pysc ho lo gic al
ec tiv e o f s elf
persp
01 Elucidate the two dominant ideas in
psychology on the Self: as a cognitive
construct and as proactive and agentic.
Objectives 02 Distinguish between real and ideal self
manifestations and identify areas of
discrepancies of these two within yourself;
Develop action steps involving the core
03 features of human agency on areas in your
life where proactive and agentic ability is
necessary.
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Psychology - is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Includes the study of conscious and unconscious
phenomena, including feelings and thoughts.
Personality - is a defining
and more enduring
construct of a person
(quality and characteristic
of a person)
Attitude - is a position or
emotion towards reality or
a condition of the current
time (Balotol et al., 2018)
1. Sigmund Freud - the importance of unconscious
"Id"
- the first part of the self to develop
- the seat of all our desires and wants
- "it wants what it wants"
- the pleasure principle
- doesn't care about morals and societal norms
" Ego"
- part of the self that functions in reality
- regulates how many of Id's urges will be
expressed
- able to discern what is right or wrong
- the reality principle
"Super Ego"
- strives for perfection (judge or referree)
- morally and socially acceptable standards
2. William James - Concept of Slef
"I" "Me"
the experience of
self ; consist of
acts, feels, and material, social,
believes (pure ego) and spiritual slef
Material self - anything that
belongs to us and others
(people, places) where we
belong.
Social self - best observed in how
we act in a given social situation
(You may have responded
differently, depending on whom
you interact with at the
moment).
The spiritual self - the most
intimate and enduring part of
who we are (values, conscience,
inner-self).
Real Self vs. Ideal Self
The real self, which Carl Rogers calls self-concept, comprises all
facets of your being, including the experiences you are fully
conscious of (Feist & Feist, 2008)
The ideal self is who you wish you are, which is brought about
by your interaction with others. Are traits that you do not
possess, but you aspire to have.
Note:
Self-concept is how you see yourself just as you
are. For example, you see yourself as a pet lover, a
fast talker, friendly, or intelligent
"A wide gap between the ideal and real self is
indicative of incongruence, which can cause mental
health issues."
cognitive dissonance - an extreme feeling of discomfort
arising from contradicting thoughts, beliefs, or actions.
Some signs you may be experiencing
cognitive dissonance may include:
discomfort before making a decision
feelings of guilt over past decisions
shame or embarrassment regarding a decision and hiding said
decisions from others as a result
justification or rationalization of behavior
doing something out of social pressure, not true interest
4. Donald Winnicot
True Self Vs. False Self
The self is composed of
the true self and the
false self. According to
Winnicot the function
of the false self is to
hide and protect the
true self.
5. Albert Bandura
Proactive and Agentic
Every person is capable of exercising control over
one’s own life (Bandura, 2001)
You are capable of achieving your desired outcomes.
Core features of human agency:
intentionality - committing
proactively to the course of action
you wish to undertake.
forethought - anticipate possible
consequences and create action steps
to achieve your desired outcomes.
self-reactiveness - regulating and
evaluating how you executed your
plans.
self-reflectiveness - examining your
own functioning
What is the significance of studying
the Pyschological Perspective of self?
Happiness
Less inner conflict
Better decision-making
Self-control
Resistance to social pressure
Understanding of other people
Vitality and pleasure
