU5 Pjd\ /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; klg x'G5 . ca tkfOF{x¿ klg
j|mdzM tn lbOPsf zf/Ll/s s;/tx¿sf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ M
lj|mofsnfk ^=^
dfbn jf 8«dsf] tfndf g= ! b]lv & ;Ddsf] kL= 6L= af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofP/
cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
!= kL= 6L= ! M lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ uGtL ! eGbf ;ts{ cj:yfdf pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf lrqdf
b]vfP h:t} u/L b'j}
xftnfO{ la:tf/} l;wf
dfly n}hfg'xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf lrqdf
b]vfP h:t} u/L k'gM
b'j} xftnfO{ la:tf/}
l;wf cj:yfdf ! @ # $
Nofpg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtkl5 $ eGbf lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{ j|m;
u/L pleg'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ * jf !^ ;Dd uGtL ub}{ !^ oxL j|mdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .

54 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

@= kL= 6L= @ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M

! @ # $ %
-s_ uGtL ! eGbf lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{ j|m; u/L
pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L 3'F8fnfO{ la:tf/} v'DRofpFb}
k]6dfly j|m; u/]sf] xftnfO{ oyfjt\ /fVg'xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf 3'8F fnfO{ l;wf kfb}{ b'j} xftnfO{ bfofF afofF km}nfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf uGtL ! df h:t} cj:yfdf kms{g'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ * jf !^ ;Dd uGtL ub}{ oxL j|mdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
#= kL= 6L= # M lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M

! @ # $ % ^ &
-s_ uGtL ! eGbf lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{ j|m; u/L
pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf uf]8fnfO{ xNsf k6\ofpb} b'j} xftnfO{ s'dsf] l;wf x'g]
u/L bfofF afofF km}nfpg'xf];\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 55
-u_ uGtL # eGbf xftnfO{ dfly nuL 5ftLnfO{ tGsfP/ k5fl8 n}hfg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uf]8f s]xL km6fP/ pleg'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ * jf uGtL !^ ;Dd uGtLub}{ olx j|mdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
$= kL= 6L= $ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

! @ # $ % ^
-s_ uGtL ! eGbf lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L k]6dfly b'j} gf8LnfO{ j|m; u/L
pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf j|m; u/]sf] xftnfO{ la:tf/} lgwf/dfly j|m; u/L /fVg'xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf 3'8F fnfO{ l;wf kfb}{ b'j} xftnfO{ bfofF afofF km}nfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf uGtL ! df kms{g'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ uGtL ub}{ * jf !^ ;Dd o;nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
%= kL= 6L= % lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M

56 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

-s_ uGtL ! eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uf]8f s]xL km6\6ofP/ pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf uf]8fnfO{ s]xL km6\ofpFb} bfofF lrqdf b]vfP h:t} xftnfO{
p7fP/ afofFtkm{ 9Nsfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf uf]8fnfO{ s]xL km6\ofpFb} afofF xftnfO{ p7fP/ bfofFtkm{
9Nsfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uGtL ! df h:t} pleg'xf];\ . uf]8f
s]xL km6\6fP/ pleg'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ uGtL ub}{ !^ ;Dd o;nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
^= kL= 6L= ^ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M

-s_ uGtL ! eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uf]8f s]xL km6\ofP/ pleg'xf];\ .
-v_ uGtL @ eGbf uf]8f z/L/nfO{ lrqdf h:t} u/L cufl8 em'sfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf z/L/nfO{ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L k5fl8 em'sfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf uGtL ! df h:t} cj:yfdf kms{gx' f];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ !^ ;Dd uGtL oxL j|mdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
&= kL= 6L= & lrqdf b]vfP h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ uGtL ! eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uf]8f s]xL km6\ofP/ pleg'xf];\ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 57

-v_ uGtL @ eGbf uf]8fnfO{ grnfO{sg b'j} xftnfO{ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L
bfofFaf6 afofFtkm{ a6fg'{xf];\ .
-u_ uGtL # eGbf uf]8fnfO{ grnfO{sg b'j} xftnfO{ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L
uGtL @ sf] ljk/Lt ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ uGtL $ eGbf xftnfO{ aundf 6fF;L uf]8f s]xL km6\ofP/ pleg'xf];\ .
-ª_ nuftf/ * jf !^ ;Dd uGtL ub}{ oxL j|mdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ .
cEof;
tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\
!= sjfh eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf s'g} tLgcf]6f cfb]z pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
@= sjfhn] xfd|f] z/L/sf] s'g s'g kIfsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{ < pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ .
#= zf/Ll/s s;/t eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf s'g} rf/ kmfObf atfpg'xf];\ .
$= lk=6L= g+ ! b]lv & ;Ddsf cEof;x¿ ;fyL ;d"xdf kfn}kfnf] k|b{zg
ug'{xf];\ .

58 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 &
PsfO
Pyn]l6S; / lhDgfl:6s
(Athletics and Gymnastic)
cjnf]sg u/f}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“ M

&=! Pyn]l6S;sf] kl/ro (Introduction to athletics)

s] tkfO{Fn] klg lrqdf b]vfP h:t} zf/Ll/s ls|ofsnfkx¿ ug]{ ug'{ePsf]
5 < o:tf lj|mofsnfkx¿ lsg ul/G5 xf]nf < xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ :j:Yo,
alnof] / tGb'?:t agfpgsf nflu ;Gt'lnt ef]hgsf ;fy} lgoldt
s;/tsf] cfjZostf k5{ . lgoldt¿kdf o:tf zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfk /
v]ns'bsf] cEof;n] ef]s nfUg], vfgf /fd|f];Fu kRg], lgGb|f nfUg], /f]u
k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf a9\g], hfFu/ a9\g], z/L/ cfsif{s x'g] x'G5 . o;/L z/L/
nfO{ :j:y / tGb'?:t /fVg ul/g] lxF8fO, bf}8fO, pk|mfO / km\ofFsfO h:tf
lj|mofsnfnfO{ Pyn]l6S; elgG5 . oL lj|mofsnfk zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s
ljsf;sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 59
xfdLn] ;a} k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfk / v]ns'bsf l;k l;Sbf /
k|bz{g ug{'eGbf klxnf lhp ttfpg] s;/t ug'{k5{ . o:tf lj|mofsnfkn]
Pyn]lS; / v]ns'bsfnflu k"j{ tof/L x'g dbt u5{ . zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfk /
v]ns'bkZrft\ lhp lr:ofpg] s;/t klg ug'{k5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=!
l7s jf a]l7s jfSo 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ M
j|m= ;= jfSo l7s a]l7s
!= v]ns'b v]Ng'k"j{ lhp ttfpg] s;/t ug{'kb{}g .
@= bf}8 ;a} vfn] v]ns'bsf nflu k"jf{wf/ xf] .
#= lgoldt bf}8\bf z/L/ :j:y tyf tGb'?:t x'G5 .
$= d]/f] lgoldt bf}8\g] afgL 5 .

-s_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L

tLg b]lv rf/ ldg]6 lhp
ttfpg] s;/tsf] cEof;
ug'{xf];\ M

-v_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L !)

b]lv !% k6s pk|mg] sfo{
ug'{xf];\ .

-u_ lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L

cf7 b]lv bz k6s ;a} s;/
tsf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
60 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
&=@= &% ld6/;Ddsf] bf}8 (Running up to 75 M)
bf}8af6 xfd|f] z/L/sf ;Dk"0f{ cª\u / k|0ffnLx¿sf] /fd|f] s;/t x'G5 .
bf}8df xfdL s'g} Ps laGb'af6 csf]{ laGb';Dd l56f] ultdf k'Ug] sfo{
u5f}{F . o;/L s'g} lgwf{l/t 7fpFdf k'Ugsf nflu l56f] l56f] ¿kdf ul/g]
zf/Ll/s rfn jf ultnfO{ bf}8 elgG5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=@ lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

%) ld=

dfly lrqdf h:t} u/L %) ld6/sf] b'/Ldf hlt;Sbf] l56f] bf}8g'xf];\ . krf;
ld6/sf] b'/L kf/ ul/;s]kl5 la:tf/} lxF8/] bf}8 ;'? ug{] /]vflt/
cfpg'xf];\ . bf}8 ;'? ug{] /]vfdf cfO;s]kl5 nfOgsf] clGtddf uP/ pleg'xf];\ .
;a} hgfn] cf7b]lv bz k6s kfn}kfnf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk &=# lrqdf b]vfP h:t} &% ld6/ bf}8sf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ M

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 61

&=# pk|mg] Ifdtf a9fpg] ;xof]uL lj|mofsnfk
-s_ hf]8Ldf v]Ng] l:slkª (Skipping in
pairs)

hf]8Ldf l:slkªsf] cEof; ubf{ e/k'/ dgf]/~hg

x'G5 . ;fd"lxs efjgfsf]] ljsf; x'G5 . xftuf]8f
/ cfFvflardf ;dGjosf] ljsf; x'G5 . To:t}
zf/Ll/s j[l4 / dfgl;s ljsf;df klg
of]ubfg k'U5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=$
lrqdf b]vfPh:t} hf]8Ldf l:slkª v]Ng] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
syf k9f}“ / a'emf}“ M
n'lgef / ;'gfjtL rf/ sIffdf k9\g] ldNg] ;fyLx¿ x'g\ . n'lgefsf
a'afcfdf k|To]s lbg laxfg zf/Ll/s s;/t / of]u ug'{xG5 . n'lgef klg
a'afcfdf;Fu} zf/Ll/s s;/t, of]u / l:slkª klg v]lN5g\ . ljBfnodf klg
;fyLx¿;Fu v]Ng] ul5{g\ . ;'gfjtLnfO{ eg] zf/Ll/s s;/tx¿ ug{ dg nfUb}
g . pgL sIffsf]7fdf g} k9]/ al:5g\ . Ps lbg lzIfsn] sIff rf/sf ;a}
hgfnfO{ glhs}sf] kxf8df kbofqfdf nfg'eof] . n'lgef / cGo s]xL ;fyLx¿
/dfOnf];Fu b[Zo x]b{} dgf]/~hg lnP . ;'gfjtL / s]xL ;fyLx¿sf] v'6\6f
b'v]sf sf/0fn] kbofqf lard} 5f]8]/ kms]{ .
kmls{g] a]nfdf ;'gfjtLn] n'lgefnO{ ;f]leg\, æn'lgef ltd|f v'6\6f lsg
gb'v]sf] xf]nf <Æ æn'lgefn] dSv kb{} pQ/ lbOg\Æ x]/ ;'gfjtL Û d t k|To]s
laxfg cfdfa'af;Fu dlg{ªjfs hfG5' . ;fy} zf/Ll/s l:slkª, of]u / cGo
s;/t klg u5'{ . To;}n] d]/f] v'6\6f alnof] ePsf] xf] . n'lgef ltdL t
lgoldt zf/Ll/s s;/t u/]/ alnof] eO5f} . cab]lv d klg ;w}F ;fyLx¿;Fu
z/Ll/s s;/t ug{] / v]ns'b v]Ng] u5'{ .
62 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
-v_ lbzf abnL ug{] xk bf}8 (Hopping)
s] tkfO{F xk bf}8df ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] 5 < tkfO{F slxn] otf slxn] ptf
pk|mb} bf}8b\ } ug'{ ePsf] xf]nf . s] Pp6f v'66\ fn] pk|mb} bf}8b\ } ug'e
{ Psf] 5 <
cjZo . Tof] xk bf}8 xf] . ca oxfF lbzf kl/jt{g ub}{ xk bf}8sf] cEof;
u5fF}{ .
lj|mofsnfk &=%

dfly lrqdf b]vfP h:t} lbzf ab\nL ug]{ xk bf}8 Pp6f v'6\6f jf b'j}
v'6\6fn] klg ug{ ;lsG5 . lrqdf b]vfP h:t} ;a} hgf kfn} kfnf] klxn]
b'j} v'6\6fn] / kl5 Ps v'6\6fn] dfq} xk bf}8sf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 63
&=$ b'O{ xftn] an kmfNg] v]n (Throwing)
lj|mofsnfk &=^
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

k9f}“ / a'emf}“
cfh xfdL kfFrf}F 3G6Ldf v]n v]Ng] 5f}F . ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ b'O{ xftn] an
kmfNg] v]n v]Nbf /dfOnf] x'G5 . ;j{k|yd z'edn] annfO{ b'j} xftn] ;dftL
kmfN5g\ . c¿ ;fyLx¿ efU5g\ . z'edn] kmfn]sf] ann] nfu]sf] ;fyLn] an
kmfNg] kfnf] kfpF5 . o;} u/L kfn}kfnf] ;a}n] an kmfNg] / efUg] u/L of] v]n #)
ldg]6;Dd v]Ng] 5f}F . b'j} xftn] an kmfNbf ;fyLnfO{ tfs]/ kmfNg'k5{ . c¿ ;fyL
annfO{ 5n]/ efUg'k5{ .
b'O{ xftn] an kmfNg] v]n ;d"xdf v]Nbf ;fd"lxs efjgfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . of]
v]nsf] cEof; ubf{ cfFvf / xftsf] ;dGjo, cr'stf, rkntf cflbsf]
/fd|f] ljsf; x'G5 . ;d"xdf b'j} xftn] an kmfNg] v]n v]Nbf ;do ;lsPsf]
kQ} x'Fb}g .

64 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

&=% tf]lsPsf 7fp“df ann] lg;fgf nufpg] v]n
lj|mofsnfk &=&
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

cfh xfdL ann] lg;fgf nufpg] v]n l;Sg] 5f}F . ;j{k|yd lzIfsn]
v]Ng] tl/sf k|bz{g u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 . xfdLnfO{ klg cEof; ug{] cj;/
lbg'x'g]5 . xfdL tfFtLdf a;L dfly lrqdf b]vfP h:t} kfn}kfnf] ann]
6f]s/Ldf lg;fgf nufpg] cEof; ug]{ 5f}F . xfdL ;a}n] bz bz k6s lg;fgf
nufpg] cEof; ug]{ 5f}F . o;/L kfn}kfnf] lgzfgf nufpg] cEof; ubf{ ˆofFSg]
l;k, ;dGjo / cr'stfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . o; v]naf6 ;d"xdf ldn]/ v]Ng]
;fdflhs u'0fsf] klg ljsf; x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=*
;a} hgf tfFtLdf pleg'xf];\ . Pp6f leQfdf Psn] uf]nf] lg;fgf nufpg'xf];\
To;kl5 !) lkm6 hlt k/af6 annfO{ b'j} xftn] ;dft]/ lg;fgfdf k'¥ofpg]
k|of; ug'{xf];\ . ;a} hgfn] kfn}kfnf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
&=% e'mNg] / tlGsg] s;/t (Swinging and twisting exercise)
;a} hgf tfFtLdf pleP/ e'mNg] / tlGsg] s;/t ug]{ 5f}F . o;/L pleFbf Ps
csf{sf] xft v'66\ f tGsfpFbf Pscsf{df g5'g] u/L pleg'k5{ . ca z/L/sf]
sDd/b]lv dflysf] efunfO{ xNsf u/L e'mNg] h:tf] ub}{ otfptf, rf/}lt/
xNnfpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 xftnfO{ klg otfptf rf/}lt/ xNnfpg'xf];\ .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 65
lj|mofsnfk &=( lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L xft, sDd/, uf]8fnfO{ tGsfpg] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .
o;/L tGsfpFbf hj/h:tL gug'{xf];\ . cfk"mn] ;Sg] u/L / ;lhnf] nfUg]
cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
&=^ tfGg] / nlRsg] s;/t (Pulling and swinging exercise)
lj|mofsnfk &=!) lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

xfdLn] cfh tfGg] / nlRsg] s;/t ug]{ 5f}F . ;a}eGbf klxn] cfk\mgf] ;fyL
5gf]6 ug'{xf];\ . ca lrqdf u/]sf] h:t} ;a}n] kfn}kfnf] cf7 bz k6s tfGg]
/ nlRsg] s;/t ug'{xf];\ .
66 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
&=& em'lG8g], r9\g] / emg{] s;/t (Swinging and climbing)
cfhsf] sIffdf em'lG8g], r9\g] / emg{] s;/tsf] cEof; ug]{ 5f}F . ca
xfdL lzIfssf] lgb{]zgdf tfFtLdf a;L kfn}kfnf] af/df em'lG8g], r9\g]
/ emg{] s;/tsf] cEof; ug]{ 5f}F . xfdL ;a}n] oL s;/tx¿sf] bz
bz k6s cEof; ug]{ 5f}F . o;/L lgoldt em'lG8g], r9\g] / emg{]
s;/tubf{ sfFw, xft, kfv'/f, uf]8f cflbsf] df+;k]zL alnof] x'G5 . /
zf/Ll/s tGb'?:tLsf] klg ljsf; x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk &=!!
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

&=* lhDgfl:6s (Gymnastics)

lj|mofsnfk &=!@

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 67

lrq x]/f}“ / 5nkmn u/f}“ M
k|Zgx¿
!= lrqdf afnaflnsfn] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <
@= lrqdf u/]sf h:tf lj|mofsnfk tkfO{“n] klxn] ug{'ePsf] 5 <
#= lrqdf u/]sf h:tf lj|mofsnfk lsg ug'{k5{ <
k9f}“, a'emf}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M
ljleGg pks/0fsf] k|of]u u/]/ jf pks/0fsf] k|of]ulagf ul/g] zf/Ll/s
s;/t, Jofofd / z/L/ ;Gt'ng ug{] sfo{nfO{ lhDgfl:6s elgG5 . o;sf
nflu pRr ;Gt'ng, zlSt, nrstf, rkntf, ;dGjo cflbsf] cfjZostf
k5{ . lgoldt lhDgfl:6ssf] cEof; ubf{ xfd|f kfv'/f, sfFw, 5ftL, k]6,
uf]8f cflb df+;k]zL alnof x'G5g\ .
-s_ cufl8 / k5f8L la:tf/} kN6gafhL (Turning forward backward)

kN6gafhL lhDgfl:6ssf] cfwf/e"t lj|mofsnfk xf] . of] lj|mofsnfksf]

cEof; ug'{eGbf klxn] /fd|f];Fu lhp ttfpg] s;/t ug'{k5{ . z/L/
ttfpg] lj|mofsnfk ug{ ;a} hgf xNsf bf}8g] cEof; ug'{k5{ . xftuf]8f
3'dfpg] / tGsfpg] sfo{ klg ug{ ug'{k5{ . ca tn lrqdf b]vfPh:t} ;a}
n] kfn}kfnf] cufl8 / k5fl8 kN6gafhL ug'{xf];\ . o;/L kN6g afhL ubf{
anhk\mtL kN6g' x'FbF}g .
68 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
lj|mofsnfk &=!#
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M
lrqdf lbP h:t} cufl8af6 k5fl8af6 kN6g afhLsf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .

-v_ ;Gt'ng (Balancing)

cfhsf] sIffdf xfdLn] b'j} xftn] / 6fpsfn] e'OFdf 6]sL uf]8f

dfly nu]/ z/L/ ;Gt'ng ug]{ cEof; ug]{5f}F . o;sf nflu
b'Ob'O{ hgfsf] hf]8L agfpg] 5f}F . Ps hgfn] o:tf] cEof;
ubf{ csf{n] uf]8f ;dft]/ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 . of] lj|mofsnfk
ubf{ ha/h:tL ug]{, ws]lnlbg] / lagf hfgsf/L lardf
5f]l8lbg] ug'{x'Fb}g .
lj|mofsnfk &=!$
xft cyjf 6fpsfn] 6]sL z/L/ ;Gt'ng /fVgsf nflu kof{Kt lhp ttfpg] s;/t
ug{'xf];\ . To;kl5 b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] hf]8L agL tf“tL cyjf kª\lStdf pleg'xf];\ .
…uf]Ú sf] cfb]z kfpg;fy b'O{ hgfdWo] Pp6fn] lrqdf b]vfP h:t} u/L xft jf 6fpsfn]
e'O“df 6]Sg] / csf{] ;fyLn] v'6\6f ;dfO{ ;fyLnfO{ ;Gt'ng agfpg ;xof]u ug{'xf];\ .
Pp6fsf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 csf{] ;fyLn] klg klxn]h:t} cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M
lj|mofsnfk &=!%
k]6 e'O{ 5f]O b'j} xft / uf]8f l;wf tGsfO{ z/L/ ;Gt'ng /fVg] cEof;
ug]{ 5f}F . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd /fd|f];Fu lhp ttfO;s]kl5 u'Gb|L jf g/d j:t'
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 69
cf]5\ofP/ cg'xf/nfO{ hldglt/ kf/]/ jf 3f]K6f] k/]/ ;'Tg'xf];\ . To;kl5 lrqdf
u/]sf] h:t} u/L xft / uf]8fnfO{ tGsfpFb} la:tf/} hldgaf6 dfly p7fO{
k]6n] dfq 6]Sg] k|of; ug{'xf];\ . o; cj:yfdf cf7 bz ;]s]G8;Dd /xg]
k|of; ug{'xf];\ . ;a} ljBfyL{x¿n] kfn}kfnf] kfFrb]lv 5 k6s;Dd cEof;
ug{'xf];\ .
cEof;
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
! zf/Ll/s Jofofd / v]n v]Ng'cufl8 z/L/ ttfpg] s;/t lsg ul/G5 <
@= xk bf}8 eg]sf] s] xf] <
#= Zf/Ll/s s;/tsf] s'g} tLgcf]6f kmfObf eGg'xf];\ .
$= b'O{ xftn] an kmfNg] v]n v]Nbf s'g kIfsf] ljsf; x'G5 <
%= lhDgfl:6S; eg]sf] s] xf] <
^= lhDgfl:6S; cfwf/e"t lj|mofsnfx¿dWo] s'g} b'Oc
{ f]6fsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
&= kN6gafhL ug{'eGbf klxn] s] ug{'k5{ <
*= lhDgfl:6ssf s'g} b'O{ kmfObf n]Vg'xf];\ .
70 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 *
PsfO
;fwf/0f, :yfgLo / an v]nx¿
( Minor, Local and Ball Games)

*=! ;fwf/0f / :yfgLo v]n (Minor and Local Games)

xfdL xfd|f] ufFp3/df rf]/ k'ln;, ?dfn n'sfO, 5f]O, nv]6fO h:tf v]n
v]N5f}F . oL v]nnfO{ ;fwf/0f tyf :yfgLo v]n elgG5 . o:tf v]n ;fwf/0f
tyf ;fdfGo lgodsf ;fy} :yfgLo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]udf v]lng] ePsfn]
o;nfO{ ;fwf/0f tyf :yfgLo v]n elgPsf] xf] .
v]nx¿ vfnL ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug{ / dgf]/~hg ug{ v]lnG5 . slxn]
sfxLF k|lt:kwf{sf ¿kdf klg oL v]n v]lnG5 . ;fwf/0f / :yfgLo
v]nx¿sf lgod / v]Ng] tl/sf 7fpFcg';f/ km/s km/s x'g ;S5 . o:tf
v]nx¿sf] lgoldt cEof;n] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s j[l4 / ljsf; x'G5 . ;fy}
;fdflhs efjgfsf] ljsf; / dgf]/~hgdf ;d]t 6]jf k'U5 .
tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\
!= km';{bsf] ;dodf tkfO{“ s'g s'g v]n v]Ng'x'G5 <
@= tkfO{“sf] ufp“3/df v]lng] ;fwf/0f tyf :yfgLo v]nx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .
*=!=! ;fwf/0f v]nx¿ (Minor games)
lj|mofsnfk *=!
;fyLx¿ ldn]/ ufpF3/df v]lng] v]nx¿dWo] tkfO{FnfO{ dg kg{] b'O{cf]6f
v]nsf] v]Ng] tl/sfsf af/]df 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ . 5nkmn ul/;s]kl5 :yfgLo
;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ pSt v]nsf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
-c_ n6\7L l6Kg] v]n
n6\7L l6Kg] v]n ;fwf/0f v]n xf] . of] v]n v]Ng s]xL n6\7Lsf] cjZostf
k5{ . of] v]n a/fa/L ;ª\Vofdf ;d"xdf /dfOnf];Fu v]Ng] ul/G5 .
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 71
lj|mofsnfk *=@
ljBfyL{x¿sf] rf/ ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ .
k|To]s ;d"xsf] cufl8 l;wf /]vfdf Ps
Pscf]6f n6\7L /flvlbg'xf];\ . …uf]Ú sf]
cfb]z kfpg;fy klxnf] gDa/sf ;a}
ljBfyL{x¿ bf}8\b} uP/ n6\7L l6Kg'xf];\ .
n6\7L l6k]kl5 tLj| ultdf kms{]/ n6\7L
cfk\mgf] ;d"xsf] cufl8 plePsf]
;fyLnfO{ lbO{ cfkm" tfFtLsf] cGTodf uP/ pleg'xf];\ . ;d"xsf ;a} ;fyLx¿sf]
kfnf] g;lsP;Dd v]n hf/L /fVg'xf];\ . ;a}eGbf klxnf n6\7L l6k]/ ;Sg]
;d"x ljhoL x'G5 .
-cf_ ;ª\Vofdf xf]pm v]n
lj|mofsnfk *=#

lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

lrqdf h:t} ;a} hgf rp/df hfg'xf];\ . Pp6f uf]nf] 3]/f agfpg'xf];\ .
uf]nfsf/ 3]/fdf ;a} hgf bf}8g\ x' f];\ . lzIfsn] ;a}n] ;'Gg] u/L s'g} cª\ssf]
pRrf/0f ug'x{ G' 5 . ;f]xL lgb]z
{ gadf]hd cª\s ldNg] u/L Pscfk;df xft ;dft]/
72 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
cfˆgf] ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ . ;d"x agfpg g;Sg] ljBfyL{ 3]/faflx/ hfg'k5{ . of]
v]n af/Daf/ cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=$
tkfO{Fsf] ufpF3/df v]Ng] :yfgLo tyf ;fwf/0f v]nx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M
j|m= ;= tkfO{“n] v]Ng] u/]sf v]n tkfO{“n] gv]n]sf t/ :yfgLo txdf v]lng] v]n
!=
@=
#=
$
*=@ :yfgLo v]nx¿ (Local games)
*=@=! 8lG8laof] v]n
8lG8laof] v]nnfO{ k/Dk/fut tyf
:yfgLo v]nsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . of]
v]n ;ft ;ft hgfsf] b'O{
-8G8L ;d"x / laof] ;d"x_ ;d"x ldn]/
v]lng] v]n xf] . of] v]n v]Ng] :yfg
;fgf] ePdf kfFr kfFr hgfsf]
;d"xdf klg v]Ng ;lsG5 . o;
v]ndf Ps kIfn] 8G8Ln] laof]nfO{ 6f9f;Dd km\ofFSg] sfd ul/G5 . o;}
u/L csf]{ kIfn] laof] ;dfPdf laof] kmfNg] JolSt :jtM cfp6 x'G5 .
olb ;dfpg g;s]df 8G8Ln] laof]nfO{ 7\ofs nufP/ 6f9f k'¥ofpg] sfo{
ul/G5 . 7\ofssf] cfwf/ / b'/Lsf] u0fgf u/L xf/ lht 5'6\ofOG5 . lgwf{l/t
;do -#) b]lv $% ldg]6_ df a9L cª\s k|fKt ug]{ ;d"x ljhoL x'G5 .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 73

lj|mofsnfk *=%
kfFr jf ;ft hgfsf] ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ . 6; u/L 8G8L ;d"x / laof] ;d"x
5'6\ofpg'xf];\ . b'O{ ;d"xlar 808Llaof]sf] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
-cf_ af3rfn (Bagchhal)

s] tkfO{Fn] af3rfn v]Ng'ePsf] 5 <

s] tkfO{FnfO{ af3rfn v]Ng] tl/sf /
lgodx¿sf] Hffgsf/L 5 < o; v]ndf
rf/cf]6f af3 / @) cf]6f afv|f x'G5g\ . v]nsf]
j|mddf af3n] ;a} afv|f vfPdf af3 kIf /
af3nfO{ y'Gg ;s] afv|f kIfsf] lht x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk *=^
;'?df af]8{sf] rf/ s'gfdf af3 /fVg'xf];\ . afv|fx¿ htf htf /fv] klg
x'G5 . la;cf]6f afv|f /flv;s]kl5 afv|f yKg kfOFb}g . olb af3n] ;a}
afv|f vfPdf af3 kIfsf] / af3nfO{ y'Gg ;s] afv|f kIfsf] lht ePsf]
3f]if0ff ug{'xf];\ .
*=# an v]nx¿ (Ball games)
(=#=! km'6an (Football)

k9f}“ / a'emf}“ M
km'6an Ps nf]slk|o v]n xf] . annfO{ v'6\6fn] xfg]/ v]lng] ePsfn] k'm6an
elgPsf] xf] . of] v]n P3f/ P3f/ hgf v]nf8Lx¿sf] b'O{ ;d"xlar v]Ng]
ul/G5 . l56f] ultdf annfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]/ v]Ng'kg{] x'Fbf v]nsf]
lgod / cg';fzgsf] kfngf ub{} ;fjwfgLk"j{s v]Ng'k5{ .

74 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

-s_ lslsª / 6«oflkª (Kicking and trapping)

lj|mofsnfk *=&
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

lslsª 6«oflkª ======$÷% ld==== 6«oflkª lslsª

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 75

lj|mofsnfk *=*
km'6ansf] lslsª / 6«oflkª l;k l;Sgsf nflu ;j{ky| d lhp
ttfpg] s;/t ug{x' f];\ . lhp ttfO;s]kl5 b'O{ a/fa/ ;ª\Vofdf ljefhg
x'gx' f];\ . b'j} ;d"xdf ;b:o tfFtLdf pleg'xf];\ . ;d"x …sÚ n] lrqdf u/]sf] h:t}
u/L Og;fO8 / Og:6]k lslsª u/L ;d"x …vÚ df an k'¥ofpg''xf];\ . ;d"x
…vÚ sf] cufl8 plePsf] JolStn] klg ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 cfPsf] annfO{
k}tfnf, uf]8f cflbn] /f]sL k'gM annfO{ lssª u/L ;d"x …sÚ df k'¥ofpg'xf];\
/ tfFtLdf k5f8L uP/ pleg'xf];\ . kfn}kfnf] ;a}n] af/Daf/ cEof; ug{x' f];\ .

lj|mofsnfk *=(
lhp ttfpg] cEof; ul/;s]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] rf/ ;d"x
agfpg'xf];\ . ljefhg x'g'xf];\ . b'O{cf]6f ;d"x d}bfgsf Pp6f ;fO8 / csf{]
b'O{cf]6f ;d"x rf/ kfFr ld6/sf] b'/Ldf csf{] ;fO8df pleg'xf];\ . To;kl5
tfFtLsf] ;a}eGbf cufl8sf] ljBfyL{n] lrqdf u/]sf] h:t} u/L annfO{ lslsª u/L
csf]{ ;d"xdf k'¥ofpg'xf];\ . csf{] ;d"xsf] tfFtLdf ;a}eGbf cufl8 plePsf]
ljBfyL{n] annfO{ /f]sL k'gM lslsª u/L csf{] ;d"xdf k'¥ofpg'xf];\ . To;kl5

76 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

an kfpg] ;d"xsf] tfFtLsf] ;a}eGbf cufl8sf] ljBfyL{n] annfO{ /f]sL
lslsª ub}{ csf]{ ;d"xdf k'¥ofpg'xf];\ . an lslsª u/]kl5 cfk\mgf] ;d"xsf]
tfFtLsf] cGTodf uP/ pleg'xf];\ . o;/L ;a} ljBfyL{n] kfn}kfnf] lslsª /
6«oflkªsf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
*=#=@ af:s]6an (Basketball)
k9f}“ / a'emf}“ M
Aff:s]6an ;fd"lxs v]n xf] . of] kfFr kfFr hgf v]nf8Llar annfO{ kf;
ub{} ljkIfsf] af:s]6df l5/fP/ v]lnG5 . af:s]6an 9nfg ul/Psf] sf]6{df
tLj| ultdf v]lnG5 .
kfl;ª / Soflrª (Passing and catching)
lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

af:s]6annfO{ ljleGg tl/sfn] cfˆgf] ;fyL ePsf] :yfg;Dd k'¥ofpg'nfO{

kfl;ª elgG5 . ;fyLn] kf; lbPsf] annfO{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s ;dfpg'nfO{
Soflrª elgG5 .
lj|mofsnfk *=!)
lhp ttfpg] s;/t ul/;s]kl5 ;a} ljBfyL{sf] b'O{ ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ .
b'O{cf]6f ;d"x ljk/Lt lbzfdf tfFtLdf pleg'xf];\ . ;j{k|yd tfFtLsf] cufl8
plePdf ;fyLn] annfO{ b'j} xftn] ;dft]/ ljkIfL ;d"xsf] ;fyLnfO{ an
kf; ug'{xf];\ . an kf; u/]kl5 tfFtLsf] clGtddf uP/ pleg'xf];\ . ljkIfL
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 77
;fyLn] lbPsf] annfO{ lrqdf u/]sf] h:t} u/L ;dfP/ k'gM ljkIfL ;fyLnfO{
kf; u/L cfkm" tfFtLsf] clGtddf uP/ pleg'xf];\ . o;} u/L ;a}n] kfn}kfnf]
an ;dfpg] / kf; ug{] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=!!
ljBfyL{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg x'g'xf];\ . lrqdf b]vfPsf] h:t} tfFtLdf
pleg'xf];\ . uf] sf] cfb]z kfpg;fy tfFtLsf] ;a}eGbf cufl8sf]
ljBfyL{n] annfO{ s]xL cufl8;Dd l8«lalnª u/L kms{/] csf{] ;d"xnfO{ kf;
ug{x' f];\ . To;kl5 csf]{ ;d"xaf6 cfPsf] annfO{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s ;dftL s]xL
cufl8;Dd l8«lalnª u/L kms{]/ csf{] ;d"xsf] ;fyLnfO{ an kf; ug'{xf];\ .
o;} u/L ;a} ljBfyL{n] kfn}kfnf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
*=#=# l/n] an (Relay ball)
l/n] an ;d"xdf ul/g] /dfOnf] v]n xf] . of] v]nsf] cEof;n] ljBfyL{x¿df
an kf; ug]{ / ;dfpg] l;ksf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] z/L/sf ljleGg
cª\ux¿sf] ;Gt'ng ug]{ Ifdtfsf] klg ljsf; x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk *=!@
;j{k|yd % ld= sf] b'/Ldf b'O{cf]6f /]vf lvRg'xf];\ . ;d"xdf ljefhg eO{
Pp6f /]vf aflx/ tfFtLdf pleg'xf];\ . an tfFtLsf] cufl8 /]vfdf /fVg'xf];\ .
…uf]Ú sf] cfb]z kfpg;fy cluNnf] kª\lStsf ljBfyL{ an lnP/ lgwf{l/t b'/L
kf/ ug{'xf];\ . To;kl5 bf}8Fb} cfP/ an cfk\mgf] ;d"xsf] ;fyLnfO{ kf; u/L
78 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
cfkm" tfFtLsf] clGtddf uP/ pleg'xf];\ . o;/L kfn}kfnf] ;a} ljBfyL{n] l/n]
an v]nsf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=!#

;'? kfl;ª kfl;ª ;dfKt

;j{k|yd lrqdf h:t} ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 lrqdf b]vfPh:t} u/L

pleg'xf];\ . lzIfsn] …uf]Ú eGgf;fy cfkm" cufl8 ePsf] an l6k]/ bf}8Fb} uP/
csf]{ ;d"xsf] ;fyLnfO{ kf; lbg'xf];\ . To;} u/L clGtdsf] ;fyLn] l/n] an bf}8
k"/f ug{'xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk *=!$
tkfO{Fn] v]n]sf / gv]n]sf an v]nx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M
j|m= ;= tkfO{“n] v]n]sf an v]n tkfO{“n] gv]n]sf an v]n
!=
@=
#=
$
*=#=$ 8han (Dodgeball)
kIf ;d"xsf v]nf8Ln] ann] xfg]/ ljkIfnfO{ cfp6 agfpg] / To;/L xfg]sf]
an af6 csf]{ kIf ;'/lIft /xg] k|of; ub}{ v]lng] v]nnfO{ 8han elgG5 .
of] v]n v]Nbf lgs} dgf]/~hg x'G5 . ;fy} o;n] xfd|f] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s
/ ;fdflhs ljsf;df klg ;xof]u u5{ . o; v]ndf k|To]s ;d"xdf gf} b]
:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 79
lv !@ hgf ;Dd v]nf8L x'G5g\ . h;dWo] kfFr hgf ;lj|mo v]nf8Lsf]
?kdf sf]6{leq v]Ng] u5{g\ . cfoftfsf/ jf uf]nfsf/ sf]6{df of] v]n v]Ng
;lsG5 . of] v]n h'lgo/x¿ @) ldg]6 / l;lgo/x¿ $) ldg]6sf] cjlwdf
v]lnG5 . o;sf nflu 8han jf elnan jf To:t} xn'sf k|sf/sf] ansf]
cfjZostf k5{ .
ls|ofsnfk *=!%M
uf]nf] 3]/f agfP/ Pp6f ;d"x 3]/fleq / csf]{ ;d"x 3]/faflx/ pleg'xf]; .
3]/faflx/ /x]sf v]nf8Ln] an Pscfk;df kf; ub}{ df}sf 5f]k]/ ann]
xfg]/ 3]/fleqsf v]nfl8nfO{ cfp6 ug]{ k|of; ug'{xf];\ . ;a} v]nf8L
cfp6 ePkl5 kfnf] abn]/ v]Ng'xf];\ . lglZrt ;dodf a9L cª\s k|fKt
ug]{ ;d"x ljhoL x'G5 .
ca cfoftsf/ sf]6d{ f b'j}
;d"xsf kfFr kfFr hgf v]nf8L
sf]6l{ eq a:g'xf];\ . b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf
b/n] sf]6{sf] kl5Nnf] /]vf
k5fl8k6\l6 / c? PsPs
hgfsf] b/n] sf]6{sf] bfofF
jfofF a:g'xf];\ . 6; lhTg] ;d"xn] an xfGg] df}sf kfpg]5 . kIfsf v]nf8Ln]
Pscfk;df an kf; ub}{ ljkIfsf v]nf8Ln] ;dfTg g;Sg] h'lSt ckgfP/
z/L/sf] sDd/eGbf d'lgsf] efudf nfUg] u/L ann] xfg]/ cfp6 ug]{ k|oTg
ug'{xf];\ . o;/L pSt ann] xfGbf ;xL tl/sfn] nfu]df Ps cª\s k|fKt
x'G5 / pSt v]nf8L cfp6 ;d]t x'G5 . olb xfg]sf] pSt annfO{ ljkIfn]
z/L/df nfUg gkfpFb} xftn] ;dft]df cª\s k|fKt x'Fb}g . an xfGg] kfnf]
ablnG5 . o; v]ndf v]nf8L cfp6 / Og x'g] k|lj|mof sa8\8L h:t}
x'G5 . o;/L lglZrt ;dodf a9L cª\s k|fKt ug]{ ;d'x ljhoL x'g]5 .

80 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

cEof;
tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ tkfO{Fsf] ufpF3/df v]lng] s'g} tLgcf]6f :yfgLo v]nx¿sf] gfd
n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ 8G8Llaof] v]n v]Ng] tl/sfx¿ pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-u_ :yfgLo v]n eg]sf] s] xf] <
-3_ ;fwf/0f tyf :yfgLo v]nsf kmfObfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{'xf];\ .
-ª_ km'6an v]nsf s'g} b'O{ l;k pNn]v ug{'xf];\ .
-r_ af:s]6an ;fyL ePsf] :yfg;Dd k'¥ofpg] l;knfO{ s] elgG5 <
-5_ l/n] an eg]sf] s] xf] <
-h_ ;fyLn] kf; lbPsf] km'6an /f]Sg] l;knfO{ s] elgG5 < 

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 81

 (
PsfO
of]u (Yoga)

lrq x]/f}“ / cEof; u/f}“ M

(=! k|f0ffofdsf] kl/ro / cEof; (Introduction and Practice of

Pranayanam)
xfd|f] z/L/sf] Zjf;k|Zjf;nfO{ rnfpg], /f]Sg] / z/L/e/L km}nfpg] sfo{
k||f0ffofd xf] . o; sfo{df d'v aGb u/]/ Zjf;nfO{ gfsaf6 leq tfGb} Ps}
l5g /f]s]/ aflx/ kmfNg] ul/G5 . z/L/df cfjZos zlSt kfpgsf nflu
xfdLn] ;w}F k|f0ffofdsf] cEof; ug'{k5{ . of] cEof; ubf{ xfd|f] z/L/sf] /
ut z'4 x'G5 . kmf]S;fsf] sfd ug]{ Ifdtf a9\5 . dflg;sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g]
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . o;n] :d/0f zlSt a9fpF5 . sfddf Psfu| eP/
nfUg dbt u5{ . k|f0ffofd w]/} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . k|f0ffofdsf] tl/sf l;s]/
dfq} cEof; ug'{k5{ .
lj|mofsnfk (=!
ca ;a}hgfn] lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} b}lgs el:qsf
k|f0ffofd ug'{xf];\ . of] k|f0ffofd ug{sf nflu
;'vf;gdf a;]/ d'v aGb ug'{xf];\ . o;kl5 b'O{cf]6f
gfsaf6 ;f; leq eg]{ / aflx/ kmfNg] ug'{xf];\ . of]
k|f0ffofd l;s]/ lgoldt cEof; ug]{ afgL a;fNg'xf];\ .
82 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
(=@ of]usf] kl/ro (Introduction to yoga)
of]usf] ;/n cy{ hf]8g\ ' jf Ps x'g' xf] . o;n] z/L/ / dgnfO{ hf]85 \ .
dflg;nfO{ :j:y /fV5 . s'g} sfddf Psfu| eP/ nfUg] w}o{ k|bfg
u5{ . of]uleq cf;g cyf{t\ zf/Ll/s cEof;x¿ k5{g\ . oL cEof;n]
z/L/nfO{ km'lt{nf] / nlrnf] agfpF5g\ . zf/Ll/s cEof;n] dflg;sf] z/L/ :j:y
x'G5 . of]uleq k|f0ffofd cyf{t\ Zjf;k|Zjf;sf] cEof; klg k5{ . of]uleq
Wofg cyf{t\ dgsf] cEof; klg k5{ . oL cEof;sf dfWodaf6 dflg;
Psfu|, cg'zfl;t / 1fgL aGg ;S5 . of]un] dflg;sf] s'g} s'/f nfdf]
;do;Dd ;Demg] zlSt;d]t a9fpF5 . o;sf] cEof;n] dflg; zf/Ll/s /
dflgl;s b'j} ¿kdf :j:y x'G5 .
(=# of]u cf;g ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIf (Aspects to be considered
while performing yoga asana)

of]uf;gsf] cEof; ubf{ tnsf s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'k5{ M

-s_ of]uf;g ;kmf / xfjf cfpg] 7fpFdf Dof6 cyjf b/L la5\ofP/ ug'k{ 5{ .
-v_ of]uf;g ug'{eGbf klxn] k|fy{gf ug'{k5{ . k|fy{gfn] dg Psfu| x'G5 .
Wofgk"j{s Psfu| lrQn] u/]sf] cEof;af6 al9 nfe k|fKt x'G5 .
-u_ of]uf;g vfnL k]6df cyjf vfgf vfPsf] tLg 306fkl5 dfq} ug'k{ 5{ .
vfgf vfg]lalQs} of]u ubf{ xflg x'g ;S5 .
-3_ of]uf;g ubf{ v's'nf] n'uf nufpg'k5{ . ljxfgsf] ;dodf of]u ug'{
/fd|f] dflgG5 .
-ª_ of]uf;g ubf{ ;'?df ;lhnf cf;gx¿ ug'{k5{ . lgoldt cEof;
u/]kl5 dfq} sl7g cf;gx¿sf] cEof; of]u lzIfs;Fu a;]/ ug'{k5{ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 83

-r_ of]uf;g ubf{ ysfO nfUof] cK7\of/f] eof] eg] Ps l5g cf/fd u/]/
cEof; ug'{k5{ . ha/h:tL ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-5_ Hj/f] cfPsf] a]nfdf, w]/} ysfO nfu]sf] a]nfdf / rf]6k6s nfuL
ck|];g u/]sf] a]nfdf of]uf;g ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-h_ of]uf;g a;]/, p7]/ pQfgf] k/]/ tyf k]6sf] e/df ;'t/] ug{
;lsG5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ j|md}l;t ug{sf nflu lzIfs;Fu /fd|/L l;s]/
dfq cEof; ug'{k5{ .
(=$ ;'vf;gsf] cEof; (Practice of Sukhasana)
;'vf;g ug{sf nflu lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
-s_ ;'?df hldgsf] ;txdf of]u Dof6 dfly uf]8f l;wf u/]/ a:g'xf];\ .
-v_ bfofF uf]8fnfO{ 3F'8faf6 df]8]/ afofF lt3|fsf]
d'lg /fVg'xf];\ .
-u_ o;/L g} afofF uf]8fnfO{ klg 3F'8faf6 df]8]/
bfofF lt3|fsf] d'lg /fVg'xf];\ .
-3_ b'j} xftnfO{ 3F8' fdfly 1fgd'bf| df xTs]nf
cfsfztkm{ kmsf{pbF } /fVg'xf];\ .
-3_ sDd/, ub{g / 6fpsf]nfO{ l;wf kf/]/ /fVg'xf];\ .
-r_ o;} u/L k6s k6s cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
;'vf;gsf kmfObf
-s_ z/L/ / dgsf] ysfg sd x'G5
-v_ d]?b08 alnof] x'G5 .

84 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

-u_ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng Nofpg ;xof]u k'U5
-3_ o; cf;gdf a;]/ k|f0ffofd tyf Wofg ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
(=% ah|f;gsf] cEof; (Practice of Vajrasana)
lrqdf lbP h:t} 3'F8f v'DRofP/ 3'F8fdf xft/fvL sDd/ l;wf
kf/]/ u/Lg] cf;g g} ah|f;g xf] . of]cf;gsf] cEof;n] 3F'8f,
uf]8f, uf]lnufF7f, k}tfnf cflbdf /fd|f] s;/t x'G5 . ah|f;gn]
kfrg k|0ffnLnfO{ alnof] agfpg], Psfu|tf a9fpg] / lrGtg
zlStsf] ljsf; u5{ . To:t} hf]gL{sf] b'vfO sd ug{], 6fpsf]
b'Vg] /f]u sd ug{], /Strfksf] ;d:of klg sd u5{ .
lj|mofsnfk (=@
3'8F f v'DRofP/ Dof6dfly a:g'xf];\ . o;/L a:bf b'j} k}tfnfsf] a'9Lcf}Fnf
5f]P/ /fVg'xf];\ . To;kl5
b'j} xftnfO{ tgSs tGsfP/
3'F8fdfly /fVg'xf];\ . 5ftL,
3fF6L / 6fpsfnfO{ l;wf /fvL
Zjf;k|Zjf;df Wofg s]lGb|t
ug{'xf];\ . of] cj:yfdf kfFrb]lv
!) ldg]6;Dd /xg'xf];\ . cGTodf
z/L/nfO{ xn'sf 5f]8\b} klxnfsf] cj:yfdf kms{gx' f];\ .
(=^ cw{ xnf;gsf] cEof; (Practice of Ardha Halasana)
cw{ xnf;gsf] cEof; lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ hldgdf pQfgf] k/]/ lk7 cyf{t\ d]?b08sf] e/df ;'Tg'xf];\ .

:jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 85

-v_ b'Ocf]6} xftnfO{ z/L/;Fu} bfofFafofF xTs]nfnfO{ hldgtkm{ kmsf{P/
/fVg'xf];\ .
-u_ ca bfofF uf]8fnfO{ gv'DRofO{sg l;wf dflw cfsfztkm{ n}hfg'xf];\ /
la:tf/} tn hldgdf lkmtf{ Nofpg'xf];\ .
-3_ o;} u/L afofF uf]8fnfO{ klg gv'DRofO{ hldgaf6 dfly l;wf
p7fpg'xf];\ / la:tf/} hldgdf lkmtf{ Nofpg'xf];\ .
-r_ o;/L kfFr kfFr k6s cEof; ug'{xf];\ / cGtdf b'j} uf]8fnfO{ ;Fu}
dfly p7fpg';\ / la:tf/} hldgdf lkmtf{ Nofpg'xf];\ .
cw{xnf;gsf kmfObf
-s_ k]6sf] efunfO{ alnof] agfpF5 .
-v_ kfrg zlSt /fd|f] x'G5 .
-u_ lt3|f tyf lk8f}nfsf] efunfO{ alnof] agfpg dbt k'U5 .
-3_ z/L/df /St ;~rf/ /fd|f] x'G5 .
cEof;

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\

!= k|f0ffofd eg]sf] s] xf] <
@= ah|f;g eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf kmfObf n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= ;'vf;gsf] cEof; s;/L ul/G5 <
$= cw{xnf;g ug]{ tl/sf pNn]v ug'{xf]];\ .

86 :jf:Yo,zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 PsfO
/]vflrq / /ª
(Drawing and Colour)

/]vfª\sg (Drawing)
!)
xfdL ljleGg ;fdu|Lsf] ;xfotfn] lrq sf]g{ ;S5f}F . sfuhdf /]vfª\sg ug{
k]lG;n, j|m]og, rf/sf]n h:tf ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . /]vfª\sg ubf{ xNsf
dl;gf] /]vf sf]b}{ ug'{k5{ . gldn]sf 7fpFdf O/]h/sf] ;xfotf lng ;lsG5 .
/]vflrq agfpFbf b'?:t} x'gk' 5{ eGg] 5}g . o;/L /]vfª\sg ubf{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg
l;wf /]vf, afª\ufl6ª\uf /]vf, rj|mLo /]vf cflb sf]g{ ;lsG5 . tn lbOPsf] lrq cjnf]sg
ug'{xf];\ . s'g s'g k|sf/sf /]vfx¿ b]lvG5g\ < 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk !)=!
tkfO{“nfO{ dg kg]{ ljleGg lsl;dsf /]vfx¿ sfkLdf sf]g'{xf];\ / tL /]vfx¿sf]
gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 87
HofldtLo cfsf/af6 j:t'sf] lrq lgdf{0f (Drawings based on
geometrical shapes)
xfd|f jl/kl/ ljleGg k|sf/sf j:t' x'G5g\ . tL j:t'x¿ ljleGg gfk -size_ / cfsf/
sf -shape_ x'G5g\, h:t} M s';L{, d]r, 6]a'n, efF8f, ufu|f], l;;L, an, k'mnbfgL,
cflb . tL j:t'x¿ s'g} rf/kf6] 5g\ eg] s'g} uf]nfsf/, s'g} l;lnG8/ h:t} 5g\ eg]
s'g} tLgs'g] cfsf/sf 5g\ . o:tf cfsf/ ePsf j:t'nfO{ HofldtLo cfsf/sf j:t'
elgG5 . o:tf cfsf/k|sf/ ePsf j:t'x¿sf] cjnf]sg u/]/ lrq agfpg ;lsG5 .
o:tf s]xL HofldtLo cfsf/sf lrq o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

sIffdf ePsf ljleGg HofldtLo cfsf/sf j:t'x¿sf] lrq agfpg ;lsG5 . o:tf
HofldtLo cfsf/sf k|sf/sf lrqsf] cEof;n] c¿ vfnsf lrq agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .
lrq agfpFbf To; j:t'sf] gfk, cfsf/ / j:t' stflt/ kmls{Psf] 5 eGg] Vofn
ug'{k5{ . oxfF rf/ sIffdf k9\g] ljBfyL{n] cfk\mgf] sIffsf]7fsf s';L{sf] lrq agfPsf]
b]vfOPsf] 5 .
88 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 lj|mofsnfk !)=@
tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ ePsf HofldtLo cfsf/sf ljleGg j:t' ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ / tL
j:t'x¿sf] cjnf]sg u/L /]vflrq agfpg'xf];\ .
5fof (Shading)

Ps k6s sf]/]sf] b'O{ k6s sf]/]sf t];|f] k6s sf]/]sf rf}yf] k6s sf]/]sf

j:t' d f k| s fz k/] s f] efu first coat Second coat third coat forth coat
pHofnf] x' G 5 eg] j:t' s f]
k| s fz gk/] s f] efu cF W of/f]
x' G 5 . l;;fsndaf6 5fof
k|sfzsf] k|efj b]vfpFbf pHofnf]
efudf la:tf/} jf Ps k6s
dfq -lkmSsf_ / 5fof k/]sf]
efudf k6s k6s bf]xf]¥ofpFFb}
uf9f kfg{ ;lsG5 .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 89
/]vflrqdf 5fof -shading_ ugf{n] lrq0f ul/Psf] j:t'df ulx/fO -depth_
sf] k|efj k}bf x'G5 . j:t'df 5fof k/]sf] efu uf9f cyjf sfnf] x'G5 . tn
HoldtLo cfsf/sf j:t' /]vfª\sg ul/Psf 5g\ . tL j:t'df 5fof s;/L k/]sf] 5
cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ M

lj|mofsnfk !)=#
ca jf:tljs j:t' x]b}{ lrq sf]g]{ cEof; u/f}“ M

jf:tljs j:t' /]vf lrq 5fof u/]kl5

jf:tljs j:t' /]vf lrq 5fof u/]kl5

lj|mofsnfk !)=$
uf]nf], rf/kf6], zª\s' -cone_ h:tf ljleGg cfsf/ k|sf/ ePsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf]
/]vflrq agfO{ To;df 5fof ug]{ cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
cjnf]sgåf/f /]vflrq (Drawing from observation)
xfd| f jl/kl/ ljleGg j:t' 5g\ . o:tf j:t' /fd| / L cjnf] s g ug' { x f] ; \ .
90 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
x] / ] / agfPsf j:t' cem oyfy{ k /s b] l vG5g\ . s' g } klg j:t' x] / fOsf]
sf]0fcg';f/ km/s km/s b]lvG5 . cjnf]sgåf/f j:t'sf] lrq agfpFbf To;df
b]lvg] u'0f, df]6fO, nDafO, ulx/fO, cfsf/, 5fof, k|sfz cflb cWoog ug{
;lsG5 . o;/L cjnf]sg u/L lrq agfpg'k5{ . cEof; ubf{ klxnf Pp6f dfq j:t'
-simple shape_ sf] lrq agfpg] To;kl5 j|mdzM b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L j:t'x¿sf]
/]vfª\sg ug{k' 5{ . tn s]xL cjnf]sg u/L agfPsf lrq lbOPsf 5g\, cWoog ug'x{ f];\ M

lj|mofsnfk !)=%
sIff jf 3/aflx/sf b[io cjnf]sg u/L j:t'sf] lrq agfpg'xf];\ .
sNkgfdf cfwfl/t /]vflrq (Imagination drawing)
xfdL ljleGg s'/f sNkgf u5f}{F . cfk\mgf cg'ej, efjgf, ;f]r / sNkgfnfO{ ljleGg
dfWoodaf6 k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . cfk\mgf dgdf nfu]sf s'/f lrqdfkm{t k|:t't ug{
;lsG5 . tn lbOPsf afnaflnsfsf lrq cjnf]sg u/f}F / cfk"mn] klg cEof; u/f}F M
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 91
 afbndf km;]sf] xjfO{hxfh

d]/f] an / d]/f] s's'/

lrl8ofvfgfdf d / d]/f] efO

rGb|dfsf] ofqf
92 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
syfdf cfwfl/t /]vflrq (Drawings based on story)

ljBfyL{x¿ syf ;'Gb} u/]sf]

syfcg';f/ ljBfyL{n] agfPsf] lrq

syf ;'Gg ;a}nfO{ dg k5{ . kf7\ok':tsdf klg ljleGg y/Lsf syf x'G5g\ . s'g}
syf u'?x¿n] klg eGg'x'G5 xf]nf . o:tf syf ;'g]/ jf k9]/ tL syfaf/] lrq agfpg
;lsG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !)=^
kf7\ok':tsdf ePsf kf7x¿af/] 5nkmn u/L tL kf7dWo]af6 tkfO{“nfO{ dg
kg]{ ljifodf /]vflrq agfpg'xf];\ .
lzIfssf] ;xof]udf lrqsnf;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk ubf{ ;s];Dd :jMpTk|]/0ff x'g] u/L
cEof; ug'{xf];\ . ;s];Dd x'ax' lrq agfpg eGbf efjgf / ljrf/sf k|:t'ltnfO{
k|fyldstf lbO{ lrq agfpg'xf];\ . /]vfª\sg ug'{cufl8 sIffsf]7fdf ljleGg /]
vflrq k|bz{g u/L 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
/]vfª\sg ubf{ j:t'sf] lrq agfpg] sfo{ dfq gu/L To; j:t'df ePsf u'0f
h:t} M -tL slt df]6f, dl;gf, kftnf, v;|f], lrNnf] tyf ltgsf gfk / /ª cflb_
af/]df klg 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
lrq agfpFbf ;s];Dd kf7\ok':tsdf lbOPsf ljifoj:t'eGbf klg tkfO{Fn] k9\g]
u/]sf lrqk'l:tsf :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s, ;fdflhs g]kfnL h:tf ljifodf ePsf
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 93
 ljifoj:t'nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L lrq /rgf ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'G5 . h:t}M dnfO{ dg
kg]{ vfg]s/' f, 3/6f]nsf] ;/;kmfO,l5d]sLnfO{ ;xof]u, JolStut ;/;kmfO{, :jf:Yo,
d}n] hrfp“g] 7fFp cflb .
;fyLlar Ps csf{sf] sfo{ cjnf]sg u/L k|z+;f ug'{xf];\ .
cfk\mgf cg'ej -experiences_ u/]sf, ¿lr -interest_ / sNkgfsf ljifoj:t'df
-Imagination_ a9L hf]8 lbg'xf];\ . lrqsnf l;k dfq x}g cfk\mgf efjgf JoSt
ug]{ pTs[i6 dfWod klg xf] eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'xf];\ .

/ª (Colours)
xfd|f] jl/kl/ xfdL ljleGg j:t' b]Vg ;S5fF} . tL j:t'df xfdL y/Ly/Lsf /ªx¿ b]Vg
;S5f}F . Pp6} j:t'df klg uf9f jf lkmSsf u/L w]/} /ªsf k|j[lt b]Vg ;lsG5 . kfgL
/ª, k]lG;n /ª, j|mo] g, kf]:6/ /ª / t]n /ª cflb u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . o;} u/L
cla/, s]z/L, /ftf]df6f], a];f/ gL/ cflb .
k|fylds /ª -Primary colour_
/ftf], lgnf] / kx]Fnf] /ªnfO{ d"n /ª cyf{t -Primary colour_ elgG5 .

/ftf] kx]“nf] lgnf]

94 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
dfWolds /ª -Secondary colour_
b'O{ d"n /ªnfO{ ld;fP/ aGg] /ªnfO{ dfWolds /ª -secondary colour_ elgG5 .
+ + +

KofhL xl/of] ;'Gtnf

lj|mofsnfk !)=&
tkfO{“n] k|of]u ug]{ bf“t dfe\mg] a'?;, g'xfpg] ;fa'g h:tf :jf:Yo ;fdu|Lsf] lrq
agfO{ k|fylds /ª / dfWolds /ª nufpg'xf];\ .
uf9f /ª / lkmSsf /ª
tn lbOPsf /ªnfO{ cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ . tn lbOPsf /ªdf uf9fb]lv lkmSsf /
lkmSsfb]lv uf9f b]vfOPsf] 5 . s'g} klg /ªdf ;]tf] /ªsf] ld>0faf6 lkmSsf / sfnf]
/ªsf] ld>0faf6 pSt /ª uf9f x'Fb} hfG5 .
/ªnfO{ lkmSsf agfpg ;]tf] /ª ld;fp“bf

/ªnfO{ uf9f agfpg sfnf] /ª ld;fp“bf

l;;fsndaf6 uf9f /ª
l;;fsndnfO{ k6s k6s /u8]/ 5fof sfnf] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L l;;fsndsf]
k|of]u ubf{ k6s k6s -first coat, second coat_ ub}{ uf9f ug{ ;lsG5 . uf9f
/ª / lkmSsf /ªsf gd'gf tn lbOPsf 5g\ cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ M
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 95
l;;fsndaf6 Ps k6s bf];|f] k6s
/u8]sf] - first coat_ -second coat_

t];|f] k6s rf}yf] k6s

l;;fsndaf6 5fof kf/L agfPsf] cfsf/
-third coat_ -fourth coat_

s'g} klg j:t'sf] pHofnf] efu / 5fof k/]sf] efu /fd|f];“u cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ . tL
j:t'sf] 5fof k/]sf] efu uf9f x'G5 / k|sfz k/]sf] efu lkmSsf x'G5 .
lj|mofsnfk !)=*
rf/cf]6f a]Unfa]Un} sf]7f agfO{ l;;fsndn] 5fofsf r/0fx¿sf] klxnf]
-first coat_ b]lv rf}yf] k6s -fourth coat_ cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
cjnf]sgåf/f lrq lgdf{0f

s' g } klg j:t' s f] cjnf] s g

u/L To;sf] lrq lgdf{ 0 f ug{
;lsG5 . cjnf] s g ubf{ tL
j:t'sf] afx\o ¿kaf/] cWoog ug{
;lsG5 . s'g} klg j:t'sf] cjnf]sg ub}{
/]vfª\sg u/L /ª nufO{ lrq k"/f
ug{ ;lsG5 .

cjnf]sg u/L agfPsf] lrq

96 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
d'xf/ lrq -Portrait_
s'g} klg JolStsf] d'xf/ lrq agfpg'nfO{ kf]6«]6 elgG5 . lrq ;'? ug'{eGbf klxn]
cfk\mgf] ;fyLsf] d'xf/ s:tf] 5 cjnf]sg ug{k' 5{ . d'xf/ lrq agfpFbf cfk\mgf ;fyLnfO{
gd'gf /fv]/ lrq sf]g]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ .

lj|mofsnfk !)=(
tkfO{“ cfk\mgf] cg'xf/ xTs]nfn] 5fDg'xf];\ . cg'xf/ af6'nf], rf/kf6],uf]nf], a]
ngfsf/ jf cfoftsf/ s:tf] 5, ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ . s] tkfO{“sf] gfs clnslt
dfly p7]sf] 5 < cf“vf clnslt u9]sf] 5 < ca tkfO{“sf] cg'xf/ ;Dem]/ d'xf/
lrq agfpg] sf]l;; ug'{xf];\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 97
 lj|mofsnfk !)=!)
b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] ;d"x agfpg'xf];\ . Psn] csf{sf] d'v x]b}{ kfn}kfnf] d'xf/ lrq
agfpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
lrq agfp“bf jf /ª nufp“bf ;s];Dd oyfy{ j:t' cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ . cjnf]sg
u/]sf s'/faf/] 5nkmn ug{'xf]; . lrq agfp“bf s'g} lstfasf] jf kmf]6f]af6 skL
ug'{eGbf ;s];Dd oyfy{ j:t'af6 lrq agfpg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ .
cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf zAb 5gf]6 u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ M
k|sfz 5fof lrqsnf HofldtLo xl/of] lgnf]
-s_ /]vfx¿sf] pRrtd ;+of]hgaf6 =========================sf] ljsf; x'G5 .
-v_ uf]nfsf/, lqe'hfsf/, cfotfsf/, juf{sf/ cflb==============================
cfsf/x¿ x'g\ .
-u_ j:t'df k|sfz kbf{ pSt j:t'sf] ljk/Lt efudf =====================aG5 .
-3_ j:t'df =============================k/]df dfq /ªsf] klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
-ª_ kx]Fnf], /ftf] / ==============================k|fylds /ªsf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ tkfO{F cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrq s;/L agfpg'xG' 5 < lrq;lxt j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
-v_ HofldtLo cfsf/sf] k|of]uaf6 lrq s;/L lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 < lrq;lxt
JofVof ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ j:t'df 5fofsf] k|efj s;/L b]vfpg ;lsG5 < l;;fsndsf] k|of]u u/L
s'g} j:t'sf] 5fof agfpg'xf];\ .
-3_ /ª eg]sf] s] xf] < /ª slt k|sf/sf] x'G5 < pbfx/0f;lxt n]Vg'xf];\ .

98 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 -ª_ k|fylds /ªsf] k|of]uaf6 dfWolds /ª s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 < lrq;lxt
JofVof ug'{xf];\ .
-r_ :yfgLo :t/df ¿kdf kfOg] j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf /ª
s;/L lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5, n]Vg'xf];\ .
-5_ cfkm\gf] 3/ jf ljBfno j/k/ kfOg] j:t' dWo] tkfO{FnfO{ dg kg]{ s'g}
j:t'sf] lrq agfO{ pko'St /ª nufpg'xf];\ .
-h_ k|sfz / 5fFoflarsf] ;DaGwnfO{ pbfx/0f / lrq;lxt k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ .
-em_ lrq lgdf{0f sfo{df /ªsf] dxŒj pbfx/0f;lxt k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ .
-`_ lkmSsf /ª / uf9f /ª s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 < k|lj|mof n]Vg'xf];\ .
-6_ tkfO{Fsf] cg'xf/ ;Dem]/ cfkm\gf] d'xf/sf] lrq agfpg'xf];\ .
-7_ syfdf cfwfl/t / sNkgfdf cfwfl/t s'g} Ps Pscf]6f lrq agfO{
pko'St /ª nufpg'xf];\ .
zAbfy{
rf/sf]n M uf]n jf sf7sf 6'j|mfdf ud jf afOG8/sf] ld;fj6af6 agfOPsf]
lrq agfpg] Ps dfWod
5fof M s'g} klg j:t'df k|sfz k/]kl5 b]lvg] sfnf] efu
lkmSsf /ª M lgSv/ /ªdf ;]tf] /ª ld;fpFb} lkmSsf ag]/ lg:sg] /ª
uf9f /ª M lgSv/ /ªdf sfnf] /ª ld;fpFb} uf9f ag]/ lg:sg] /ª
kfgL /ª M dfWodsf ¿kdf kfgL ld;fpFb} k|of]u ul/g] kf/bzL{ /ª

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 99

 PsfO

!!
5kfO / df6fsf] sfd
(Printmaking and Clay works)

s'g} klg j:t'sf] ;txdf /ª nufP/ j:t'df ePsf cfs[lt jf 6]S;r/sf] 5fkf lgsfNg]
sfo{nfO{ 5kfO sfo{ elgG5 . 5kfO sfo{ 3f]6]/ -squeezing_ lyr]/ -pulling_
/u8]/ -rubbing_ cyjf /ª 5s]{/ -spraying_ ug{ ;lsG5 . tn lbOPsf lrq
cjnf]sg u/L s:tf] lsl;dsf] 5kfO ePsf] 5, 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ M

lj|mofsnfk !!=!
ljleGg lsl;dsf l;;Lsf lasf{, n'ufsf 6f“s h:tf j:t'x¿ hDdf ug'{xf];\ . tL
j:t'df /ª nufO{ ltgsf] 5kfO ug'{xf];\ .
100 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
5kfO sfo{ cfs[ltd"ns jf cfs[ltljxLg b'j} x'g ;S5 . s'g} klg j:t'sf]
6]S;r/ dfq klg 5kfO ug{ ;lsG5 . 5kfOsf ljleGg ljlwdWo] oxfF s]xL ljlwsf]
cEof; ul/g] 5 .
cfs[ltd"ns 5kfO (Representational printing)
s'g} klg ;txdf s'g} cfs[lt agfP/ tL cfs[ltsf] 5kfO ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cfs[ltd"ns
5kfO elgG5 . cfs[ltd"ns 5kfOsf s]xL cEof; tn b]vfOPsf 5g\ M

cfn' / sf7df cfsf/ agfO{

5kfO u/]sf cfs[lt

lj|mofsnfk !!=@
s'g} l;Ssf lng'xf];\ / tL l;Ssfdfly sfuh /fvL /u8]/ -Rubbing_
;L;fsndsf] k|of]u u/L 5kfO ug'{xf];\ .
cfs[ltljxLg 5kfO (Non representational Printing)
s'g} klg ;txdf s'g} cfs[lt geO{sg 5kfO ;txdf h] 5 ;f]xLcg'¿k 5kfO
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cfs[ltljxLg 5kfO elgG5 . o:tf 5kfO sfo{ ubf{ s'g} klg ;txdf
/ª nufpg ;lsG5 / tL ;txsf /];faf6 ;txcg';f/sf texture 5kfO x'G5 .

afSnf] sfuhnfO{ sf6]/ cfsf/ agfO{ 5kfO u/]sf cfs[lt

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 101
t/sf/L jf jg:kltaf6 5kfO (Print making through vegetable
and plants)

x]/f}“ l;sf}“ / u/f}“ M

t/sf/L jf jg:kltaf6 klg 5kfO sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . t/sf/LnfO{ sf6]/ b'O{ 6'j|mf
agfpg] / To;nfO{ d;Ldf rf]k]/ sfuhdf 5kfO sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

tn cfn'af6 5kfO sfo{sf s]xL r/0fx¿ lbOPsf 5g\,cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ M

102 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 lj|mofsnfk !!=#
ljleGg lsl;dsf ;AhL ;ª\sng ug'x{ f];\ . To;dWo] tkfO{n“ fO{ dg kg]{ ;AhLnfO{
b'O{ 6's|f kfg'{xf];\ . 6'j|mf kfl/;s]kl5 To;df /ª nufpg'xf];\ / 5kfO
ug'{xf];\ . 5kfO ul/;s]kl5 s:tf] cfs[lt aGof], 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

:6]gl;n 5kfO (Stencil printing)

5kfO sfo{ ljleGg lsl;dn] ug{ ;lsG5 . cfs[ltd"ns / cfs[ltljxLg 5kfO
sfo{ u/] h:t} sfuh ljleGg cfsf/df sf6]/ :6]gl;n agfpg ;lsG5 . :6]gl;n
cfk"mnfO{ rfx]cg';f/sf] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ cfjZos cfsf/df sf6]/ /ª
5s]{/ tL cfsf/sf] 5kfO lgsfNg ;lsG5 . cfhef]ln ahf/df ljleGg cfsf/sf
:6]gl;n;d]t lsGg kfOG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !!=$
afSnf] sfuhnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/df sf6\g'xf];\ . sfl6;s]kl5 tL sfuhnfO{
;]tf] sfuhdf /fVg'xf];\ . ca k'/fgf jf k|of]u eO;s]sf] bf“t dfe\mg] a'?;n] /ª
5s{g'xf];\ -spray_ / s:tf] cfs[lt aGof], cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 103
l8hfOg / a'6\6f (Design and pattern)
l8hfOg / a'6\6f cfs[ltd"ns jf cfs[ltljxLg b'j} x'g ;S5g\ . sfuhsf] ;txdfly
Pp6} cfs[ltnfO{ cg]sf}F k6s 5kfO ug{ ;lsG5 . ljleGg z'esfdgf sf8{, lgdGq0ff
sf8{, 6]S;6fOndf l8hfOg / a'6\6f k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lbOPsf l8hfOgsf gd'gf
cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ M

a'6\6f l8hfOg ug'{kg]{ 7fp“nfO{ a/fa/ efudf af“8\g] af“l8Psf 7fp“df Pp6f cfs[lt agfpg]

tL cfs[lt /ª nufO{ bf]xf]¥ofO{ a'6\6f agfpg] cfjZostfcg';f/ /ª nufpg]

l8hfOg tof/ eof] .

104 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 lj|mofsnfk !!=%
ljleGg lsl;dsf z'esfdgf sf8{, lgdGq0ff sf8{ ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . tL sf8{df
tof/ kf/]sf l8hfOgnfO{ /fd|/L cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ cjnf]sgkZrft\ gof“ a'6\6f
l8hfOg tof/ u/L Pp6f lgdGq0ff sf8{ agfpg'xf];\ .

df6fsf ljleGg cfs[lt

df6fsf] k|of]uåf/f ljleGg lsl;dsf cfs[ltx¿ agfpg ;lsG5 . df6fnfO{ lyr]/, tfg]/,
df6f] yKb} cfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf] cfs[lt agfpg ;lsG5 . s'g} klg cfs[lt agfpg klxnf
cfwf/e"t cfsf/x¿ -h:t} M uf]nfsf/, a]ngfsf/, lqe'hfsf/, rf/kf6] h:tf csf/_
sf] cEof; ug{'k5{ . tL cfwf/e"t cfsf/sf] cEof;kl5 ljleGg kmnk"mn, ljleGg
cfsf/df efF8fs'F8fsf] gd'gf agfpg] cEof; ug{ ;lsG5 . ljleGg ljlwdWo] oxfF
xfdL Sjfon ljlw, lkGr ljlw / :Nofa ljlwaf/] cEof; u/f}F M

tof/L df6f]
'5]sf]
df6f] d

df6faf6 ag]sf
cfwf/e"t cfsf/

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 105

dfly lbOPsf ljleGg kmnk"mnsf lrq cjnf]sg ug'x{ f];\ . s] tkfO{n
F fO{ oL kmnk"mndWo]
s'g} kmnk"mn dg k5{ < ltgsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5, uf]nfsf/, a]ngfsf/ jf rf/kf6]
5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk !!=^
tkfO{n“ fO{ dg kg]{ kmnk"mn 5fGg'xf];\ . tL kmnk"mnsf] cfsf/ k|sf/ /fd|f];“u
cjnf]sg u/L cfk"mn] klg agfpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
HofldtLo cfsf/sf j:t'
df6faf6 ljleGg k|sf/sf HofldtLo j:t'x¿ agfpg xfdLn] tLg sIffdf
l;ls;s]sf 5f}F . tL ljleGg k|sf/sf HofldtLo j:t'x¿sf] ;+of]hgaf6 uf]nf],
af6'nf], RofK6f] rf/kf6] cflb ljleGg j:t' agfpg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu Pp6f
r/fsf] gd'gf lng ;lsG5 . uf]nfsf/af6 r/fsf] 6fpsf], a]nfgfsf/af6 r/fsf] lhp,
lqe'hfsf/af6 r/fsf] r'Rrf] agfpg ;lsG5 .

cfwf/e"t cfsf/af6 ag]sf df6fsf cfs[lt

106 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 lj|mofsnfk !!=&
ljleGg lsl;dsf HofldtLo cfsf/x¿ agfP/ To;sf] ;+of]hgdf ljleGg gd'gf
agfpg'xf];\ .
Sjfon -coil method_ ljlwaf6 df6fsf ef“8f agfpg] tl/sf
Sjfon ljlwaf6 df6fsf ;fdfg agfpg ;a} eGbf klxnf d'5]sf] df6f]nfO{ 8f]/L h:t}
u/L nfdf] nfdf] kfg'{k5{ . tL nfdf nfdf df6fsf 8f]/LnfO{ j|mdzM 3'dfpFb} cfk\mgf]
OR5fcg';f/sf cfsf/df yKb} n}hfg'k5{ . o;/L df6fsf 8f]/L yKb} df6fsf efF8fsf]
gd'gf agfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L agfOPsf Sjfon Pscfk;df 6Dd hf]l8Psf]
x'g'k5{ cGoyf rs{g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . tn lbOPsf s]xL Sjfon ljlwaf6 agfOsf
efF8f sf] gd'gf cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ M

df6fsf] kf6fdf Sjfon 3'dfp“b} u/]sf]

Sjfon tof/ u/]sf]
Sjfon agfp“b} u/]sf]

Sjfonsf] ef8f tof/

Sjfon 3'dfpFb} u/]sf]

Sjfon ljlwaf6
ag]sf ;fdu|L

:Nofa -slab method_ ljlwaf6 ljleGg j:t' lgdf{0f

d'5]sf] df6fsf 8NnfnfO{ lyr]/ jf a]n]/ df6fsf] kftf -slab_ agfpg ;lsG5 .
o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] d'5]sf] df6f]nfO{ 8Nnf] agfpg'k5{ . 8Nnf] df6fnfO{
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 107
/f]6L h:t} a]Ng'k5{ . a]n]/ df6fsf kftf agfpFbf ;s];Dd ;a} 7fpF a/fa/ x'g'k5{ .
a]ln;s]kl5 cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] -uf]nf] rf/kf6], a]ngfsf/_ cfsf/df rSs'n] ldnfP/
sf6\gk' 5{ . tnsf lrqdf df6fsf kftf agfpg] tl/sf / ljlw b]vfOPsf 5g\ .

:Nofa tof/ ub}{

:Nofax¿ Pscfk;df hf]8\b}
tof/L :Nofax¿

:Nofax¿ Pscfk;df hf]l8;s]kl5

cgfjZos efu sf6\b}
:Nofa ljlwaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] afs;
:Nofa -slab method_ ljlwaf6 df6f]df a'6\6f agfpg] tl/sf
:nfa ljlwaf6 df6fsf efF8f agfpg'sf ;fy} tL :nfadf ljleGg a'6\6fx¿ sf]/]/
To;nfO{ cem cfsif{s agfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L agfOPsf kftf -slab_ df cufl8 g}
jf kftfx¿ hf]l8;s]kl5 a'6\6f agfpg ;lsG5 .

tof/L :Nofax¿ a'6\6f sf]/]sf :Nofax¿ Pscfk;df hf]8]sf]

tof/L :Nofadf a'6\6f sf]/]sf]
108 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
a'6\6f tof/ ePkZrft\sf] j:t'

df6fdf agfPsf ljleGg a'6\6f

df6fsf j:t' agfO;s]kl5 To;df /ªsf] k|of]u

s'g} klg df6fsf] cfs[lt agfO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ /ª nufP/ cem cfsif{s / k|fs[lts
agfpg ;lsG5 . tof/L ePsf df6fsf j:t'df ljleGg :yfgLo jf tof/L /ª
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo /ªsf ¿kdf sfnfsf nflu uf]n, /ftf]sf nflu /ftf]df6f]
kxF]nf]sf nflu a];f/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/df tof/L /ª klg
lsGg kfOG5 .

lj|mofsnfk !!=*
tof/L df6faf6 :Nofa lgdf{0f u/L tL :Nofadfly ljleGg cfs[lt / a'6\6f
agfpg'xf];\ / To;nfO{ ;'sfpg'xf];\ . ;'ls;s]kl5 To;nfO{ sIffdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 109

lgdf{0f sfo{ (Construction)
tf/sf 6'j|mfaf6 ljleGg ;fwf/0f cfs[ltx¿ lgdf{0f
tf/sf ljleGg 6'j|mfnfO{ ldnfP/ ljleGg cfs[ltx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . xftn] g}
aª\Uofpg ;lsg] g/d vfnsf tf/sf] k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . tf/af6 lgdf{0f sfo{
u/L ljleGg d"lt{ agfPsf pbfx/0f klg k|z:t 5g\ . 7'nf 7'nf d"lt{;d]t ljleGg
tf/sf] k|of]u u/L agfOPsf 5g\ . tf/af6 ag]sf ljleGg gd'gf b]vfOPsf 5g\ cjnf]
sg ug'{xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk !!=(
tf/af6 s:tf lsl;dsf j:t' lgdf{0f ug]{ xf], To;sf] /]vfª\sg ug'{xf];\ / tL
/]vfcg';f/ tf/af6 j:t' lgdf0f{ ug'{xf];\ .
tf/sf] k|of]u u/L dfgj z/L/sf] cl:yk~h/ lgdf0f ug]{ k|of; ug'{xf];\ .
110 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
sfuhsf] a6\6fnfO{ 5f“6sf“6 u/L j:t' lgdf0f{
sfuhsf a6\6faf6 ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿ agfpg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu sfuhsf ljleGg
a6\6fx¿nfO{ hf]8L gofF j:t' agfpg ;lsG5 . sfuhsf a6\6fx¿ sf6]/, gofF sfuh
6fF;]/ ljleGg /ª\uLg sfuh 6fF;]/ klg sfuhaf6 ljleGg j:t'sf] cfs[lt sfo{ ug{
;lsG5 .

sfuhsf] a;

a6\6faf6 ag]sf] 3/

a6\6f agfpg sf]g'{kg]{ ju{

ju{x¿af6 ag]sf] a6\6f

lj|mofsnfk !!=!)
;fa'g, dGhg la:s'6sf a6\6fx¿ hDdf ug'{xf];\ . To;dWo]sf Ps a6\6fnfO{
vf]Ng'xf];\ / a6\6f s;/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] /x]5 cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ . cjnf]
sgkZrft\ kTofpg] (folding) 7fp“df l;;fsndn] /]vf sf]gx{' f];\ / cfk\mgf] skLdf
To;/Lg} /]vfª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
sfuhsf a6\6fx¿ ;ª\sng ug{'xf];\ . a6\6faf6 ljleGg j:t' agfpg'xf];\ . sf6\g]
/ 6f“:g] ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ cfkm"v';L ljleGg j:t' lgdf{0f u/L k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 111

 lj|mofsnfk !!=!!
ljleGg cfsf/ / ljleGg gfksf a6\6fx¿ ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . tL a6\6fx¿af6
s:tf s:tf ;fdu|L agfpg ;lsG5 ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ . tL a6\6faf6 s'g} Ps lgdf0f{
sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .
k'/fgf j:t' ;ª\sng u/L lgdf0f{ sfo{
k'/fgf v]nf}gf af]tn, sf7sf 6'j|mf, ;nfO{sf a6\6f, dGhgsf a6\6f cflbaf6 ljleGg
lgdf0f{ sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf j:t' 6fF:g], lsnfsf] k|of]u u/L tyf /a/n]
afFw]/ gofF gofF j:t'sf] lgdf0f{ ug{ ;lsG5 . 8f]/Lsf] k|of]u u/]/ klg ljleGg lsl;dn]
Ps jf PseGbf a9L j:t'x¿ hf]8\g ;lsG5 . 8f]/L gofF gofF tl/sfn] afw\g ;lsG5 .

h'Qf kf]ln;sf] a6\6faf6 u'8fpg] v]nf}gf

ldg/n jf6/sf] af]tnaf6

agfOPsf] v]nf}gf Kn]g

sf7sf 6'j|mfx¿ hf]8]/ agfOPsf] x]lnsK6/

l;Gsf / sk8faf6 agfOPsf] k'tnL

lj|mofsnfk !!=!@
k'/fgf ;fdu|Lx¿ ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . tL ;fdu|LdWo]af6 s'g} tLg jf rf/ lsl;dsf
j:t'x¿ 5fGg'xf];\ / cfk\mg} tl/sfn] hf]8]/ s'g} gof“ cfs[ltsf] lgdf{0f u/L k|bz{g
ug'{xf];\ .
112 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf zAbx¿ 5gf]6 u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ M
/ª 5s]{/ cfs[ltljxLg 5kfO :6]lG;n hl6n
5kfO cfs[ltd"ns
-s_ Pp6f j:t'sf] cfs[ltnfO{ csf]{ ;txdf ptfg'{ =======================xf] .
-v_ cfs[lt agfP/ 5kfO ug]{ sfo{ ================================ 5kfO xf] .
-u_ cfs[lt gagfO{ j:t' h:tf] 5 To:t} ¿knfO{ 5kfO ug'{ ===================
5kfO xf] .
-3_ bn]/, 3f]6]/, /u8]/ tyf =================================== 5kfO ug{ ;lsG5 .
-ª_ afSnf] sfuhdf s'g} j:t'sf] cfs[lt agfO{ To;nfO{ sf6]/ csf]{ sfuhdf
/fvL 5kfO ug]{ sfo{ =========================================== xf] .
@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ 5kfO eg]sf] s] xf] < of] s'g s'g tl/sfaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 < pbfx/0f;lxt
j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ 5kfO lsg ul/G5 < :6]lG;n 5kfO s;/L ul/G5 < k|lj|mof JofVof ug'x{ f];\ .
-u_ cfs[ltljxLg 5kfO / cfs[ltd"ns 5kfOdf s] km/s 5 < pbfx/0f;lxt
k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ .
-3_ df6faf6 ljleGg j:t'sf] lgdf{0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < o;sf ljlwx¿
pbfx/0f;lxt JofVof ug'{xf];\ .
-ª_ df6faf6 HofldtLo cfsf/sf j:t'sf] gd'gf agfpg] tl/sf n]Vg'xf];\ .
-r_ SjfOn ljlw / :Nof ljlwaf6 df6fsf ljleGg gd'gfx¿ s;/L agfpg
;lsG5 < pbfx/0f;lxt JofVofug'{xf];\ .
-5_ lgdf{0f sfo{ eg]sf] s] xf] < of] s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{hgfTds snf, sIff $ 113
 -h_ v]/ uPsf j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ lgdf{0f sfo{ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < lrqåf/f
k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ .
zAbfy{
6]S:r/ M s'g} ;tx jf j:t'sf] u'0f -h:t} v;|f], g/d / lrKnf]_
:6]lG;n M sfuh, sf7 jf wft'df sf6]/ j'6\6f cIf/ sf]/]/ 5kfO ug]{ ;fwg
:Nofa M df6fsf ;fdu|L agfpg k|of]u ul/g] df6f]sf] kmn]s jf kf6f

114 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 PsfO

!@
Uffog / jfbg
(Singing and Musical Instruments)

s'g} klg uLtnfO{ ;'l/nf] cfjfhdf u'Gu'gfpFbf xfdL ;a}nfO{ cfGfGb cfpF5 . s;}n] ld7f]
:j/df UfLt ufpFbf xfdLnfO{ ;'Gg dg nfU5 . o;n] /fd|f] :j/ lgsfn]/ efsf ldnfP/
ufpF5 p:fnfO{ xfdL ufos eg]/ lrG5f}F . uLt ufpg], gfRg] / afhf ahfpg] ;a} sfo{
;ª\uLtleq} k5{g\ . oxL ufpg], ahfpg] / gfRg] snf g} ;ª\uLt xf] . xfdL ufpFbf nfdf] ;f;
tfGg] / 5f]8g\ ] u5f}+{ . xfdLn] /fd|f] uLt ufpg, afhf ahfpg / g[To ug{ ;ª\uLtsf] kof{Kt
cEof; ug'k{ 5{ . o;sf nflu c¿n] ufPsf], ahfPsf] / gfr]sf] glhsaf6 x]g{] / cEof;
ug]{ afgL a:ffNg'k5{ . uLtsf] no tyf efj / afhfsf] tfndf uLt ufpFb} gfRbf xfd|f]
zf/Ll/s Jofofd eO{ xfdL ;wF} xFl;nf] / km'lt{nf] x'G5fF}+ .
!@=! :j/ cEof; (Vocal practice)
xfdL o' 6 \ o ' a df ;ª\ u Lt cEof; ul//x] s f lel8of] x] g ] { u5f} F . u' ? x¿n]
cfkm\gf lzionfO{ ;ª\uLtsf ;f/]ud :j/x¿ ufpg] / ahfpg] cEof; u/fO/x]sf
x'G5g\ . ;ª\uLtsf :j/x¿sf] b}lgs cEof;n] xfd|f] cfjfh ld7f] / ;'l/nf] x''G5 .
;ª\uLtdf ;ftcf]6f :j/ ;f /] u d k w lg x'G5g\ . log} ;ft :j/x¿af6 g} xfdLn]
;'g]sf ;Dk"0f{ uLt / w'gx¿ agfOPsf x'G5g\ . cfˆgf] k|d'v :yfgaf6 tn cyjf
dfly x'g] :j/nfO{ ljs[t :j/ elgG5 .
cfwf :j/ tn eP sf]dn / cfwf :j/ dfly eP tLj| x'G5g\ . ;ft :j/dWo] /] u d
w lg sf kfFr ljs[t ¿k / gfd klg x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ sf]dn / tLj| :j/ elgG5 .
z'4 ;ft, sf]dn rf/ / tLj| Ps u/L hDdf Ps ;Ktsdf afx| :j/x¿ x'G5g\ . afx|
:j/x¿nfO{ j|md}n] /flvPsf] :yfgnfO{ ;Kts elgG5 . xf/df]lgoddf tLgcf]6f ;Kts
x'G5g\ . wf]b|f] cyjf df]6f] :j/nfO{ dGb| ;Kts elgG5 . xfd|f] ;fdfGo af]nLrfnLsf]
l7Sssf] :j/nfO{ dWo ;Kts / dWo ;Kts eGbf dfly r9]sf] :j/nfO{ tf/ ;Ktssf]
:j/ elgG5 . o;nfO{ lgDglnlvt lrqaf6 k|:6 a'em\g ;lsG5 M

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 115

ljs[t :j/x¿ M /] u d+ w lg

z'4:j/x¿ M ;fÞ /]Þ uÞ dÞkÞwÞ lgÞ÷;f /] u d k w lg÷;f+ /+] u+ d+ k+ w+ lg+ ;f+

;Ktsx¿ M dGb| ;Kts dWo ;Kts tf/ ;Kts
;Ktsdf /x]sf :j/af6 ag]sf cnu cnu :j/ ;d"xnfO{ ;ª\uLtsf] efiffdf
cnª\sf/ elgG5 . cnª\sf/sf] hlt w]/} cEof; ul/of] Tolt rfF8f] xfdL
;ª\uLt l;Sg ;S5fF+} . o;sf nflu xf/df]lgod jf lsaf]8{df z'4 :j/x¿sf] cf/f]x
cj/f]xsf] cEof; ug'{k5{ . ;ª\uLtdf cf/f]x eGgfn] d'Vo :ff :j/b]lv dflylt/ r9\b}
hfg] :ff /] u d k w lg ;f+ j|mdnfO{ a'lemG5 . cj/f]x eGgfn] dflyaf6 tnlt/
klxn]s} :yfgdf emg]{ jf kms{g] ;f+ lg w k d u /] ;f j|mdnfO{ a'lemG5 . Ps
:j/eGbf w]/} :j/ ;d"x ldnfP/ ul/g] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof;nfO{ ;ª\uLtdf ;/ud
jf cnª\sf/ cEof; elgG5 .
!@=@ :j/ / cnª\sf/ cEof;
:j/lnlksf] :j/ cEof; ug]{ tl/sf
r/0f != lzIfsn] :j/ lgsfn]sf] Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'xf];\ .
r/0f @= ;d"xdf :j/sf] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
r/0f #= PSnfPSn} :j/sf] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
r/0f $= Ps ;fy b'O{cf]6f :j/ ;d"xsf] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
Rf/0f %= Ps ;fy tLgcf]6f :j/ ;d"xsf] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
r/0f ^= xfdf]{lgod jf lsaf]8{df cfkm}F cf/f]x cj/f]x :j/ vf]Hg'xf];\ .
r/0f &= cfk"mn] ufPsf] :j/ ;'/df ldn]sf] 5 ls 5}g xfdf]{lgod÷lsaf]8{sf] ;'/
jf kbf{ lyr]/ r]s ug'{xf];\ .
116 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
 lj|mofsnfk !@=!
:j/ cEof; u/f}+ M
cf/f]x M ;f /] u d k w lg ;f+
cj/f]w M ;f+ lg w k d u /] ;f
cf/f]x M ;f;f /]/] uu dd kk ww lglg ;f+;f+
cj/f]x M ;f+;f+ lglg ww kk dd uu /]]/] ;f;f
cf/f]x M ;f/], /]u, ud, dk, kw, wlg, lg;f+
cj/f]x M ;+flg, lgw, wk, kd, du, u/], /];f
cf/f]x M ;f/]u /]ud udk dkw kwlg wlg;f+
cj/f]x M ;f+lgw lgwk wkd kdu du/] u/];f

dfly lbOP h:t} rf/cf]6f, kfFrcf]6f, 5cf]6f :j/ ;d"x agfP/ cf/f]x cj/f]x :j/ cEof;
ug'x{ f];\ . cfjfhcg';f/sf] :s]n jf :j/nfO{ ;f dfg]/ cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof; ug'x{ f];\ . Pp6 Pp6f
:j/df k"/f Zjf; tfg]/ cfjfh;Fu} la:tf/} 5f]8\b} cf/f]x cj/f]xsf] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
cf/f]x cj/f]xdf Pp6f Pp6f z'4 :j/sf] /fd|/L cEof; ul/;s]kl5 b'O{ :j/ / tLg
:j/ ;d"xsf] j|mdzM cnª\sf/ cEof; ug{'xf];\ . :j/ cEof;;DaGwL pknAw >Jo
b[Zo ;fdu|L ;'g]/ / x]/]/ cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
!@=# tfnL / dfbn ahfpg] cEof;
lj|mofsnfk !@=@
xftn] tfnL ahfcf}“ / VofnL tfndf dfbn ahfcf}“
-s_ lrqdf b]vfOPh:t} u/L dfbndf lxsf{O af]n lgsfnf}“ .

!=3L+ @ kmt\ #= tfª\ $= ts

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 117
-v_ tn lbOPh:t} dfqf, af]n / tfnL vfnLsf] k|of]u u/L Psb]lv cf7 uGtL;Dd tfnL
ahfcf}“ / VofnL tfndf dfbn ahfpg] cEof;;d]t u/f}}“ M
dfqf ! @ # $ % ^ & *
tanfsf] af]n wf u] GftL g s lwgf

dfbnsf] af]n l3+ —gftL kmt\ l3+ l3+ tfª

tfnL, vfnL x 0

!@=$ /fli6«o ufg cEof;

lj|mofsnfk !@=#
xftn] tfnL ahfp“b} ;a}n] Ps} ;fy ;d"xdf /fli6«o ufgnfO{ ld7f] :j/n] ufpg]
cEof; u/f}“

o;sf] afsL c+zdf klg oxL :j/lnlk bf]xf]l/g] x'gfn] To;} cg';f/ ufpg] cEof;
ug'{xf];\ .
118 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $
!@=% sIffut uLt cEof;
lj|mofsnfk !@=$
tfnL ahfp“b} sIffut uLt ufp“g] cEof; ug'{xf];\ M
lstfasf kfgf x]/, xfdLeGbf ;fgf
-tL kfgfdf jL/tf /, uf}/jsf ufgf_@
sndsf 6'Kkf cem}F, cf}FnfeGbf ;fgf
-To} 6'Kkfn] 1fgL s'/f, n]V5f}F kfgf kfgf_@
xfdL dfG5] ;fgf ;fgf -kfP ;xL 1fg_@
kf}/vn] p7fpF5f}F, -g]kfnsf] zfg_ @
;a}eGbf zLtn 5fof, -lxdfnsf] 5fof_ @
-hlt a9\5f}F plt a9\5, :jb]zsf] dfof_ @
xfdL /f]K5f}F af]6lap -xfdL wtL{ sf]5f}{+_ @
;a} ldnL g]kfndf, -gofF /ª e5f}{F_ @
k9L n]vL l;k l;Sg], -k}nf] xfd|f] sfd_ @
-h] h] l;S5f}F r9fOlbG5f}F o} b]zsf] gfd_ @

>Jo ;fdu|Lsf] ;xof]udf sIffut uLt tfnL ahfpFb} ufpg] cEof; ug{'xf];\ . lzIfs
;Fu;Fu} sIffut uLt tfnL ahfpFb} ufpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ . ;d"x ;d"xdf sIffut
uLt ufpg] cEof; ug{'xf];\ . PSnfPSn} sIffut uLt ufpg] cEof; ug{'xf];\ .
!@=^ afnuLt cEof;
afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf ufpg] uLt afnuLt xf] . afnuLtx¿ ljleGg
:yfgdf ljleGg dft[efiffdf ufpg] ul/G5 .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 119

 lj|mofsnfk !@=%
tn lbOPsf] afnuLt ;fdfGo nodf ufpg'xf];\ . ufpg'eGbf klxn] tn lbOPsf
:j/nfO{ xfdf]{lgod jf lsaf]8{df ahfpg'xf];\ . ahfp“bf h'g lsl;dsf] no / efsf
lg:sG5 To;} efsfdf ldnfP/ ufpg'xf];\ . ;d"xdf tfnL ahfp“b} tn lbOPsf]
afnuLt ufpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ M
;f ;f ;f /] u k u u
/] ;f /] u /] ;f ;f ;fw=
;f ;f ;f /] u k u u
/] ;f /] u /] ;f ;f ;f
laxfg\ w]/} ;'˜Tg]˜,cN5L afgL 5f]˜8fF}+˜
xftd'v uf]8f wf]O{, Jofofd ug]{ u˜ /f}F˜
of]uL WofgL hgsf]˜,s'/f ;w}F ;'˜gf}F˜
k9L n]vL 7'nf] eO{, 1fgL dfG5] a˜gf}F˜

afaf cfdf ;w}Fel/, xfd|} lrGtf u˜5{g\

cfkm" gvfO{ glgbfO, xfd|} ;kgf b]˜V5g\
/ftlbg gegL˜, xfDnfO 3/d} 5f]˜8L˜
sfd ug}{ k5{ /]˜, dlxgf ugLugL

h'g df6f]df v]˜Nof}F˜,hfxfF kfOnf 6]˜Sof}F

tf]t] af]nL af]˜Nb}, xft ;dfO{ lxF˜8\of}F
oxL wtL{ Kof/f] 5, oxL km'naf˜/L˜
cN5L x}g kf}/vL˜,agf}F ;wF} e˜l/˜
-/rgfM 8f=/d]z kf]v/]]n_

120 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 lj|mofsnfk !@=^
lzIfssf] ;xof]udf cfkm\gf] :yfgdf ufOg] afnuLtx¿ ufp“g'xf];\ .
dflysf] ;/udnfO{ noaå ¿kdf af/af/ xfdf{]lgod jf lsaf]8{df ahfP/
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ . ;/udh:t} afFsL x/kmx¿nfO{ nodf tfnL ahfP/
ufpg] cEof; ug{'xf];\ . ;/ud ufp“bf h'g w'g lg:sG5 ca noa4 ¿kdf tfnL
ahfp“b} ToxL w'gdf dflysf]] uLt ufpg'xf];\ . afnuLtsf] w'g ahfp“bf klxn] cEof;
ug{'xf];\ .

lj|mofsnfk !@=&
uLt / tfn;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk

!= sIffdf lzIfsn] afnuLt ufp“bf Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'xf];\ .

@= PSnf PSn} / ;d"xdf afnuLt cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
#= afnuLtsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ / efj a'em]/ To;sf] efj / dd{cg';f/ ufpg]
cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
$= xfdf]l{ god jf lsaf]8d{ f dfly afnuLtdf k|of]u x'g] :j/x¿;d]t lzIfssf] dbtn]
ahfpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
%= cfk"mn] ufPsf] :j/ ;'/df ldn]sf] 5 ls 5}g xfdf]{lgod jf lsaf]8{sf] ;'/ jf
kbf{ lyr]/ r]s ug'{xf];\ .
^= cfk"mn] ufpg] uLtdf aHg] tfn lzIfssf] ;xof]udf dfbndf ahfpg] sf]l;;
ug'{xf];\ .
&= dfbn pknAw geP xftdf tfnL lbP/ ufpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
*= cfkm\gf]] kl/j]zcg'sn" sf afhfx¿ uLtsf] efsfcg';f/ ahfpg] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 121

!^=& dft[efiffdf ufog cEof;
xfd|f] b]zdf y/L y/Lsf cfkm\g} dft[efiff af]Ng] w]/} dflg; cnu cnu :yfgdf a;f]af; u5{g\ . xfd|f]
;d'bfodf klg y/Ly/Lsf dft[efiff 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnsf] k"jL{ t/fO{df d}lynL efiff
af]lnG5 . d}lynL efiffdf cfwfl/t Pp6f uLt ;a} ldn]/ ufcf}F . o;/Lg} ;a}n]
cfk\mgf cfk\mgf ;d'bfosf dft[efiffsf lut ;ª\sng u/L sIffsf]7fdf ufcf}F .
-oxL 7}ofF l6s'nL x]/fOu}n] b}of u]_ #
;f;'hL ;] k'5nL+ ggbhL ;] k'5nL+
b]j/hL ;] k'5s] nhfO u]n] b}of u]
3/jf d]+ vf]hnL= cFugjf d]+ vf]hnL+
ghfg] a8]]gL ;] a8fO u]n] b}of u] .
;f;f /]d¤ uu ;f/]¤ lgÞlgÞ;f/] ;f¤;f ;f— ¤
oxL 7}ofF¤ l6s' nLx] ¤ /f˜ u}n¤] b}of u]˜¤
ww ww¤ kw dlgÞ¤ lgÞÞw kd¤ dkkd u/];f;f¤
oxL 7}ofF¤ l6s' nLx¤ /f˜ u}n¤] b}˜of˜u]˜˜˜¤
dd kw¤ kk kw¤ dd kw k¤k k—£
;f;" HfL;]¤ k'5 nL+g¤ gb hL;] k¤'5 nL+˜¥
k;f+ ;f+;f+¤ lgÞw kd¤ kw dd¤ dkkd u/];f;f¦
b]j/\ hL;]¤ k'5 s]n ¤ hf˜ u}n¤] b}˜of˜ u]˜˜˜¤

:j/lnlkdf ;lhnf];Fu ufpgsf nflu o;sf lel8of] vf]h]/ ;'Gg'xf];\ . xfdL ;a}n]
cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf k|rlnt uLt ufpg] afgL a;fNg'k5{ . o;f] u¥of}F eg]
xfd|f] b]zdf k|rlnt ;a} hfthflt / efiffefifLsf uLt ;ª\uLtk|lt xfd|f] >åfefj /
:fDdfg x'G5 .

122 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 lj|mofsnfk !@=*
lzIfssf] ;xof]udf cfcfkm\gf] :yfgLo:t/df ufOg] :yfgLo uLt ufpg] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ .

!@=* :yfgLo afhf

:yfgLo nf]suLtdf aHg] afhfx¿nfO{ :yfgLo afhf elgG5 . 7fpF, hflt, ;+:s[ltcg';f/
:yfgLo afhfx¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . s'g} 7fpFdf ;gfO, s'g} 7fpFdf em/f{ t
s'g} 7fpFdf bdfxf, 9f]ns cflb ahfOG5 . oL afhfx¿ g} :yfgLo afhfx¿ x'g\ .
lj|mofsnfk !@=(
-s_ tnsf] lrq cjnf]sg u/L kGr}afhfsf] gfd klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
-em\ofnL g/l;ª\uf, 6\ofDsf]], ;gO{, bdfxf_

-v_ tn lbOPsf nf]safhfsf] lrqx cjnf]sg u/L nf]safhfsf] gfd klxrfg u/f}“ M
-nf]safhfx¿ M em/f{, d'/nL, ;f/ª\uL, 8Dk'm, dfbn, dGb|f / 9f]ns_

lj|mofsnfk !@=!)
tkfO{“ a;f]af; ug]{ :yfgdf s'g s'g afhfx¿ ahfOG5 . cleefjs;“u
;f]wvf]h u/L :yfgLo afhfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 123
cEof;
!= vfnL 7fp“df pko'St zAb 5fgL jfSo k"/f ug'{xf];\ M
cf/f]x, :yfgLo, cnª\sf/, jfbg, ;ft, ljs[t, afx|, rf/
-s_ ;ª\uLtcGtu{t ufog, ========= / g[To k5{g\ .
-v_ ;ª\uLtdf ===========cf]6f z'4 :j/ x'G5g\ .
-u_ ;f :Jf/af6 dflylt/ hfg] j|mdnfO{ =============elgG5 .
-3_ sf]dn / tLj| :j/nfO{ ;ª\uLtdf======:j/ elgG5 .
-ª_ Ps ;Ktsdf hDdf ====cf]6f z'4 ljs[t :j/ x'G5g\ .
-r_ Ps :fKtsdf hDdf ===cf]6f sf]dn :j/ x'G5g .
-5_ ;ª\uLtdf Ps eGbf a9L :j/ ;d"x agfO{ cf/f]x cj/f]x j|mddf :j/
cEof; ug'{nfO{ ========cEof; elgG5 .
-h_ s'g} 7fpF ljz]ifdf a;f]af; ug]{ hflt jf ;d'bfosf] cfkm\g} efiffdf cfwfl/t
uLtnfO{ ======================= uLt elgG5 .
@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ :j/ cEof; lsg ul/G5 <
-v_ :j/ cEof;df cf/f]x cj/f]x eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-u_ afnuLt eg]sf] s] xf] < of] lsg dxŒjk"0f{ 5 <
-3_ dft[efiffsf] uLt lsg ufpg'k5{ <
-ª_ Ps ;Ktsdf x'g] z'4 :j/x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-r_ VofnL tfndf slt dfqf x'G5g\ < tL dfqfsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
-5_ VofnL tfndf dfbn s;/L ahfOG5 <

124 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 -h_ s'g} kfFr :yfgLo nf]s afhfsf gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
-em_ tkfO{F a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpFdf ahfOg] s'g} Ps :yfgLo afhfsf] lrq
ahfpg'xf];\ .
-`_ xftdf tfnL lbg] cEof; lsg ug'{k5{ <
-6_ :yfgLo afhfsf] dxŒj n]Vg'xf];\ .
-7_ sIffut uLt, /fli6«o ufg, :yfgLo uLt / afnuLtnfO{ noa4 ¿kdf
ufpg'sf sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
-s_ sIffut uLtnfO{ noa4 ¿kdf ufO{ jf /]s8{ u/]/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
-v_ s'g} Pp6f afnuLt Pp6f :yfgLo uLtnfO{ noa4 ¿kdf ufpg'xf];\ .
-u_ tkfO{F a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpFdf ufOg] s'g} Pp6f :yfgLo nf]suLt jf :yfgLo uLt
cleefjssf] ;xof]udf n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf noa4 ¿dkf ufpg'xf];\ .
-3_ tkfO{F a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpFdf ahfOg] s'g} kfFrcf]6f :yfgLo nf]safhfx¿sf] ;"rL
agfpg'xf];\ . tL afhfx¿sf] lrq agfpg'xf];\ / s;/L ahfOG5 < sIffdf
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ . ;Dej eP sIffdf s'g} Ps afhf NofO{ ahfpg] cEof;
ug'x{ f];\ .
ZfAbfy{
cf/f]x M :j/x¿sf] dflylt/ hfg] j|md
cj/f]x M :j/x¿sf] dflyaf6 tnlt/ emg]{ jf cf]ln{g] j|md
cnª\sf/ M ljleGg :j/ ;d"x h:fsf] cf/f]x cj/f]x cEof;n] s'g} klg uLt
ld7f] ufpg dbt u5{ .
:s]n M cfkm"n] ufpg] uLtsf] d'Vo :j/

:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 125

:yfoL M uLtsf] ;'?sf] efu, UfLtsf] klxnf] r/0f jf kª\lSt, klxnf] cg'R5]b
cGt/f M UfLtsf] bf];|f] efu jf kª\lSt bf];|f] cg'R5]b
:yfgLo uLtM h'g ufpF jf 7fpFdf xfdL a:5fF}+ ToxL 7fpFsf] k|rlnt efiffsf] uLt
afnuLt M afnaflnsfn] ufpg ;Sg] vfnsf] ;/n efiffsf] ;Gb]zd"ns uLt
kf}/vL M s]xL u/f}F eGg] efjgf ePsf] ldlxg]tL / kl/>dL :jefj
Kfmfu'uLt M sf7df8fF} pkTosfsfdf k|rlnt g]jf/L efiffsf] kmfNu'0f dlxgfdf
ufOg] xf]nL uLt
>4fefj M s;}k|lt ul/g] ;Ddfg tyf cfb/
>Job[Zo M Ps}rf]6L ;'Gg / x]g{ ;lsg]

126 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 PsfO

!#
Gf[To / clego
(Dance and Acting)

xfdLnfO{ xfd|f xftsf cfF}+nfn] km"n, gbL, kG5L, k'tNfL p8]sf] b]vfpg c;fWo}
dg k5{ . uLtsf] efjcg';f/ ;ª\uLtsf] no / tfndf ul/g] z/L/sf ljleGg
cª\ u sf] ;~rfngnfO{ xfdL g[ T o eG5fF } + . z/L/sf xft, v' 6 \ 6 f, sDd/,
zL/ cflb rnfP/ xfdL g[To ug]{ u5f}{F . g[TonfO{ gfr klg elgG5 . xfd|f]
jl/kl/ hfqf, d]nf, kj{ jf s'g} pT;jdf dflg;x¿ gfr]sf t xfdLn] kSs} klg b]v]sf
5f}+F . /fd|f] uLt st} aHof] eg] xfdLnfO{ gfRg dg nfU5 . xfdL ;w}Fel/ yfx} gkfO{
xft rnfP/ jf cfFvfaf6 w]/} s'/fsf] ;ª\s]t ul//x]sf x'G5f}+F . To;}n] g[To eg]
sf] uLtsf] nodf z/L/sf cª\u ;~rfng u/L To;sf] efjnfO{ c? ;dIf k|:t't
ug]{ snf xf] . g[Todf uLtsf] efjcg'';f/sf] z[ª\uf/ ul/G5 . ;fy} ;f]xLcg';f/sf
j:q / u/uxgf;d]t nufOG5 . o;nfO{ clegosf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 . /fd|f] g[To ug{ /
clego ug{ lgoldt cEof; klg ug{'k5{ . g[To / clegosf] lgoldt cEof;n] xfd|f]
z/L/sf] /fd|f] Jofofd eO{ xfdLnfO{ lg/f]uL / k'mlt{nf] x'g dbt u5{ .
!#=! sIffut UfLtdf g[To cEof;
sIffsf ;a} hgf km/s km/s 7fpFdf Psn] csf{nfO{ g5f]Osg pleg'xf];\ . klxn]
alh/x]sf] sIffut uLt Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'xf];\ . sIffut UfLtdf ah]sf] tfnsf] nosf
cfwf/df slt dfqfsf] tfn xf], cf}+Fnfdf uGtL ug'{xf];\ / To;nfO{ lzIfssf] dbtn]
/fd|/L alh/x]sf] uLtdf xftn] tfnL lbg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
lstfasf kfgf x]/, xfdL eGbf ;fgf
-tL kfgfdf jL/tf /, uf}/jsf ufgf_ @
sndsf 6'Kkf cem}F, cf}FnfeGbf ;fgf
-To} 6'Kkfn] 1fgL s'/f, n]V5f}F kfgf kfgf_ @
xfdL dfG5] ;fgf ;fgf -kfP ;xL 1fg_ @
kf}/vn] p7fpF5f}F, -g]kfnsf] ;fg_ @
;a}eGbf zLtn 5fof, -lxdfnsf] 5fof_ @
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 127
-hlt a9\5f}F plt a9\5, :jb]zsf] dfof_ @
xfdL /f]K5f}+F af]6lap -xfdL wtL{ sf]5f}{F_ @
;a} ldnL g]kfndf, -dfof /ª e5f}{F_ @
k9L n]vL l;k l;Sg], -k}nf] xfd|f] sfd_ @
-h] h] l;S5f}+F r9fOlbG5f}F o} b]zsf] gfd_ @
lj|mofsnfk !#=!
g[To cEof; u/f}“
plePs} cj:yfdf b'O{ xft sDd/df /fvL sDd/ xNnfpFb} cfkm\gf v'6\6fnfO{
-bfofF—Ps, afofF—b'O{, bfofF—tLg_ u/L b'O{ k6s e'OFdf rnfpg'xf];\ . h:faf6 5
dfqfsf] tfndf v'6\6f ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . To;} u/L -afofF—Ps,bfofF—
b'O{, afofF—tLg, bfofF—rf/_ u/L b'O{ k6s e'OFdf rnfpg'xf];\ . h:faf6 cf7
dfqfsf] tfndf v'6\6f ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . ca xft / v'6\6fnfO{ v'nf
/fVg'xf];\ . klxn] v'6\6f To;kl5 xft / sDd/ rnfP/ g[To cEof; ug{'xf];\ . ca
alh/x]sf] sIffut uLtdf zAbsf] efjcg'';f/ no / tfndf gfRg'xf];\ .
!#=@ :yfgLo uLt, dft[efiffsf] uLt / afnuLtdf g[To cEof;
lj|mofsnfk !#=@
g[To k"j{sf] cEof;
v'6\6f jf uf]8fsf k}tfnfsf] s's'{Rrf / cufl8sf kGhf klg j|mdzM kfn}kfnf]
rnfpg'xf];\ . lz/df xft /fvL uf]8fsf] s's'{Rrfn] PskN6 bfofF / j|mdzM Ps
k6s afofFlt/ em's]/ e'O{Fdf xfGg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ . lz/dfly xftn] k"mn agfO{
uf]8f pkmfb}{ cufl8 / k5fl8 ub{} GffRg'xf];\ .
o;} u/L b'O{ xftsf xTs]nfnfO{ cfkm}Flt/ kmsf{pg'xf];\ . ca b'j} xftsf a'9L cfF}+nfnfO{
Pscfk;df hf]8\g'xf];\ / cª\s';] agfO{ xftsf kGhfnfO{ rnfpFb} r/fsf] cfs[lt
agfpg'xf];\ . r/fsf] cfs[lt alg;s]kl5 xft km}nfpFb} bfofF / afofF nojå tl/sfn]
v'6\6f rnfpg] cEof; ug'{xf];\ .

128 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

 lj|mofsnfk !#=#
g[To cEof;
cfkm"n] sIffdf ufpg l;s]sf] laxfg w]/} ;'Tg] cN5L afgL 5f]8f}F ====afnuLtdf
efjcg';f/ g[To cEof; ug'{xf];\ .
lj|mofsnfk !#=$
:yfgLo jf dft[efiffsf] uLtdf g[To cEof;
cfkm\gf] 7fpFsf] :yfgLo uLt tyf dft[efiffsf] uLtdf lj|mofsnfk !#=@ / !#=#
sf] g[To ug]{ cEof;sf cfwf/df efj;lxt g[To k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .
!#=# clego (Acting)
g[Tosf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ kIf clego xf] . ha xfdL ;ª\uLtsf] no / tfnsf] lgoddf
uLtsf] efjnfO{ lnP/ clego u5fF{} Tof] g[To x'g hfG5 . clegodf ;ª\uLtsf] no /
tfnsf] s7f]/ lgodnfO{ Tolt kfngf ul/F+b}g . o;df cfkm\gf] efjsf] k|:t'ltsf nflu
:jtGq ¿kn] z/L/sf ljleGg cª\u :f~rfng ul/G5 . ha s'g} ljifoj:t' jf syfsf]
efjdf 8'a]/ efjsf] k|:t'lt ul/G5 To; sfo{nfO{ clego elgG5 .
xfdLn] gf6s, rnlrq, o'6\o'a / l6eLdf ljleGg 6]lnrnlrqdf ul/Psf] clego
x]/]sf 5f}F . s;}n] lx/f], lx/f]Og, /fIf;sf] clego u/]sf x'G5g\ eg] s;}n] xF;fpg]
xf:o snfsf/sf] clego u/]sf x'G5g\ . sltn] t cGo e'ldsfdf syfn] dfu]cg'';f/
sf rl/qsf] gSsn ug]{ sf]l;; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . wfld{s syfdf t sltn] /fd, :fLtf,
s[i0f, /fwf, /fj0f, b]jL, a'4, cflbsf] rl/qsf] gSsn ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . oL ;a} gSsn
ug]{ sfo{ clego leq} k5{g\ . xfd|f] jl/kl/ 3l6/x]sf ljleGg /fd|f g/fd|f 36\gf;Fu
;DalGwt ljifoj:t' / ltgsf kfqsf] efjnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} gSsn u/L k|:t't
ug]{ snfnfO{ clego dflgG5 . clegodf ljifoj:t'cg';f/sf j]ze"iff / z[ª\uf/df
;lhP/ z/L/sf cª\ux¿ rnfO, xfpefp;lxt af]n]/ gSsn ug]{ ul/G5 . clegonfO{
g[Tosf] Pp6f cª\usf] ¿kdf klg lnOG5 .
lj|mofsnfk !#=%
clgeo u/f}“ M
tnsf ljifoj:t'x¿df clego ug'{xf];\ M
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 129
-s_ 3/df Hj/f] cfP/ ;'lt/x]sf la/fdL a'af, vf]sL nflu/x]sL cfdf, Zjf;
km]g{ ufx|f] ePsL alxgL, 3/df PSn} /f]O/x]sf] efO, l5d]sLn] af]nfP/ NofPsf]
8fS6/sf] clego tyf ;+jfb .
-v_ Hj/f] cfPsf] / Hj/f]sf] /f]syfd u/]sf] clego, vf]Sbf jf xf5\o' ubf{ gfs, d'v
l6:o'k]k/, ?dfn, s'lxgfn] s;/L 5f]Kg], df:ssf] k|of]u, k|of]u u/]sf] j:t'sf]
Joj:yfkg ug]{ tl/sfsf] clego, xft w'g], :oflg6fOh/, l86f]n jf ;fa'gsf]
k|of]u ug]{ clego, sf]/f]gfaf6 hf]lug] pkfox¿sf] k|rf/ / c¿nfO{ ;Nnfx,
xft ldnfpg'sf] ;6\6f gd:sf/ ug]{ afgL, sf]/f]gf ePsf] JolStnfO{ pko'St
7fpFdf /fVg], aflx/ b]z ljb]zaf6 cfpg]nfO{ cnUu} /fVg];DaGwL ;a} lsl;dsf
rl/qdf clego ug]{ cflb .
!#=$ ;d"xdf ;+jfb;lxt clegosf] cEof;
tkfO{Fx¿ Kf|foM 3/df l6eL, sDKo'6/, df]afOn, o'6\o'a cflb x]g'{ePsf] xf]nf . ljleGg
rfv nfUbf wfld{s jf afnsyfdf cfwfl/t sf6'g{ , 6]lnrnlrq, ljleGg xf:oJoª\Uo
x]l//xF' h:tf] nfU5 xf]nf . a'af, cfdf:fFu slxn]sfxLF l;g]df xndf rnlrq;d]t
x]g{ hfg'ePsf] 5 xf]nf < oL ;a} x]g{ xfdL lsg cfslif{t x'G5f}+F < lsg x]¿F x]¿F nfU5,
yfxf 5 < kSs} klg ToxfF b]vfOPsf snfsf/n] /fd|f] / jf:tljs h:t} clego u/]sf
x'G5g\ . xfd|f] ;dfhdf a:g] ;a} dflg;x¿sf cfkmF}leq 36]sf cfkm\g} 36gf, cg'ej,
ef]ufO, ;'v, b'Mv, kL8f, dfof, k|]d cflb x'G5g\ . ltg} 36gf sxfgL jf ljifoj:t'df
cfwfl/t eO{ clegodfkm{t\ c¿nfO{ cjut u/fpg ;lsG5 . tL 36gf jf ljifoj:t'
wfld{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, cfly{s jf cGo s'g} klg :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;Gb]zd"ns
jf r]tgfd"ns cflb h'g;'s} x'g ;S5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk !#=^
;d"xdf /fvL s'g} 36gf, ljifo, syfdf cfwfl/t, ljleGg kz'kIfL, r/fr'?ª\uLx¿sf
cfjfh gSsn u/L sIffdf clego k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .
s;}sf] cfjfh, ;+jfb, af]nL Jojxf/, rfnrng cflbsf] gSsn x'ax' u/L sIffdf
k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .

130 :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $

cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf] vfnL 7fp“df pko'St zAb eg'{xf];\ M
-d'b|f, g[To, clego_
-s_ clego =================================sf] Ps cª\u xf] .
-v_ ;ª\uLtsf] no / tfndf uLtsf] efjcg';f/ z/L/sf cª\u ;~rfng
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ===================== elgG5 .
-u_ s''g} JolStsf] xfpefpnfO{ gSsn ug{' =================================xf] .
-3_ g[Todf xft / cfF}+nfaf6 ljleGg ========================== jf cfs[lt agfP/
cfkm\gf] efj k|s6 ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 .
@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ g[To eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ g[Tosf kmfObf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ clego eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-3_ g[To / clegodf s] km/s 5 <
-ª_ clego ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <
-r_ clegodf ;ª\uLtsf] no / tfnsf] lgodnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy kfngf
ug'{k5{ ls kb}{g, lsg <
-5_ s:tf] lsl;dsf] g[TonfO{ :yfgLo g[To elgG5 <
-h_ :yfgLo nf]s g[To ubf{ s'g s'g s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{ <
-em_ æg[To tyf clegon] dflg;nfO{ :j:Yo / km"lt{nf] agfpg ;xof]u u5{ .Æ
o; egfO{nfO{ ts{;lxt k'li6 ug'{xf];\ .
zAbfy{
j]ze"iff M clego / g[Todf ljifoj:t'cg';f/ nufOg] df}lnstf emNsg] kf];fs
>[ª\uf/ M g[To tyf clegosf] rl/q efjcg';f/sf] z/L/ Pjd\ cg'xf/sf] ;hfj6
s's'{Rrf M v'6\6fsf] k}tfnfsf] k5fl8sf] 6]Sg] efu
xfpefp M cfk"mn] af]n]sf s'/fnfO{ z/L/sf cª\ux¿;d]tsf] O;f/faf6 ;Fu;Fu}
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf efj JoSt ug]{ tl/sf
:jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds snf, sIff $ 131