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Lecture 7 - 1 Mat Foundation

The document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow foundations like spread footings, and deep foundations like piles. It focuses on mat foundations, also called raft foundations, which are flat concrete slabs that carry loads from columns or walls. Mat foundations are suitable when over 50% of the foundation area is covered by footings or the soil has low bearing capacity. The document outlines methods for designing mat foundations, including determining bearing capacity, settlement, stress distribution, and using a conventional rigid method approach. Finite element analysis can also be used. Design requires information like site plans, loads, soils, and allowable distortion.

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Nadia Alentajan Abduka II
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84 views39 pages

Lecture 7 - 1 Mat Foundation

The document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow foundations like spread footings, and deep foundations like piles. It focuses on mat foundations, also called raft foundations, which are flat concrete slabs that carry loads from columns or walls. Mat foundations are suitable when over 50% of the foundation area is covered by footings or the soil has low bearing capacity. The document outlines methods for designing mat foundations, including determining bearing capacity, settlement, stress distribution, and using a conventional rigid method approach. Finite element analysis can also be used. Design requires information like site plans, loads, soils, and allowable distortion.

Uploaded by

Nadia Alentajan Abduka II
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Foundations

❖Shallow Foundations versus Deep Foundations

Foundations

Shallow Deep
Foundations Foundations

Spread Mat Driven Drilled Auger Cast


Footings Foundations Piles Shafts Piles

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Mat/Raft Foundation?
❖A foundation system in which essentially the entire
building is placed on a large continuous footing.
❖Usually large concrete slab supporting many columns.
❖Commonly used as foundation for silos, chimneys, large
machinery.
❖It is a flat concrete slab, heavily reinforced with steel,
which carries the downward loads of the individual
columns or walls.
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Mat Foundation often considered to be used
when dealing with the following conditions:

❖The spread footings cover over 50% of the foundation


area because of large column loads.

❖The soil is soft with a low bearing capacity.

❖Hydrostatic uplift resistance is needed etc.

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Mat/raft foundation
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Types of Mat Foundations

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To Design Mat Foundation:
1. Determine the capacity of the foundation
2. Determine the settlement of foundation
3. Determine the differential settlement
4. Determine the stress distribution beneath the
foundation
5. Design the structural component of the mat
foundation using the stress distribution obtain from 4.

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Bearing capacity of the Foundation
▪ Bearing Capacity Analysis follows the same approach as
for spread footings

▪ Factor of Safety (Das, 2011):


For clay Under normal Dead loads = 3.0(Min)
Under extreme loads = 1.75-2.0(Min)

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METHODS OF DESIGNING MAT
FOUNDATIONS

1) Conventional Rigid Method


Consider the mat far more rigid than the
surrounding soils, so flexure of the mat does
not affect distribution of bearing pressure.

2) Non-rigid Method (approximate


flexible)
Considers the flexibility of the mat relative
to the soil.

3) Finite difference & finite element


Method
CONVENTIONAL RIGID METHOD
 The conventional rigid method of mat foundation design can be explained
step by step with reference to Figure below.
Step 1 & Step 2

1. Calculate total column load (Q):


Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + .........

2. Determine the pressure on the soil (q), below the mat at points A, B, C,
D, ……, by using the equation:
Q M yx Mx y
q=  
A Iy Ix

A = BL M x = Qey M y = Qex

1 L B
I x =   BL3 e y = Y '− ex = X '−
 12  2 2
 1  Q1 y'1 +Q2 y'2 +Q3 y'3 +.... Q1 x'1 +Q2 x'2 +Q3 x'3 +....
I y =   LB 3 Y'= X '=
 12  Q Q
Step 3

3. Compare the values of the soil pressures determined in


Step 2 with the net allowable soil pressure to
determine:
q  qall (net )
Worked Example

The plan of a mat


foundation is
shown. Calculate the
soil pressure at
points A, B, C, D, E,
and F. All columns
sections are planned
to be 0.5 m X 0.5 m.

Hint:
Q M yx Mx y
q=  
A Iy Ix

q  qnet(all )
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For satisfactory design and construction of a raft
foundation, the following information is necessary:
❖Site Plan
❖Loading Conditions
❖Environmental Factors
❖Geotechnical Information
❖Limiting Value of Angular distortion and differential settlement
❖Rigidity of foundation and Super structure

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METHODS OF ANALYSIS
 Rigidity of Superstructure And Foundation
Modulus of Elasticity of Material used in
Structure Moment of inertia of
structure per unit length
E I b
Kr = at right angles to B
Es B 3
Width of raft
Modulus of Elasticity of Soil

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