Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
The Role of Education in
Social Transformation

Quarter 2
Module 2
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Examine the functions and importance of education in the society.
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATIONS

You will examine the functions and importance of education in society.

Specifically, this module will help you to
 explain the functions of education in society;
 explain the sociological foundations of education;
 identify the different theories of education;
 analyze how education affects the lives of the people in society; and
 appreciate the importance of education as a human right.

Let us start your journey in learning more about the Role of

Education in Social Transformation I am sure you are
ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letters of the best answers and write them on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. This theory centers on universal education that is needed by society to

exist.
a. Functionalist Theory c. Conflict Theory
b. Constructivist Theory d. Minimalist Theory

2. The following describe the different ways to acquire academic knowledge

and skills. Which of these involves a formal setting brought about by the
transformation in education?
a. Non-formal Education c. Verbal Education
b. Formal Education d. Traditional Education
 3. Which of the following is NOT a theory of education?
a. Functionalist Theory c. Conflict Theory
b. Evolution Theory d. Symbolic-Interactionist Theory

4. Joshua thinks that this is the only place where he can acquire and master
education in any form, either in a formal or non-formal setting. What
institution is it?
a. Economic Institution c. Social Institution
b. Educational Institution d. Religious Institution

5. Which of the following statements does not conform with the roles of
education in society?
a. Education can change the view of people in society.
b. No educational system can exist without looking at the presence of
society.
c. Society cannot attain its goals without the vibrant entry of an
educational system.
d. Education is the striking force that enables the learners to become
valuable members of society.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Know Your Faith!

To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to accomplish
this task. You may answer the illustration:

Direction: Using the Basic Radial Diagram, give the four major religions of the
world.
 ____

____ MAJOR
RELIGIONS ____

____

Show your understanding of the basic concepts of the major religions of the world
by answering the following:

1. What made Judaism a monotheistic religion? Explain your answer briefly.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the basic teachings of Islam? Enumerate them.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is Hinduism considered the oldest religion? Support your answer with
facts.
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you consider Christianity as a monotheistic religion? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
When we are born in society, we develop our personality within it. Personality is
useless if the value of independence is apart from social environment. An individual
will learn less by himself/herself but the society where he/she is in contributes
significantly to his/her development. An individual learns basic things through
his/her social contact; therefore, for education to exist the presence of other people
is important. Thus, education and society are interdependent on each other. No
educational system can exist without looking at the presence of society. Society
cannot attain its goals without the vibrant entry of the education system.
Education is the striking force that enables the learners to be valuable members of
society.
This lesson will emphasize the educational structure and educational system to
give a clearer picture of the different sociological theories, foundations, and
approaches of education to enable you to better understand and address the
staging problems of our educational institutions and initiate structural changes in
the system.

DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
The Educational Institution
1
Education Defined

Universal is the recognition that societies give to education. A Japanese proverb

sums up the values of lifelong learning in the quote “To teach is to learn” while the
Chinese say, “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”
Academicians do not tire of talking about its benefits. Christa McAuliffe tells of the
unending influence of learning paving the way for the betterment of everyone when
she says “I touch the future. I teach.” Alexander Pope mouths a philosophy shared
by many, “ ‘Tis education forms the common mind, just as the twig is bent, the
tree’s inclined.”

Here are the views and perspectives on education according to different authorities:
 Aristotle. He perceived education as a system where man exercises his
faculties to be a significant member of society.
 Socrates. He mentioned that the role of education is to help an individual
improve his lot in life as an ultimate virtue.
 John Dewey (1978). He believed that education can be acquired through
experiences and actual observation.
 H.H. Horne. He recognized that education, in the broadest sense, is the
means by which a social group continues its existence, renew itself, and
defend its ideas.
 Jean Piaget (1936). He viewed education as knowledge that can be acquired
through the interaction of the faculties and environmental experiences of an
individual.
 Kohnstamm and Gunning (1995). They held that education is the formation
of conscience; thus, education is a process of self-formation and self-
determination ethically.
Sociological Foundations of Education

Sociology and education are branches of knowledge concerned primarily with

human values, norms, and life. Education and sociology are interrelated and
interdependent specialized fields. Societies have their own methods and means of
responding to the various needs of their members; likewise, education as a process
remains as an effective means of meeting these needs because education does not
only bridge the past cultural heritage but also serves as a pathway in the
reconstruction of our ways of living. It develops new social configurations in the
field of health system, profession, and family life brought about by the development
in the educational system.

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), a French educational sociologist, clearly explained

that there is a need to define the role of education to understand the sociological
approaches in studying the theory of education and consider the social character,
its origins and functions to relate sociology to other sciences (Shankarrao, 2006).

Education and sociology can be understood by analyzing their relationships

through the following points.
Sociology is the science of society while education socializes the norms,
values, and skills of the learners.
Sociology conceptualizes the organization and functions of social system,
while education acts the way the social system functions.
The main importance of sociology is it helps in the socialization of children
while education is the way of achieving the purpose of sociology.
Education is the working place and immersion place of sociology.
Sociology endeavors to determine the purposes achieved by the educational
system while education implements the philosophies of sociology to ensure
its effectiveness.
In recent times, sociology produces the database which is needed by the
educational system to attain the purpose of socialization.
Sociology creates the theories and principles which are accepted by the
educational system for its enhancement.
Education maintains the social and cultural traditions which are preserved
by sociology.
Society is the main factor in defining the educational configurations in order
that its sociocultural requirements may be fulfilled and attained.

Education as a Social System

The School System equips learners with lifelong skills, knowledge, and expertise
providing them with resources, building, and personnel in order to function.
According to Jacob Getzels (1912-2001), the social system model stresses the
method of making society with its culture, values, socioeconomics, and political
system consider the needs of the individuals. The educational system plays a vital
role in child care program and the pursuit of quality education. The school
performs many roles and engages in different undertakings while in the process of
interacting with each individual and delivering learning in the educational
institution.
Willard Waller (1899-1945) said that the educational system functions as a whole
if each part is dependent on each other. He regarded education to be a social
system based on the following reasons:
o In education, the personnel work toward the attainment of educational
goals.
o Education has a bureaucratic process resulting in social interaction within
the institution.
o Education helps bring about strong social relationship and a feeling of
belongingness where the school world is a social world among social
individuals.
o Education keeps its own culture, tradition, and way of doing things.
o Education is the repository of folkways and traditions of social organizations.

Sociological Theories of Education

Sociologists and educators have laid down the foundation of the function of
education from different views and perspectives. These are the functionalist theory,
the conflict theory, and the symbolic-interactionist theory.

1. The Functionalist Theory. This theory centers on the universal education

that is needed by society to exist. According to the functionalists’ point of
view, education is the fountain of basic knowledge and skills for the next
generation to come. It points out the role of education in the transmission
of values and social mechanism. Functionalists argue that the school is
taking some of the tasks that are usually assumed by the family. Durkheim
(1857-1917), the father of functionalist theory, recognized the significant
part of education in taking the lead in teaching the citizenry. He added that
education unites people with different backgrounds and perspectives to
build a social structure. The functionalists view the merit system as the
foundation of institutions like schools to see the learners’ potential to
accelerate to higher institutions if they are given standardized examinations
through sorting and separating (the basis of the merit system is the
learners ability). Sociologists like Talcott Parsons, Kingsley Davis, and
Wilbert Moore are proponents of social placement where the merit system is
recognized in education.

2. The Conflict Theory. This sees the main role of education in preserving
social inequality and maintaining the influence of those who control society.
Karl Heinrich Marx 1818-1883), a German philosopher, sociologist,
historian, political economist and theorist, is the father of Conflict Theory.
This theory explains that education upholds social control through different
strategies such as indoctrination and formal or informal sanctions. By way
of social control, learners are trained to accept restricted behavior. However,
this theory maintains inequality in the work spaces where schools socialize
the lower class members of society to accept their position as it is without
hesitations. Conflict theory is better at explaining social change brought
about by the integration of education in the system but weaker at clarifying
social stability.

3. The Symbolic-Interactionist Theory. This theory explains that labelling

the educational achievement of a learner is significant and that degrees
represent the completion of his/ her education. The concept of credentials
 centers on the emphasis on certificates or degrees earned, to show that a
person has skills, attained his education at all costs, or has met certain job
qualifications. These achievements serve as a sign of what a person has
completed and permits the labelling of that person.

Ray Rist, a sociologist who experimented in the classroom setting,

monitored that the students who are closer to the teacher are more open
and performed better while the students who are distant from the teacher
had weak performance in class. Rist added that social class contributed to
the perceptions of teachers and was an interpreter of scholastic success,
and the socioeconomic status of children can be traced to their educational
achievement.

Functions of Education

Sharman (2015) pointed out that education aids in making the child realize the
need to develop his/her inborn potentials and skills. It also assists in molding a
child’s behavior, social abilities, and adaptability. It is through education that
humans distinguish themselves from animals where the transfer of knowledge,
information, and character change permit them to accomplish more.
From the social perspectives of education, here are the functions of education:
It serves in fulfilling society’s various needs.
Socialization is the most significant role of education where children acquire
the norms, values, and skills they need to serve the purpose of providing
solution to society’s problem.
Education is the main vehicle for learning.
Education functions in society as a means of social integration because
people contribute to a shared set of beliefs and values.
Education serves as a social placement; it means that education equips
children with the necessary knowledge, skills, values, and attitude for their
future position in life.

Importance of Education to Society

Education is the social institution through which society offers its members with
technical know-how, including basic facts, jobs skills, and cultural norms and
values. Society can run smoothly through education which improves the quality of
life and aids the people to become rational and civilized citizens. It is important to
note the following points of view and perspectives on the benefits of education to
society.
 According to the functional point of view, education helps socialize children
and prepare them for their ultimate admission into the larger society as
adults.
 Education strengthens equality in the larger society.
 Education facilitates the social interaction of learners in the classroom and
serves as a school playground of thought.
  Education socializes gender roles where teacher’s expectations may affect
the students’ performance.
 Education preserves and serves as a repository of the social and cultural
heritage of our people and nation.
 Education and school are integral parts of the society. Like a social
organization, the school delivers and exposes every individual to learning
and prepares the students to learn social roles according to their capacities
and performances in school.
 Education functions through social and cultural integration and acquisition
of knowledge in formal education for their chosen path (Yagan, 2011).

Lesson
Social Reforms in Education
2
Aristotle said, “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at
all.” This is true as the Philippine educational system has progressed over the years
and has gone through various changes and reforms to keep up with the changing
times. Education regained its vibrancy and soared to greater heights when
stakeholders in the education sector took the lead in the development and
expansion of access to quality education, thereby providing more opportunities to
more Filipinos and guaranteeing that they obtain quality basic education as a
means of reducing poverty and improving national competitiveness across different
areas of specialization.

DISCUSSIONS
The Philippine Educational Perspective

The Philippines has a dynamic and distinct educational system. With the help of
the private sector, opportunities for a variety of education platforms from the initial
stage of the learner’s development up to college and university level across the
countryside have become available. The Department of Education (DepEd)
supervises the delivery of basic education, while the private sector oversees the
management of their respective private learning institutions including
kindergartens, international schools, and religious institutions.
The Implementation of K-12 Program

According to the provisions of Republic Act 10533 otherwise known as the “K-12
Basic Education Curriculum,” the following are the stated objectives of this
curriculum:

Firstly, the law aims to nurture each and every Filipino learner holistically,
Secondly, the curriculum promotes mastery in areas of information, media, and
technology skills; and
Thirdly, the law seeks to provide Filipino learners with innovative skills, effective
communication skills, and life and career skills to prepare them for employment,
entrepreneurship, or higher education. This program covers compulsory preschool
education up to grades 11 and 12, adding two more years in the secondary level;
thus, making twelve years to complete the basic education program. In August
2016, 1.5 million Filipino children attended 11th grade, with senior high school
students given the option to choose among four tracks:
1. Academic Track
2. Technical-vocational Track
3. Sports Track
4. Arts

This education reform initiative encountered opposition with petitions against its
implementation filed in the Supreme Court questioning the validity of this program
and the government’s lack of resources to implement the reform initiative of the
government. Before President Rodrigo Duterte was elected, he was reluctant to
continue the program but when he assumed office he changed his mind after a
series of meetings with officials from the Department of Education. President
Duterte was convinced that this initiative is important because we are already
lagging behind our neighbors in terms of quality education. Truly, the state’s
increased spending on basic education including an expanded Alternative Learning
System deserves the highest priority.

Social Reform Initiative in Education

These institutional initiatives in education are pursuant to the government

redirection in giving priority to the upliftment of the education sector that promotes
the rationalized being of Filipino children.
1. Universal Pre-schooling for All. All public school children have pre-
schooling as their introduction to formal education.
2. Madaris Education. (DepEd Order No. 41, s. 2017) This refers to private
schools or providers of Madrasah education or sub-system that focuses
mainly on the private education of Muslim learners within the Madrasah
education system where Muslim children are provided a technically sound
curriculum in English, Filipino, Science, and Math, including education
subjects in Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education that are
integrated in a public school curriculum as additional subjects to keep our
 Muslim Filipino children in school.
3. Madrasah Education ( DepEd Order No. 41, s. 2017) This refers to the
Policy Guidelines on Madrasah Education in the K to 12 Basic Education
Program which aims to provide Muslim learners with appropriate and
relevant educational opportunities while recognizing their cultural context
and unique purposes for participating in the Program offerings and integrate
content and competencies which are relevant and of interest to Muslim
learners.
4. Technical-Vocational Education. This is an alternative way to prepare
students for the world of work with trade tests and skills rating under the
office of Technical Education and Skills development Authority (TESDA) or
other acceptable work standards.
5. “Every Child a Reader by Grade 1”. This reform initiative in education
focuses mainly on strengthening the foundation of the child in literacy and
numeracy because every child must be a reader by Grade 1.
6. Rationalization of Medium of Instruction. The usage of mother tongue as
the language of instruction from pre-school to Grade 3 while English and
Filipino are used as the medium of instruction after Grade 3.

Basic Education as a Human Right

Education is a major contributing factor in a person’s development and the

society’s as well. It is important to remember that education provides significant
contribution for the development of the individual in a society. The United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) identified education
as a fundamental human right because it promotes individual freedom and
empowerment and ensures the development of well-rounded human beings.

Education as a human right is the initiative of UNESCO’s Associated Schools

Network that links educational institutions around the world for a common goal: to
promote UNESCO’s values and objectives in the organization, lessons, projects, and
policies of the participating schools. Many schools have been established to form a
global network initiating positive transformation in the minds of the young
students. Amnesty International which includes 2.2 million members from 150
different countries initiated the effort to alleviate abuses in the education sector.

Ensuring a quality basic education makes the youth more aware of the need for
fundamental freedom and respect for human rights, develops and strengthens the
potential of their human personality, and opens opportunities for advancement.
Highest regard and emphasis on education help in the formation and development
of a society. The act of providing basic provisions to safeguard a child’s education
must be the vanguard of a government’s philosophy and goals to secure a holistic
approach in uplifting the educational needs of everyone.
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Article Analysis
Objective: Analyze the perspective of education in coping with the new normal.
Directions:
1. Read and analyze the article.
2. Answer the following guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

A Look Into Education’s New Normal

Lifted from: Sun Star
Dated: November 1, 2020

VARIOUS industries in the Philippines are already on their slow but steady path to recovery
and that includes the education sector. Despite the compromises and major changes made
in the educational system to navigate through the now normal, the Department of
Education (DepEd) has successfully opened classes for school year (SY) 2020-2021.

“DepEd recognizes the challenges of the school year ahead, but if we opted for an academic
freeze, we would have lost many months of the children’s’ learning,” said DepEd Secretary
Leonor Magtolis Briones. “The opening of the school year has generally been very
successful, and we will continue to face any challenge that lies ahead with great resolve to
continue education in the country.”
For the first few weeks of classes, the department has been focusing on the proper
implementation of the alternative learning delivery modalities and providing the necessary
psychosocial support for the academic community.

Learning in the new normal

Following the DepEd’s successful implementation of the different learning modalities across
the country, Regional Offices (ROs) are working hard to continuously provide students with
learning materials.

With the vision of making education accessible to every student in the country, DepEd
reports that 690,578,576 Self Learning Modules (SLM) have already been printed.
Distribution of the said learning materials has also been successful, with 465,225,636
SLMs being distributed to students nationwide for the first quarter of the school year.

Learning materials for Online Distance Learning students have already been prepared in
time for the first quarter of the academic year, with 3,841,474 digitized SLMs, e-books,
online video lessons and the like ready for rollout.

The DepEd also shared that 7,740 Radio-based instruction (RBI) learning materials are
ready for roll out across all regions in the country. These materials include teaching scripts
and learning episodes, which will help educate and engage with students in far-flung areas.
Currently, DepEd has partnerships with 309 radio stations all over the Philippines.

Meantime, preparations for Television-based learning have also been successful. The
Department reports that 9,207 Television-based instruction (TBI) learning materials like
video lessons and learning episodes have been prepared for students in all 17 regions in the
country. A total of 259 television channels are partaking in TBI, making education more
accessible and easier to consume this school year.

Recently, DepEd also announced the DepEd Error Watch initiative. The goal of this
initiative is to receive and collate reports of errors found in different learning materials so
that the DepEd can forward these to the appropriate offices for validation and correction.
The initiative allows the Department to be more open to public feedback in order to further
improve the learning experience of every student in the country.
Parents and students can use various platforms such as email ([email protected]),
Facebook messenger (@depederrorwatch), and text message (0961-680-5334) to report any
discrepancies, and are also encouraged to use the hashtag #depederrorwatch when
submitting reports.

Training has also been conducted nationwide to help equip teachers and parents for the
changes that are bound to happen this school year. The department has trained 804,272
teachers, and they have also reached out to 14,944,593 parents in all 13 regions. In total,
45,321 schools have helped the Department in conducting seminars to educate both
teachers and parents.

Putting emphasis on mental health

The mental health of the academic community also continues to be one of DepEd’s top
priorities for this school year. Prior to the opening of classes, DepEd trained teachers to
provide support to students who may be struggling to cope with education’ new normal.

The Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services program gives learners the necessary
support they needed during the first week of remote learning. Likewise, DepEd’s
stakeholders also enjoy wellness checks to also help them cope with working at such a
peculiar time.

DepEd also issued the Parents’ Handbook for the New Normal in Basic Education to serve
as a guide for SY 2020-2021. The handbook helps parents further understand the
alternative learning modalities and provides information on where parents can seek help
should they encounter difficulties in understanding the learning modules. Practical tips for
parents of learners with disabilities and positive parenting and discipline tips when
facilitating home learning are also included in the handbook. Parents can secure a copy of
the handbook by downloading it online.

“The millions of learners who are doing their best to learn despite the pandemic are truly
inspiring and encouraging,” said Briones. “The Department remains steadfast in its
commitment to provide all learners with the quality education they deserve, and we will
continue to work hand in hand with our stakeholders to continue education for Filipinos
across the country amid these trying times.” (PR)

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What is the news article about?
2. How do your knowledge and understanding of the problem discussed in the
news article help you to think critically of our current situation especially of
the education sector that is greatly affected by the pandemic?
3. How has this pandemic affected our learners? How do they cope with the
new normal?
4. As a learner, what precautionary measures have you taken to help in the
fight against this pandemic?

Activity 1.2. Tracer Study

Objective: Trace the path taken by graduates under the K-12 curriculum who
continue to pursue their studies in higher educational institutions, vocational
schools, and who shifted to TESDA training program.
Direction:
1. List down the names of your friends, relatives, and acquaintances who are
 graduates of the different tracks under the K-12 curriculum, vocational
courses and those who shifted to the TESDA training program.
2. You may use the matrix.

Name College/Univ. Vocational TESDA Program

Activity 1.3. Research Analysis

Objective: This will also help you assess your present learning experiences by
bridging information from outside to connect and relate them to the physical world.
Directions:
1. This feature will help you acquire actual information using online platforms
about the current state of our educational system.
2. Do an online search about recent school program of activities and curricular
offerings.
3. After viewing the material, answer the following guide questions.

Guide Question:
1. What did you learn and discover after your research? How does it affect you
as a learner?
2. How do you apply your knowledge and skills in understanding the current
state of our educational system?
3. How do educational institutions become the driving force in the development
of learners, schools, and administrators?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

The Significance of Education

1. Universal is the recognition that societies give to education. A Japanese

proverb values lifelong learning as expressed in the quote: “To teach is to
learn” while the Chinese say, “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do
and I understand.” Academicians do not tire of talking about its importance.
“ ‘Tis education forms the common mind, just as the twig is bent, the tree’s
inclined.”
 a. In your own understanding, how do you perceive and understand
education based on the lessons presented?

b. Use the SmartArt illustration for your answer.

_________________ ________________

_________________ ________________

EDUCATION

2. Emile Durkhiem, a French educational sociologist, clearly explained that

there is a need to define the role of education to understand the sociological
approaches in studying the theory of education. We must also consider the
social character, its origins and functions to be able to relate sociology to
other sciences.
a. How does education achieve its purpose in developing the minds of
the learners?
b. Fill out the SmartArt illustration for your answer.

_______?
_______?

_______?

Role of Education According to

Emile Durkheim
3. The Department of Education (DepEd) ensures the implementation of quality
basic education and supervises all elementary and secondary education
institutions including alternative learning systems, both public and private.
However, the private sector oversees the management of their respective
private schools including kindergartens, international schools, and religious
institutions.
a. With the present pandemic, how has the department adjusted to the
new normal in implementing its mandate to deliver quality education?
b. Write your answer inside the box.

4. Republic Act 10533 otherwise known as the “K-12 Basic Education

Curriculum” “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013” aims to nurture
holistically developed Filipinos who are equipped with information, media
and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, effective
communication skills and life and career skills.
a. What are the significant roles of this curriculum in improving the
competitiveness of our graduates?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Education is important to society, according to the functional point of view,
as education helps socialize children and prepare them for their ultimate
admission into the larger society as adults. How has education helped
children interact with other members of society?
 _________________________
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REMEMBER
 Education is an important tool which provides individuals with the
knowledge, job skills, and values for their growth and development and
attainment of societal goals. Here are the advocates of educational reforms.
Aristotle. Education is the process of training man to fulfill his aim
by exercising all his faculties to the fullest extent as a member of
society.
Socrates. Education means bringing out the ideas of universal
validity which are latent in the mind of every man.
John Dewey (1978). Education alongside development is the whole
lot; it has no end beyond itself (Education is everything along with
growth; education itself has no final destination behind it).
 As to the functions of education, Sharman (2015), pointed out that
education aids in realizing a child’s inborn potentials and skills. It also
assists in molding a child’s behavior, social abilities, and adaptability.
Education differentiates a man from an animal when an educated man
partakes of knowledge, information, and character change that make him
act and behave contrary to animalistic behavior.
 Republic Act 10533 otherwise known as the “K-12 Basic Education
Curriculum” “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013” aims to nurture
and develop Filipino learners holistically who are equipped with information,
media, and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, effective
communication skills and life and career skills.
 POST TEST
Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Education, according to the functional perspective, helps socialize children
and prepare them for their eventual entrance into the larger society as
adults. What does this perspective of education imply in educating children?
a. Children must be taught formal education.
b. Children are the most precious gifts from God.
c. Children are the most important members of society.
d. Children are the products of modern society through education.

2. Khalilah believes that the key to her future success and the only solution to
overcome poverty is through _____
a. Money to support the family’s lot and needs.
b. Power to amass wealth by engaging in politics.
c. Influence through negotiation in the underground businesses.
d. Education through the acquisition of lifelong skills in a formal setting.

3. La Rioja National High School offers junior and senior high school curricula
for the learners. Which type of education is the school offering?
a. Alternative Learning System for out-of-school youths
b. Higher education which includes bachelor’s degree courses
c. Formal Education which includes subjects and curricular offering in
academics, sports and arts, and vocational livelihood education
d. Non-formal education which includes activities like grooming and
body rejuvenation

4. According to Sharman, education aids in realizing a child’s inborn potentials

and skills. How does education help in molding the potentials of a child?
a. It helps shape the future of a child.
b. It assists in molding the social abilities and adaptability of a child.
c. It boosts the capability of a child to prepare for his/her future.
d. It helps the child to realize his/her potentials by introducing him/her
to the outside world

5. Humans naturally wish to seek and strive to reach higher levels of

consciousness and wisdom. It means that
a. The right education is the answer to reach one’s goal.
b. Humans must be productive in order to hurdle life’s difficulties.
c. Self-actualization may be reached by attaining the basic necessities.
d. Human needs must be fulfilled to appreciate the world with a sense of
awe and wonder.
 REFERENCES

Online Sources

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/educ/socialcontrol675 date retrieved

5/22/20
https://.en.mwikibooks.org/sociologicaltheory/featured date retrieved
5/25/2020
https://.en.wikipedia.org.educ.terms.qualifier date retrieved 5/16/2020

Yagan, Danny. (2011). Measuring the Impacts of Teachers. Retrieved from

https://oxfordbusinesgroup/philippineseducation date retrieved 5/25/2020

https://web.archive.org/web/20060428002323/http://www.westislandchro
nicle.com/pages/article.php?noArticle=606 date retrieved 5/4/2020

Books

Arcinas, MaylaM. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, & Politics. Quezon

City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Atienza, M.E., et.al. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, & Politics.

Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

McBride, B. (2011). The Human Challenge (13th ed.). Cengage Learning.

https://web.archive.org/web/20060428002323/http://www.westislandchro
nicle.com/pages/article.php?noArticle=606 date retrieved 5/4/2020.
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________

School: ______________________ Date: ______________Subj. Teacher: _______________
Quarter: 2 Module No.: 2
MELC: To examine the functions and importance of education in society.
Objectives: Write an in-depth analysis of the role of education in societal
transformation.
Topic: The Role of Education in Social Transformation

Journal Entry
Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The school or education equips learners with lifelong skills, knowledge, and
expertise and provides them with resources building and personnel in order
to function productively. How does education become a social system in this
regard?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Socialization is the most significant role of education where children acquire
the norms, values, and skills they need to serve the purpose of providing
solution to society’s problem. What is being pointed out by Sharman (2015)
in his statement regarding the functions of education?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Aristotle said, “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no
education at all.” This is true as Philippine education system has progressed
over the years despite the problems encountered in the education system.
What was meant by Aristotle in the quote about what should be the focus of
education?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. As a student, how do you cope with the new normal in education?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. How has the K-12 curriculum based on R.A. 10533 fulfilled its objective of
nurturing the Filipino learners and developing their full potentials?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
 ANSWER KEY
PRETEST POSTTEST

1. C 1. B
2. C 2. C
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. C
5. B 5. D
 Management and Development Team
Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V
Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Amalia C. Solis
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/s: Raul F. Espinosa, Master Teacher II (Content)

Alvin V. Santos, Master Teacher II (Content)
Winnie Irish T. Sanqui, Teacher III (Language)
Susana T. Alabastro, Ret. Head Teacher VI (Language)

Writer: Dr. Roque C. Bigoy, Jr., Master Teacher II