Calculus II

Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Reference: Finney, R., Weir, M. and Giordano, F. (2001) Thomas Calculus

12th edition. (New York: Addison Wesley)
 2

Dr. Roula Fares 2 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Table des matières

1 Multi-variable functions and their derivatives 5

1.1 Functions of several variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.1 Domain and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.2 Level Curves and Level Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Limits and continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.1 Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.2 Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Partial Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 First order derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 Second order derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Chain Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.1 Function of two variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.2 Functions of three independent variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.3 Implicit differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Directional derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Tangent planes and differentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6.1 Tangent plane and normal lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6.2 Estimating change in a Specific direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6.3 Linearization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.4 Total Differential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.5 Functions of more than two variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.7 Extreme values and saddle points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7.1 derivative tests and Extreme value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7.2 Absolute Maxima and minima on closed bounded regions . . . . . . . . . 15
1.8 Lagrange Multipliers : constrained maxima and minima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.9 Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2 Multiple Integral 23
2.1 Double integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1.1 Cartesian coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1.2 Polar coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2 Triple integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.1 Cartesian coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.2 Cylindrical coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.3 Spherical coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3 Substitution in Multiple Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.1 Substitution in double integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.2 Substitution in triple integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.4 Assignement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3
TABLE DES MATIÈRES 4

3 Integration in vector field 39

3.1 Parametrization of Curves and line integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.2 Vector field, work, circulation and flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3 Path independence , potential functions and conservative field . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.4 Flux across a plane curve (Normal vector) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.5 Green’s theorem in the Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.6 Surface area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.7 Surface integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.8 Stokes Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.9 Divergence theorem and unified theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.9.1 Flux in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.10 Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Dr. Roula Fares 4 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Chapitre 1

Multi-variable functions and their

derivatives

1.1 Functions of several variables

1.1.1 Domain and Range
W = f (x1 , . . . , xn ). D a set of n-tuples of real numbers (x1 , . . . , xn ) is the domain of f. The
set of the values taken by f is the function’s range.

The interior points of a region, as a set, make up the interior of the region. The region’s
boundary points make up its boundary. A region is open if it consists entirely of interior points.
A region is closed if it contains all its boundary points.
A region in the plane is bounded if it lies inside a disk of fixed radius. A region is unbounded
if it is not bounded.

5
1.1. FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 6

1.1.2 Level Curves and Level Surface

Définition 1.1 The set of points of the plane such that f (x, y) = c is called a level curve of
f.The set of all points (x, y, f (x, y))) in space, for (x, y) in the domain of f, is called the graph
of f. The graph of f is also called the surface z = f (x, y).
The set of points of the space such that f (x, y, z) = c is called a level surface of f.

Exemple 1.1 f (x, y) = 100 − x2 − y 2 , c = 0, 100, 200

Exemple 1.2
p
f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , c = 0, 1, −2

Exercice 1.1 (a) find the function’s domain, (b) find the function’s range, (c) describe the
function’s level curves, (d) find the boundary of the function’s domain, (e) determine if the
domain is an open region, a closed region, or neither, and (f ) decide if the domain is bounded
or unbounded.
2 2
1. f (x, y) = ex +y
p
2. f (x, y) = 25 − x2 − y 2

Dr. Roula Fares 6 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.2. LIMITS AND CONTINUITY 7

3. f (x, y) = x + y − 1

Exercice 1.2 Sketch a typical level surface for the function f (x, y, z) = z − x2 − y 2

1.2 Limits and continuity

1.2.1 Limits
To find the limit of f (x, y) at (x0 , y0 ) substitute (x, y) by (x0 , y0 ).

If we get an indeterminate form

— Simplify f (x, y) to get a finite limit (multiplying by the conjugate)
— use polar coordinates at (0, 0)
— the two path test for non existence of a limit.

Exercice 1.3 Determine the following limits if they exist :

x2 − xy
1. lim √ √
(x,y)→(0,0) x− y
x2 + 2xy + y 2 x
2. lim
(x,y)→(1,2) x+y
p
3. lim x2 + y 2
(x,y)→(1,−1)

2x2 y
4. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
2xy
5. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
x+y
6. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x − y

x3
7. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

x3 − xy 2
8. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 + xy

1.2.2 Continuity
A function f (x, y) is continuous in (x0 , y0 ) if
1. f (x0 , y0 ) is defined
2. lim f (x, y) exists
(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 )

3. lim f (x, y) = f (x0 , y0 )

(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 )

Dr. Roula Fares 7 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.3. PARTIAL DERIVATIVES 8

Exercice 1.4 Tell whether the following functions are continuous or not :
2xy
1. f (x, y) = 2 at (0, 0)
x + y2

2xy
(x, y) = R2 − {(0, 0)}


 2
x + y2
2. f (x, y) =


 1 (x, y) = (0, 0)

Exercice 1.5 Find the value of a such that the following function is continuous
 2
 √x − xy
√ (x, y) ∈ R2+ − {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x = y}
f (x, y) = x− y
a (x, y) = (0, 0)


x−y−1
Exercice 1.6 Given f (x, y) = √ √ ,
x−1+ y
1. Give the domain of definition of f.
2. find the limit of f at (1,0) (if it exists).

1.3 Partial Derivatives

1.3.1 First order derivative
∂f
W = f (x, y, z, ...) the partial derivatives of f are (I treat the other variables y,z,... as
∂x
∂f
constants) (I treat the other variables x,z,... as constants) . . .
∂y

Exercice 1.7 Find the partial derivatives of order one of the following functions
1. f (x, y) = x2 cos(xy) + ln(y/x)
2 y+ z
2. f (x, y, z) = (x + y) sin(2x + z 2 ) + ex x

3. f (x, y, z) = x sin(y + 3z)

4. fy at (1, 2, −3) of f (x, y, z) = z − x2 − y 2
5. fx and fy at (4, −5) of f (x, y) = x2 + 3xy + y − 1

Dr. Roula Fares 8 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.4. CHAIN RULE 9

1.3.2 Second order derivative

Théorème 1.1 The mixed derivative theorem If f , fx , fy ,fxy and fyx are defined throughout
an open region containing a point (a,b) and are all continuous then fxy (a, b) = fyx (a, b).

Exercice 1.8 1. f (x, y) = x cos(y) + y cos(x)

ey
2. f (x, y) = xy + 2 Find fxy
y +1

1.4 Chain Rule

1.4.1 Function of two variables

ω = ω(x, y), x = x(t) y = y(t)

dω ∂ω dx ∂ω dy
= +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt

1.4.2 Functions of three independent

variables

ω = ω(x, y, z), x = x(t) y = y(t) z = z(t)

dω ∂ω dx ∂ω dy ∂ω dz
= + +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt
3.two independent variables and three intermediate

ω = ω(x, y, z), x = x(r, s) y = y(r, s) z = z(r, s)

∂ω ∂ω ∂x ∂ω ∂y ∂ω ∂z
= + +
∂r ∂x ∂r ∂y ∂r ∂z ∂r

Dr. Roula Fares 9 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.5. DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES 10

∂ω ∂ω ∂x ∂ω ∂y ∂ω ∂z
= + +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
Exercice 1.9 Find the partial derivatives of order one of the following function
1. W = xy x = cos(t) y = sin(t)
2. W = xy + z x = cos(t) y = sin(t) z = t
r
3. W = x + 2y + z 2 x = y = r2 + ln(s) z = 2r
s
4. W = x2 y + y cos(z) + xyz x = t2 y = 3t − 2 z = 4
r
5. W = x2 y + y cos(z) + xyz x = y = rs + s2 z = r − s
s

1.4.3 Implicit differentiation

Given F (x, y, z) differentiable the equation F (x, y, z) = 0 defines implicitly y as a function
of x and z, we find
∂F ∂F ∂F
= 0, = 0, =0
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂x ∂x ∂z
We can then deduce using the chain rule , , ...
∂y ∂z ∂y
For example suppose that implicitly y = f (x, z) we have F (x, f (x, z), z) = 0.
Since ω = F (x, y, z) = 0 then

∂ω ∂x ∂y ∂z
0= = Fx + Fy + Fz
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂x ∂z
Since = 1 and =0
∂x ∂x
∂y
0 = Fx + Fy
∂x
∂y Fx
So =−
∂x Fy

dy
Exercice 1.10 1. Find if y 2 − x2 − sin(xy) = 0
dx
∂z ∂z
2. Find and at (0, 0, 0) if x3 + z 2 + yexz + z cos(y) = 0
∂x ∂y
∂z
3. Find if yz − ln(z) = x + y.
∂x
∂x
4. Find if xz + y ln(x) − x2 + 4 = 0.
∂z

1.5 Directional derivatives

The derivative of f at P0 (x0 , y0 ) in the direction of the unit vector u = u1~i + u2~j is the
number  ∂f 
∂x
~ | .~u where ∇f
(Du f )P0 = ∇f ~ = 
P0
∂f
∂y

Dr. Roula Fares 10 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.5. DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES 11

x2 y2
Exercice 1.11 Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = 2
+ 2
at P (1, 1) in the direction
of ~u = ~i + ~j.

Exercice 1.12 Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = xey + cos(xy) at the point (2, 0) in
the direction v = 3~i − 4~j

Interpretation :

~ | .~u = |∇f
(Du f )P0 = ∇f ~ | |.|~u| cos(θ) = |∇f
~ ~
P0 P0 |P0 | cos(θ) θis the angle between ~
u and ∇f

— f decreases most rapidly in the direction of −∇f~

~
— f increases most rapidly in the direction of ∇f
— any direction u orthogonal to ∇f~ i the direction of zero change.

Exercice 1.13 Find the direction in which the following functions increase and decrease the
most rapidly at P0 .

1. f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 , P0 (−1, 1)
2. f (x, y) = x2 y + exy sin(y) P0 (1, 0)
3 2
3. f (x, y, z) = x − xy − z P0 (1, 1, 0)

Dr. Roula Fares 11 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.6. TANGENT PLANES AND DIFFERENTIALS 12

1.6 Tangent planes and differentials

1.6.1 Tangent plane and normal lines
Geometric property : at every point (x0 , y0 )in the domain of a differentiable function f,
~ is normal to the level curve passing through (x0 , y0 ).
∇f

P0~M .∇f
~ | =0
P0

is the equation line to the level curve f (x, y) = c at (x0 , y0 )

Exercice 1.14 Find the equation of the tangent to the ellipse

x2
(E) + y2 = 2
4

at the point (−2, 1)

Définition 1.2 Tangent plane on the level surface f (x, y, z) = c is the plane through P0
~ | .
normal to ∇f P0
~ | .
The normal line of the surface at P0 is the line through P0 parallel to ∇f P0

Exercice 1.15 Find the tangent plane and normal line to the surface
1. f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z − 9 = 0 at (1, 2, 4)
2. z = x cos(y) − yex at (0, 0, 0)

Exercice 1.16 The surfaces

f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − 2 = 0

and
g(x, y, z) = x + z − 4 = 0
meet in an ellipse E. Find parametric equations for the line tangent to E at P0 (1, 1, 3).

1.6.2 Estimating change in a Specific direction

Définition 1.3 The change of a function f when we move a small distance ds form a point
P0 in a direction u is  
df = ∇f ~ | .~u ds
P0

Exercice 1.17 1. How much will g(x, y, z) = y sin(x) + 2yz change as the point P moves
from the P0 (0, 1, 0) a distance of ds = 0.1 unit toward the point P1 (2, 2, −2) ?
2. How much will f (x, y, z) = ex cos(yz) change as the point P moves from the origin a
distance of ds = 0.1 unit in the direction 2~i + 2~j − 2~k ?
3. How much will g(x, y, z) = x + x cos(z) − y sin(z) + y change as the point P moves from
the P0 (2, −1, 0) a distance of ds = 0.1 unit toward the point P1 (0, 1, 2) ?

Dr. Roula Fares 12 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.6. TANGENT PLANES AND DIFFERENTIALS 13

1.6.3 Linearization
Définition 1.4 The standard linearization of f at (x0 , y0 )

L(x, y) = f (x0 , y0 ) + fx |P0 (x − x0 ) + fy |P (y − y0 )

0

The error in the approximation over a rectangle R centered at P0 is

M
|E(x, y)| ≤ (|x − x0 | + |y − y0 |)2
2
where M = maxoverR {|fxx |, |fxy |, |fyy |}
1
Exercice 1.18 Find the linearization of f (x, y) = x2 − xy + y 2 + 3 at (3, 2). Find the upper
2
|x − 3| ≤ 0.1
bound of the error in the approximation over R :
|y − 2| ≤ 0.2

Exercice 1.19 Find the linearization of f (x, y) = x2 sin(y) at (π, π/6). Find the upper bound
|x − π| ≤ 0.1
of the error in the approximation over R :
|y − π/6| ≤ 0.1

1.6.4 Total Differential

Définition 1.5 If we move from (x0 , y0 ) to a point (x0 + dx, y0 + dy) the resulting change

df = fx (x0 , y0 )dx + fy (x0 , y0 )dy

in the linearization of f is called total differential of f.

df
— the relative change
f (x0 , y0 )
df
— the percentage change × 100
f (x0 , y0 )

Exercice 1.20 A cylindrical can is designed to have a radius of 3 cm and a height of 12 cm, but
the radius and height are off by the amounts dr = 0.03 and dh = −0.1. Estimate the absolute
relative and percentage change error in the volume of the can.

Exercice 1.21 The volume of a cylinder is V = πr2 h. If r and h are measured with an error
of 4% and 2% respectively. Approximate the maximum percentage error in measuring V.

1.6.5 Functions of more than two variables

Analogous results hold for differentiable functions of more than two variables.
1. The linearization of f(x, y, z) at a point P0 (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is

L(x, y, z) = f (x0 , y0 , z0 ) + fx |P0 (x − x0 ) + fy |P (y − y0 ) + fz |P0 (z − z0 )

0

2. Suppose that R is a closed rectangular solid centered at P0 and lying in an open region
on which the second partial derivatives of f are continuous. Suppose also that In their
absolute values are all less than or equal to M throughout R. Then the error in the
approximation of f by L is bounded throughout R by the inequality
M
|E(x, y, z)| ≤ (|x − x0 | + |y − y0 | + |z − z0 |)2
2

Dr. Roula Fares 13 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.7. EXTREME VALUES AND SADDLE POINTS 14

3. If the second partial derivatives of f are continuous and if x, y, and z change from and
by small amounts dx, dy, and dz, the total differential
df = fx (P0 )dx + fy (P0 )dy + fz (P0 )dz
gives a good approximation of the resulting change in f.
Exercice 1.22 Find the linearization L(x, y, z) of f (x, y, z) = x2 − x + 3 sin z at the point
P0 (2, 1, 0). Find an upper bound for the error incurred in replacing f by L on the rectangle
R : |x − 2| ≤ 0.01 |y − 1| ≤ 0.02 |z| ≤ 0.01

1.7 Extreme values and saddle points

1.7.1 derivative tests and Extreme value
Définition 1.6 Let f (x, y) be a function defined on a region R containing the point (a, b).
Then :
1. f (a, b) is a local minimum value of f if f (a, b) ≤ f (x, y) for all domain points is in
an open disk centered at (a, b).
2. f (a, b) is a local maximum value of f if f (a, b) ≥ f (x, y) for all domain points is in
an open disk centered at (a, b).
3. (a, b) is a critical point if fx (a, b) = fy (a.b) = 0 or fx and fy do not exist.

A local maximum occurs at a mountain peak and a local minimum occurs at a valley low point
Définition 1.7 f (x, y) has a saddle point at a critical point (a, b) if in any open disk centered
at (a, b) there exist (x, y) such that f (a, b) < f (x, y) and (x1 , y1 ) such that f (a, b) > f (x1 , y1 ).

Dr. Roula Fares 14 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.8. LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS : CONSTRAINED MAXIMA AND MINIMA 15

Théorème 1.2 First derivative test :

If f (x, y) has a local minimum or maximum at an interior point (a, b) then fx (a, b) = fy (a, b) =
0.

Théorème 1.3 second derivative test for local extreme values

Suppose thatf (x, y) and its first and second partial derivatives are continuous throughout a disk
centered at (a, b) and that fx (a, b) = fy (a, b) = 0 then
2
1. f has a local maximum at (a, b) if fxx < 0 and fxx fyy − fxy > 0 at (a, b).
2
2. f has a local minimum at (a, b) if fxx > 0 and fxx fyy − fxy > 0 at (a, b).
2
3. f has a saddle point at (a, b) if fxx fyy − fxy <0
2
4. the test is inconclusive at (a, b) if fxx fyy − fxy = 0.

Exercice 1.23 Find the extreme values of the following functions

1. f (x, y) = xy − x2 − y 2 − 2x − 2y + 4
2. f (x, y) = 3y 2 − 2y 3 − 3x2 + 6xy
3. f (x, y) = xy

1.7.2 Absolute Maxima and minima on closed bounded regions

To find the absolute maxima and minima of f (x, y) on a bounded region R
1. Step 1 Find the critical points of f
2. Step 2 Find the minima and maxima on the boundaries of R
3. Step 3 Look for the minimum and maximum values throughout the list obtained in
Step 1 and 2 with the corners.

Exercice 1.24 Find the minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) = 2x − x2 + 2y 2 − y 4 over
the region bounded by 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.

Exercice 1.25 Find the minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) = 2 + 2x + 2y − x2 − y 2

over the region in the first quadrant bounded by x = 0, y = 0 and y = 9 − x.

Exercice 1.26 Find the minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) = 2x2 − 4x + y 2 − 4y + 1
over the region in the first quadrant bounded by x = 0, y = 2 and y = 2x.

Exercice 1.27 Find the minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 − 6x + 2

over the rectangle 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and −3 ≤ y ≤ 0.

1.8 Lagrange Multipliers : constrained maxima and mi-

nima
Suppose that f (x, y, z) and g(x, y, z) are differentiable. To find the local maximum and
maximum values of f subject to the constraint g(x, y, z) = 0, we find the values of x, y, z and λ
satisfying
~ = λ∇g ~

 ∇f

g(x, y, z) = 0


Dr. Roula Fares 15 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 16

Exercice 1.28 Find the point closest to the origin in the surface x2 − z 2 − 1 = 0 using the
Lagrange method.

Exercice 1.29 Find points on the cylinder x2 + z 2 = 1 and x + y = 1 that are the closest and
farthest from the point A(0, 1, 0)

Exercice 1.30 The plane x + y + z = 1 cuts the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 in an ellipse. Find the
points on the ellipse that lie closest and farthest from the origin

1.9 Assignments
Assignment 1.1 (14.1-24,25,27)
(a) find the function’s domain, (b) find the function’s range, (c) describe the function’s level
curves, (d) find the boundary of the function’s domain, (e) determine if the domain is an open
region, a closed region, or neither, and (f ) decide if the domain is bounded or unbounded.
p
1. f (x, y) = 9 − x2 − y 2
2. f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 )
3. f (x, y) = sin−1 (y − x)

Assignment 1.2 (14.1-40,43)

Display the values of the following functions in two ways : (a) by sketching the surface and (b)
by drawing an assortment of level curves in the function’s domain. Label each level curve with
its function value.
p
1. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
2. f (x, y) = 4x2 + y 2

Assignment 1.3 (14.1-49,50)

Find an equation for and sketch the graph of the level curve of the function f(x, y) that passes
through the given point
√ √
1. f (x, y) = 16 − x2 − y 2 , (2 2, 2)
√
2. f (x, y) = x2 − 1, (1, 0)

Assignment 1.4 (14.1-54)

Sketch a typical level surface for the function f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )

Assignment 1.5 (14.1-62)

Find
√ an equation for the level surface of the function through the given point. f (x, y, z) =
x − y − ln(z) (3, −1, 1)

Assignment 1.6 (14.2-6,9)

Find the limits of the following functions
 2
x + y3

1. lim cos
(x,y)→(0,0),x6=y x+y+1
y
e sin x
2. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x

Assignment 1.7 (14.2-14,17,18)

Find the limits by rewriting the fractions first

Dr. Roula Fares 16 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 17

x2 − y 2
1. lim
(x,y)→(1,1),x6=y x − y
√ √
x−y+2 x−2 y
2. lim √ √
(x,y)→(0,0),x6=y x− y
x+y−4
3. lim √
(x,y)→(2,2),x+y6=4 x+y−2

Assignment 1.8 (14.2-32,34)

At what points (x, y) in the plane are the functions continuous ?
x+y y
1. a) f (x, y) = b) f (x, y) = 2
x−y x +1
x2 + y 2 1
2. a) g(x, y) = 2 b) g(x, y) = 2
x − 3x + 2 x −y

Assignment 1.9 (14.2-37)

At what points (x, y, z) in space are the functions continuous ?
1 1
a) h(x, y, z) = xy sin b) h(x, y, z) = 2
z x + z2 − 1
Assignment 1.10 (14.2-43,47)
By considering different paths of approach, show that the functions have no limit (x, y) → (0, 0)
x4 − y 2
1. f (x, y) = 4
x + y2
x2 + y
2. h(x, y) =
y

Assignment 1.11 (14.2-61)

Find the limit of f as f (x, y) → (0, 0) or show that the limit does not exist.

x3 − xy 2
f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2

Assignment 1.12 (14.2-67)

Define f(0, 0) in a way that extends f to be continuous at the origin.
 2
3x − x2 y 2 + 3y 2

f (x, y) = ln
x2 + y 2

Assignment 1.13 (14.3-8)

2/3
Find ∂f /∂x and ∂f /∂y for f (x, y) = x3 + (y/2)

Assignment 1.14 (14.3-27,31)

Find fx , fy , fz when
1. f (x, y, z) = sin−1 (xyz)
2 +y 2 +z 2 )
2. f (x, y, z) = e−(x

Assignment 1.15 (14.3-46)

Find all the second-order partial derivatives of the function s(x, y) = tan−1 (y/x)

Assignment 1.16 (14.3-54)

Verify that Wxy = Wyx when W = x sin y + y sin x + xy

Dr. Roula Fares 17 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 18

Assignment 1.17 (14.3-55)

Which order of differentiation will calculate fxy faster : x first or y first ? Try to answer without
writing anything down
1. f (x, y) = x sin y + ey
2. f (x, y) = 1/x
3. f (x, y) = y + x/y
4. f (x, y) = y + x2 y + 4y 3 − ln(y 2 + 1)
5. f (x, y) = x2 + 5xy + sin x + 7ex
6. f (x, y) = x + ln xy

Assignment 1.18 (14.3-66)

Find the value of ∂x/∂z at the point (1, −1, −3) if the equation

xz + y ln x − x2 + 4 = 0

defines x as a function of the two independent variables y and z and the partial derivative exists.

Assignment 1.19 (14.4-3,6)

(a) express dw/dt as a function of t, both by using the Chain Rule and by expressing w in terms
of t and differentiating directly with respect to t. Then (b) evaluate dw/dt at the given value of
t.
x y
1. w = + y = sin2 t, z = 1/t, t = 3
z z
2. w = z − sin xy, x = t, y = ln t, z = et−1 , t = 1

Assignment 1.20 (14.4-8)

(a) express ∂z/∂u and ∂z/∂v as functions of u and v both by using the Chain Rule and by
expressing z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating. Then (b) evaluate∂z/∂u and
∂z/∂v at the given point (u, v).

z = tan−1 (x/y), x = u cos v, y = u sin v, (u, v) = (1.3, π/6).

Assignment 1.21 (14.4-9)

(a) express ∂w/∂u and ∂w/∂v as functions of u and v both by using the Chain Rule and by
expressing z directly in terms of u and v before differentiating. Then (b) evaluate∂w/∂u and
∂w/∂v at the given point (u, v).

w = xy + yz + xz, x = u + v, y = u − v, z = uv (u, v) = (1/2, 1).

Assignment 1.22 (14.4-12)

a) express ∂u/∂x, ∂u/∂y and ∂u/∂z as functions of x, y, and z both by using the Chain Rule
and by expressing u directly in terms of x, y, and z before differentiating. Then (b) evaluate
∂u/∂x, ∂u/∂y and ∂u/∂z at the given point (x, y, z).

u = eqr sin−1 p, p = sin x, q = z 2 ln y, r = 1/z; (x, y, z) = (π/4, 1/2, −1/2)

Assignment 1.23 (14.4-26)

Define y as a differentiable function of x, find the value of dy/ dx at the given point.

xy + y 2 − 3x − 3 = 0, (−1, 1)

Dr. Roula Fares 18 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 19

Assignment 1.24 (14.4-31,32)

Find the values of ∂z/∂x and ∂z/∂y at the given points
1. sin(x + y) + sin(y + z) + sin(x + z) = 0 (π, π, π)
y z
2. xe + ye + 2 ln x − 2 − 3 ln 2 = 0 (1, ln 2, ln 3)

Assignment 1.25 (14.5-2)

Find the gradient of the function at the given point. Then sketch the gradient together with the
level curve that passes through the point.

f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ), (1, 1)

Assignment 1.26 (14.5-10)

Find the gradient of the function at the given point.

f (x, y, z) = ex+y cos z + (y + 1) sin−1 x (0, 0, π/6)

Assignment 1.27 (14.5-14,16,18)

Find the derivative of the function at in the direction of u.
√
1. h(x, y) = tan−1 (y/x) + 3 sin−1 (xy/2), P0 (1, 1), u = 3~i − 2~j
2. f (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 − 3z 2 , P0 (1, 1, 1), u = ~i + ~j + ~k
3. h(x, y, z) = cos xy + eyz + ln zx, P0 (1, 0, 1/2), u = ~i + 2~j + 2~k

Assignment 1.28 (14.5-20,23)

Find the directions in which the functions increase and decrease most rapidly at P0 . Then find
the derivatives of the functions in these directions.
1. f (x, y) = x2 y + exy sin y, P0 (1, 0)
2. f (x, y, z) = ln xy + ln yz + ln xz, P0 (1, 1, 1)

Assignment 1.29 (14.5-28)

Sketch the curve f (x, y) = c together with ∇f and the tangent line at the given point. Then
write an equation for the tangent line

x2 − xy + y 2 = 7, (−1, 2)

Assignment 1.30 (14.5-33)

Is there a direction u in which the rate of change of f (x, y) = x2 − 3xy + 4y 2 at P(1, 2) equals
14 ? Give reasons for your answer.

Assignment 1.31 (14.5-36)

The derivative of f (x, y, z) at a point P√is greatest in the direction of v = ~i + ~j − ~k. In this
direction, the value of the derivative is 2 3
1. What is ∇f at P ? Give reasons for your answer.
2. What is the derivative of f at P in the direction of ~i + ~j

Assignment 1.32 (14.6-1,5,7)

Find equations for the (a) tangent plane and (b) normal line at the point P0 on the given surface
1. x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 P0 (1, 1, 1)
2. cos πx − x2 y + exz + yz = 4, P0 (0, 1, 2)
3. x + y + z = 1, P0 (0, 1, 0)

Dr. Roula Fares 19 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 20

Assignment 1.33 (14.6-13,17)

Find parametric equations for the line tangent to the curve of intersection of the surfaces at
the given point.
1. Surfaces : x + y 2 + 2z = 4, x=1 Point : (1, 1, 1)
2. Surfaces : x3 + 3x2 y 2 + y 3 + 4xy − z 2 = 0, x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 11 Point : (1, 1, 3)

Assignment 1.34 (14.6-29)

find the linearization L(x, y) of the function at each point.

f (x, y) = ex cos y at a.(0, 0) b.(0, π/2)

Assignment 1.35 (14.6-34,36,37)

Find the linearization L(x, y) of the function f(x, y) at P0 . Then find an upper bound for the
magnitude |E| of the error in the approximation f (x, y) ≈ L(x, y) over the rectangle R.
1. f (x, y) = (1/2)x2 + xy + (1/4)y 2 + 3x − 3y + 4, at P0 (2, 2),
R : |x − 2| ≤ 0.1, |y − 2| ≤ 0.1
2. f (x, y) = xy 2 + y cos(x − 1), at P0 (1, 2),
R : |x − 1| ≤ 0.1, |y − 2| ≤ 0.1
3. f (x, y) = ex cos(y), at P0 (0, 0),
R : |x| ≤ 0.1, |y| ≤ 0.1

Assignment 1.36 (14.6-44)

Find the linearization L(x, y,z) of the function f(x, yz) at P0 .

f (x, y, z) = tan−1 (xyz) at a.(1, 0, 0) b.(1, 1, 0) c.(1, 1, 1)

Assignment 1.37 (14.6-47,48)

Find the linearization L(x, y,z) of the function f(x, y,z) at P0 . Then find an upper bound for
the magnitude |E| of the error in the approximation f (x, y, z) ≈ L(x, y, z) over the region R.
1. f (x, y, z) = xy + 2yz − 3xz, at P0 (1, 1, 0),
R : |x − 1| ≤ 0.01, |y − 1| ≤ 0.01 |z| ≤ 0.01
√
2. f (x, y, z) = 2 cos x sin(y + z), at P0 (0, 0, π/4),
R : |x| ≤ 0.01, |y| ≤ 0.01 |z − π/4| ≤ 0.01

Assignment 1.38 (14.6-49)

Estimating maximum error : Suppose that T is to be found from the formula T = x(ey + e−y ),
where x and y are found to be 2 and ln 2 with maximum possible errors of |dx| = 0.1 and
|dy| = 0.02 Estimate the maximum possible error in the computed value of T.

Assignment 1.39 (14.6-50)

Estimating volume of a cylinder : About how accurately may V = πr2 h be calculated from
measurements of r and h that are in error by 1% ?

Assignment 1.40 (14.7-7,9,16,24)

Find all the local maxima, local minima, and saddle points of the following functions
1. f (x, y) = 2x2 + 3xy + 4y 2 − 5x + 2y
2. f (x, y) = x2 − y 2 − 2x + 4y + 6
3. f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 + 3x2 − 3y 2 − 8
4. f (x, y) = e2x cos y

Dr. Roula Fares 20 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 21

Assignment 1.41 (14.7-36,38)

Find the absolute maxima and minima of the functions on the given domains.
1. f (x, y) = 48xy − 32x3 − 24y 2 on the rectangular plate 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.
2. f (x, y) = 4x − 8xy + 2y + 1 on the triangular plate bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0,
x + y = 1 in the first quadrant.

Assignment 1.42 (14.7-43)

Find the maxima, minima, and saddle points of f(x, y), if any, given that.
1. fx = 2x − 4y and fy = 2y − 4x.
2. fx = 2x − 2 and fy = 2y − 4.
2
3. fx = 9x − 9 and fy = 2y + 4.

Assignment 1.43 (14.8-6)

Constrained minimum Find the points on the curve x2 y = 2 nearest the origin.

Assignment 1.44 (14.8-11)

Rectangle of greatest area in an ellipse Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the
dimensions of the rectangle of greatest area that can be inscribed in the ellipse x2 /16 + y 2 /9 = 1
with sides parallel to the coordinate axes.

Assignment 1.45 (14.8-23)

Extrema on a sphere Find the maximum and minimum values of

f (x, y, z) = x − 2y + 5z

on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 30.

Assignment 1.46 (14.8-29)

Hottest point on a space probe A space probe in the shape of the ellipsoid

4x2 + y 2 + 4z 2 = 16

enters Earth’s atmosphere and its surface begins to heat. After 1 hour, the temperature at the
point (x, y, z) on the probe’s surface is

T (x, y, z) = 8x2 + 4yz − 16z + 600

Assignment 1.47 (14.8-37)

Extrema on a curve of intersection Find the extreme values of f (x, y, x) = x2 yz + 1 on
the intersection of the plane z = 1 with the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 10

Assignment 1.48 (14.8-40)

Minimum distance to the origin Find the point closest to the origin on the curve of
intersection 2y + 4z = 5 of the plane and the cone z 2 = 4x2 + 4y 2

Assignment 1.49 (14.8-47)

Maximize f (x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 +z 2 subject to the constraints 2y+4z−5 = 0 and 4x2 +4y 2 −z 2 = 0

Dr. Roula Fares 21 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

1.9. ASSIGNMENTS 22

Dr. Roula Fares 22 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Chapitre 2

Multiple Integral

2.1 Double integral

2.1.1 Cartesian coordinates

Figure 2.1 – Boundaries in Double Integrals

Let f (x, y) be continuous on a region R.

step 1 : Sketch the curves, specifying the intersection points
step 2 : min= entrance point y = y1 (x) , max= exit point y = y2 (x)

R is defined by y1 (x) ≤ y ≤ y2 (x) a ≤ x ≤ b or x1 (y) ≤ x ≤ x2 (y) c ≤ y ≤ d

Z Z Z d Z x2 (y) Z bZ y2 (x)
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx
R c x1 (y) a y1 (x)

Z Z
If z = f (x, y) is above the region R then f (x, y)dA is the volume under the surface, and
Z Z R

1dA is the area of the region R.

R

23
2.1. DOUBLE INTEGRAL 24

Figure 2.2 – Exception

Exercice 2.1 Find the volume under the paraboloid z = 10 + x2 + 3y 2 above the region in the
xy-plane 0 ≤ y ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.

Exercice 2.2 Evaluate the following integrals :

Z Z √
x
1. 2
dA over the region bounded by 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 and 1 ≤ y ≤ 2
R y
Z πZ 1
2. xy cos(y)dxdy.
0 −1

Exercice 2.3 Find the volume under the plane z = 3 − x − y above the region in the first
quadrant bounded by x = 1 and y = x.

Exercice 2.4 Sketch the region of integration, reverse the order of integration and solve the
following integrals :
Z 1 Z +√1−y2
1. √ 3ydxdy
0 − 1−y 2
Z 2 Z 4−y 2
2. ydxdy
0 0
Z 1 Z 1−x2
3. dydx
0 1−x
2 4−x2
e2y
Z Z
4. x dydx
0 0 4−y
Z 3 Z 1
y 3
5. √ x e dydx
0 3

Exercice 2.5 Find the volume√under the paraboloid z = 16 − x2 − y 2 above the region in the
first quadrant bounded by y = 2 x, y = 4x − 2 and the x-axis.

Exercice 2.6 Sketch the area of integration and evaluate the integrals :
Z π Z sin(x)
1. ydydx
0 0

Dr. Roula Fares 24 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.1. DOUBLE INTEGRAL 25

√
Z 4 Z x
3 √yx
2. e dydx
1 0 2

Exercice 2.7 Find the volume of the solid whose top is bounded by the plane z = x + 4 while
the base is the region in the xy-plane that is bounded by the parabola y = 4 − x2 and the line
y = 3x.

Exercice 2.8 Use a double integral to find the area of the region bounded by x = y 2 and
x = 2y − y 2 .

2.1.2 Polar coordinates

x = r cos θ y = r sin θ x2 + y 2 = r2
Z Z Z Z
f (x, y)dxdy = f (r cos θ, r sin θ)rdrdθ
R(x,y) R(r,θ)

Figure 2.3 – Polar Coordinates

Z Z
2 +y 2
Exercice 2.9 Evaluate ex dydx where R is the semicircular region bounded by the
√ R
x-axis and the curve y = 1 − x2 using polar coordinates
√
Z 1 Z 1−x2
Exercice 2.10 Evaluate (x2 + y 2 )dydx using polar coordinates.
0 0
Z 2 Z x
Exercice 2.11 Evaluate ydydx using polar coordinates.
0 0

Exercice 2.12 Using polar integration to find the area of the region R√in the xy-plane enclosed
by the circle x2 + y 2 = 4 above the line y = 1 and below the line y = 3x.

Dr. Roula Fares 25 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.2. TRIPLE INTEGRAL 26

Exercice 2.13 Describe the region 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 in polar coordinates.

2.2 Triple integral

2.2.1 Cartesian coordinates

Z Z Z
To find f (x, y, z)dv :
S
1. Sketch the region (S)
2. find the z-limits of integration :

z1 (x, y) ≤ z ≤ z2 (x, y)

3. Sketch the region R where R is the projection of (S) in the xy-plane.

4. Find the y-limits of integration

y1 (x) ≤ y ≤ y2 (x)

5. Find the x-limits of integration

a≤x≤b
Z bZ y2 (x) Z z2 (x,y)
6. f (x, y, z)dzdydx
a y1 (x) z1 (x,y)

Définition 2.1 The volume of the solid D is

Z Z Z
1dV
D

Dr. Roula Fares 26 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.2. TRIPLE INTEGRAL 27

Exercice 2.14 Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surface z = x2 + 3y 2 and
z = 8 − x2 − y 2 .

Intersection
z=z
x2 + 3y 2 = 8 − x2 − y 2
2x2 + 4y 2 = 8

Dr. Roula Fares 27 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.2. TRIPLE INTEGRAL 28

Exercice 2.15 Find the triple integral of f (x, y, z) = xyz throughout the cubical region bounded
by the coordinate planes and the planes x = 2, y = 2 and z = 2 in the first octant.

Exercice 2.16 Find the volume of the region bounded by the paraboloic cylinder y = x2 , the
plane y + z = 1 and the xy-plane.

Exercice 2.17 Find the volume of the solid bounded by z = y 2 the xy-plane and the planes
x = 0, x = 1, y = −1, and y = 1.

Exercice 2.18 Find the volume of the region in the first octant bounded by the coordinate
planes, the plane y + z = 2 and the cylinder x = 4 − y 2 .

Exercice 2.19 Find the volume of the solide in the first octant bounded by the coordate planes
and x + z = 1, y + 2z = 2

Exercice 2.20 Find the volume of te solid cut from the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 by the planes
z = 0 and x + z = 3

Dr. Roula Fares 28 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.2. TRIPLE INTEGRAL 29

2.2.2 Cylindrical coordinates

z=z
x = r cos θ
y = r sin θ
Z Z Z
To integrate f (x, y, z)dv using cylindrical coordi-
D
nates
1. Sketch the region (S)
2. find the z-limits of integration :

z1 (r, θ) ≤ z ≤ z2 (r, θ)

3. Sketch the region R where R is the projection of (S)

in the xy-plane.
4. Find the r-limits of integration

r1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ r2 (θ)

5. Find the θ-limits of integration

θ1 ≤ θ ≤ θ2
Z Z Z Z θ2 Z r2 (θ) Z z2 (r,θ)
f (x, y, z)dv = f (r cos θ, r sin θ, z)rdzdrdθ
D θ1 r1 (θ) z1 (r,θ)

r=4 Cylinder, radius 4, axis the z-axis

θ = π3 Plane containing the z-axis
z=2 Plane perpendicular to the z-axis

Dr. Roula Fares 29 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.2. TRIPLE INTEGRAL 30

Exercice 2.21 Find the volume of the region enclosed by z = y 2 the xy-plane and the rectan-
gular plane 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ y ≤ 1.

Exercice 2.22 Find the limit of integration in cylindrical coordinates for integrating a function
f (r, θ, z) over the region D bounded by the plane z = 0, laterally by the circular cylinder x2 +
(y − 1)2 = 1 and above by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 .

2.2.3 Spherical coordinates

ρ = d(O, P) 
~
θ = angle OX, OP ~ 0
 
ϕ = angle Oz,~ OP ~ ϕ ∈ [0, π]
Z Z Z
To integrate f (x, y, z)dv using spherical coordi-
D
nates
1. Sketch the region (S)
2. find the ρ-limits of integration :

ρ1 (ϕ, θ) ≤ ρ ≤ ρ2 (ϕ, θ)

3. Find the ϕ-limits of integration

ϕ1 (θ) ≤ ϕ ≤ ϕ2 (θ)

4. Find the θ-limits of integration

θ1 ≤ θ ≤ θ2
Z Z Z Z θ2 Z ϕ2 (θ) Z ρ2 (ϕ,θ)
f (x, y, z)dv = f (ρ sin ϕ cos θ, ρ sin ϕ sin θ, ρ cos ϕ)ρ2 sin ϕdρdϕdθ
D θ1 ϕ1 (θ) ρ1 (ϕ,θ)

ρ = cte i.e. distance to O is constant :

equation of a sphere
 of center (0, 0, 0) and of radius ρ
ϕ = cte ~ OP
c.à.d angle Oz, ~ constant : equation of a cone.
θ =cte : equation of a plane.

Dr. Roula Fares 30 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.3. SUBSTITUTION IN MULTIPLE INTEGRALS 31

Exercice 2.23 Find the volume of the ice cream cone D cut from the solid sphere ρ ≤ 1 by the
cone ϕ = π3 .

Exercice 2.24 Find thepvolume of the solid bounded by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 where
a > 0 and the cone z = x2 + y 2 .
Exercice 2.25 Let D be the region bounded by the plane z = 0, above by the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 =
4, and on he sides by the cylinder x2 +y 2 = 1. Set up the triple integrals in cylindrical coordinates
that give the volume of D and evaluate the result.
Exercice 2.26 Find the volume of the solid that lies inside x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 4 outside the cylinder
x2 + y 2 = 1 (use spherical and cylindrical coordinates)
p
Exercice 2.27 Find the volume enclosed by the cone z = x2 + y 2 and in the sphere x2 +
y 2 + z 2 = 4z (using Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates).
Exercice 2.28 Find the volume of the upper cap cut from the sphere ρ = 2 by z = 1 (use
spherical and cylindrical coordinates)

2.3 Substitution in Multiple Integrals

2.3.1 Substitution in double integral
Z Z Z Z
f (x, y)dxdy = f (g(u, v), h(u, v))|J(u, v)|dudv
D(x,y) D(u,v)
 
 ∂x ∂x 
 
 ∂u ∂v 
x = g(u, v) y = h(u, v) J(u, v) = 
 

 ∂y ∂y 

∂u ∂v
 
4 y/2+1
2x − y
Z Z
Exercice 2.29 Evaluate the double integral dxdy by applying the transfor-
0 y/2 2
2x − y y
mation u = ,v= .
2 2
Z 1Z 1−x
√
Exercice 2.30 Evaluate x + y (y − 2x)2 dydx using the transformation u = x + y
0 0
and v = y − 2x.
Z 2 Z y r
x √xy √
Exercice 2.31 Evaluate e dxdy using the transformation u = xy and v =
1 1/y y
r
x
.
y

Dr. Roula Fares 31 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 32

2.3.2 Substitution in triple integral

Z Z Z Z Z Z
f (x, y, z)dxdydz = f (g(u, v, w), h(u, v, w), k(u, v, w))|J(u, v, w)|dudvdw
D(x,y,z) D(u,v,w)

∂x ∂x ∂x
 
 
 

 ∂u ∂v ∂w 

 
 ∂y ∂y ∂y 
x = g(u, v, w) y = h(u, v, w) z = k(u, v, w) J(u, v, w) = 
 ∂u ∂v ∂w 
 
∂z ∂z ∂z 
 

 
∂u ∂v ∂w
Exercice 2.32 Evaluate
3 4 y/2+1  
2x − y z
Z Z Z
+ dxdydz
0 0 y/2 2 3

using the transformation u = (2x − y)/2, v = y/2, w = z/3 and integrating over an approprite
region in uvw-space.

2.4 Assignement
Assignment 2.1 (15.2-19,20,24,30). Sketch the region of integration and evaluate the integral
Z πZ x
1. sin ydydx
0 0
Z π Z sin x
2. ydydx
0 0
√
Z 4 Z x
3 y/√x
3. e dydx
1 0 2
R 1 R √1−x2
4. 0 0
8tdtds (the st-plane).

Assignment 2.2 (15.2-26,28) Integrate f over the given region.

1. Triangle f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 over the triangular region with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), and
(0, 1)
2. Curved regionf (x, t) = ex ln t over the region in the first quadrant of the st-plane that
lies above the curve s = ln t from t = 1 to t = 2.

Assignment 2.3 (15.2-36,37,42)Sketch the region of integration and write an equivalent double
integral with the order of integration reversed.
Z 1Z
1. 1 − x2 dydx
0 1−x
Z 1 Z ex
2. dydx
0 1
√
Z 2 Z 4−x2
3. √
6xdydx
0 − 4−x2

Dr. Roula Fares 32 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 33

Assignment 2.4 (15.2-54)Sketch the region of integration, reverse the order of integration,
and evaluate the integral. Z 8Z 2
dydx
√ 4
3x y + 1
0

Assignment 2.5 (15.2-57) Find the volume of the region bounded above by the paraboloid
z = x2 + y 2 and below by the triangle enclosed by the lines y = x, x = 0 and x + y = 2 in the
xy-plane.

Assignment 2.6 (15.2-59) Find the volume of the solid whose base is the region in the xyplane
that is bounded by the parabola y = 4 − x2 and the line y = 3x while the top of the solid is
bounded by the plane z = 4 + x.

Assignment 2.7 (15.2-65) Find the volume of the solid that is bounded on the front and back
by the planes x = 1 and x = 2 on the sides by the cylinders y = ±1/x and above below by the
planes z = x + 1 and z = 0.

Assignment 2.8 (15.4-12,17,18,19)Change the Cartesian integral into an equivalent polar in-
tegral. Then evaluate the polar integral.
Z a Z √a2 −x2
1. √
dydx
−a − a2 −x2
Z 0 Z 0
2
2. √
p dydx
−1 − 1−x2 1 + x2 + y 2
Z 1 Z √1−x2
2
3. √
dydx
−1 (1 + x2 + y 2 )2
− 1−x2
Z ln 2 Z √(ln 2)2 −y2 √
2 2
4. e x +y dxdy
0 0

Assignment 2.9 (15.4-28)Cardioid overlapping a circle Find the area of the region that
lies inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos θ and outside the circle r = 1.

Assignment 2.10 (15.5-3) Volume of tetrahedron Write six different iterated triple inte-
grals for the volume of the tetrahedron cut from the first octant by the plane 6x + 3y + 2z =
6.Evaluate one of the integrals.

Assignment 2.11 (15.3-5) Volume enclosed by paraboloids Let D be the region bounded
by the paraboloids z = 8 − x2 − y 2 and z = x2 + y 2 . Write six different triple iterated integrals
for the volume of D. Evaluate one of the integrals.

Assignment 2.12 (15.5-6) Volume inside paraboloid beneath a plane Let D be the
region bounded by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 2y Write triple iterated integrals
in the order dxdydz and dzdydx that give the volume of D. Do not evaluate either integral.

Assignment 2.13 (15.5-10,14) Evaluate the following integrals :

Z 1 Z 3−3x Z 3−3x−y
1. dzdydx
0 0 0
Z Z √ 2 Z 4−y 2 2x+y
2. √ dzdxdy
0 − 4−y 2 0

Dr. Roula Fares 33 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 34

Assignment 2.14 (15.5-21) Here is the region of integration of the integral

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y
dzdydx
−1 x2 0

Rewrite the integral an an equivalent iterated integral in the order

1. dydzdx
2. dxdydz
3. dzdxdy
4. dydxdz
5. dxdzdy

Assignment 2.15 (15.5-24)

Find the volume of the region in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes and the
planes x + z = 1, y + 2z = 2

Assignment 2.16 (15.5-26) Find the volume of the wedge cut from the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1
by the planes z = −y and z = 0.

Dr. Roula Fares 34 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 35

Assignment 2.17 (15.5-28) Find the volume of the region in the first octant bounded by the
coordinate planes, the plane y = 1 − x and the surface z = cos(πx/2), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

Assignment 2.18 (15.5-32)Find the volume of the region cut from the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4
by the plane z = 0 and the plane x + z = 3

Assignment 2.19 (15,5-36) Find the volume of the region bounded in back by the plane on the
front and sides by the parabolic cylinder x = 1 − y 2 on the top by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and
on the bottom by the xy-plane

Assignment 2.20 (15.5-44) Evaluate the integral by changing the order of integration in an
appropriate way.
Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z x
sin 2z
dydzdx
0 0 0 4−z

Assignment 2.21 (15.7-5) Evaluate the cylindrical coordinate integral

√
Z 2π Z 1 Z 1/ 2−r2
3dzdrdθ
0 0 r

Assignment 2.22 (15.7-14)Convert the integral

Z 1 Z √1−y2 Z x
x2 + y 2 dzdxdy


−1 0 0

to an eqiuvalent integral in cylindrical coordinates and evaluate the result.

Dr. Roula Fares 35 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 36

Assignment 2.23 (15.7-16)D is the right circular cylinder whose base is the circle r = 2 cos(θ)
and whose top lies in the plane z = 5 − x.Set up the triple integrals in cylindrical coordinates
that give the volume of D and evaluate the result.

Assignment 2.24 (15.7-20)D is the prism whose base is the triangle in the xy-plane bouded
by the y-axis and the lines y = x and y = 1 and whose top lies in the planeet z = x − 2. Set up
the triple integrals in cylindrical coordinates that give the volume of D and evaluate the result.

Assignment 2.25 (15.7-23) Evaluate the spherical coordinate integrals

Z 2π Z π Z (1−cos ϕ)/2
ρ2 sin ϕdρdϕdθ
0 0 0

Assignment 2.26 (15.7-37) Find the spherical coordinate limits for the integral p
that calculates
the volume of the solid bounded below by ρ = 2 cos ϕ and above by the cone z = x2 + y 2 and
then evaluate the integral

Dr. Roula Fares 36 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 37

Assignment 2.27 (15.7-38) Find the spherical coordinate limits for the integral that calculates
the volume of the solid bounded below by the xy-plane, on the sides by the sphere ρ = 2 and
above by the cone ϕ = π/3and then evaluate the integral

Assignment 2.28 (15.7-40)Let D be the region in the first octant that is bounded below by the
cone ϕ = π/4 and above by the sphere ρ = 3. Express the volume of D as an iterated triple
integral in (a) cylindrical and (b) spherical coordinates. Then (c) find V.

Assignment 2.29 (15.7-51)Sphere and plane Find the volume of the smaller region cut
from the solid sphere ρ ≤ 2 by the plane z = 1

Assignment
p 2.30 (15.7-52)Cone and planes Find the volume of the solid enclosed by the
z = x2 + y 2 cone between the planes z = 1 and z = 2.

Assignment 2.31 (15.7-56)Sphere and cylinder Find the volume of the region that lies
inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and outside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1.

Assignment 2.32 (15.7-60) Paraboloid and cylinder Find the volume of the region bounded
above by the paraboloid z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , below by the xy-plane, and lying outside the cylinder
x2 + y 2 = 1.

Assignment 2.33 (15.7-62)Sphere and paraboloid Find the volume of the region bounded above
by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and below by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 .

Assignment 2.34 (15.8-7) Use the transformation u = 3x + 2y, v = x + 4y to evaluate the

integral ZZ
3x2 + 14xy + 8y 2 dxdy


R

for the region R in the first quadrant bounded by the lines y = −(3/2)x + 1, y = −(3/2)x + 3,
y = −(1/4)x, and y = −(1/4)x + 1.

Assignment 2.35 (15.8-9) Let R be the region in the first quadrant of the xy-plane bounded
by the hyperbolas xy = 1, xy = 9 and the lines y = x, y = 4x. Use the transformation x = u/v,
y = uv with u > 0 and v > 0 to rewrite
Z Z r 
y √
+ xy dxdy
R x

as an integral over an appropriate region G in the uy-plane. Then evaluate the uy-integral over
G.

Assignment 2.36 (15.8-10)

1. Find the Jacobian of the transformation (1) : x = u, y = uv and sketch the region
G : 1 ≤ u ≤ 2, 1 ≤ uv ≤ 2, in the uy-plane.

Dr. Roula Fares 37 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2.4. ASSIGNEMENT 38

2. Then use Equation (1) to transform the integral

Z 2Z 2
y
dydx
1 1 x

into an integral over G, and evaluate both integrals

Assignment 2.37 (15.8-13) Use the transformation u = x + 2y, v = x − y to evaluate the

integral
Z 2/3 Z 2−2y
(x + 2y)e(y−x) dxdy
0 y

by first writing it as an integral over a region G in the uv-plane

Assignment 2.38 (15.8-24) Let D be the region in xyz-space defined by the inequalities

1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ xy ≤ 2, 0≤z≤1

Evaluate ZZZ
(x2 y + 3xyz)dxdydz
D
by applying the transformation

u = x, v = xy, w = 3z

and integratiang over an appropriate region G in uvw-space.

Dr. Roula Fares 38 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Chapitre 3

Integration in vector field

3.1 Parametrization of Curves and line integrals

dr r(t + ∆t) − r(t) df dg dh

v(t) = r0 (t) = = lim = ~i + ~j + ~k.
dt ∆t→0 ∆t dt dt dt

Définition 3.1 The length of a smooth curve r(t) = x(t)~i + y(t)~i + z(t)~k, a ≤ t ≤ b, that is
traced exactly once t increases from t = a to t = b is
s
Z b Z b  Z b  2  2  2
 dr  dx dy dz
L= |v(t)| dt =   dt =
 dt  + + dt
a a a dt dt dt

Exercice 3.1 Give a parametrization of :

1. y = x2
2. x2 + y 2 = R2
3. Line segment joining a point A(xA , yA , zA ) and a point B(xb .yB , zB ).

39
3.1. PARAMETRIZATION OF CURVES AND LINE INTEGRALS 40

To integrate a continuous function over a curve C :

1. Find a smooth parametrization of C i.e.

~r(t) = g(t)~i + h(t)~j + k(t)~k

2. Evaluate the integral

b
Z Z  
 d~r 
f (x, y, z)ds = f (g(t), h(t), k(t))   dt
C a dt

If f has the constant value 1, then the integral of f over C gives the length of C from
from t = a to t = b
Note :For most functions the value of the integral along a path joining two points changes
if you change the path between them.

Exercice 3.2 Integrate f (x, y, z) = x − 3y 2 + z over the line segment C joining the origin point
and the point A(1, 1, 1)

Exercice 3.3 Integrate f (x, y, z) = x−3y 2 +z over the union of line segments C1 and C2 where
C1 is the line segment joining O to B(1, 1, 0) and C2 the line segment joining B to A(1, 1, 1).

√
Exercice 3.4 Integrate f (x, y, z) = x + y − z 2 over the path from the origin to A(1, 1, 1)
given by C1 : y = x2 and C2 segment line joining B(1, 1, 0) to A.

Dr. Roula Fares 40 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.2. VECTOR FIELD, WORK, CIRCULATION AND FLUX 41

3.2 Vector field, work, circulation and flux

Définition 3.2 A vector field is
V~ = M (x, y, z)~i + N (x, y, z)~j + P (x, y, z)~k
Every point has its vector.

Définition 3.3 Let F be a vector field with continuous componenets defined along a smooth
curve C parametrized by r(t), a ≤ t ≤ b. Then the line integral of F along C is
Z Z Z
d~r
F.dr = F.T ds = F (~r(t)). dt
C C C dt
Définition 3.4 The work done by a continuous force field F~ = M (x, y, z)~i + N (x, y, z)~j +
P (x, y, z)~k in moving an object from the point A = r(a) to the point B = r(b) along a smooth
curve C : Z b Z Z b
d~r
W = F.dr = F.T ds = F (~r(t)). dt
a C a dt
If F is a velocity field of a fluid W represents the fluid flow.
If the fluid flow is a closed loop, the flow is called the circulation around the curve.

Exercice 3.5 Find the work done by F~ = (y − x2 )~i + (z − x2 ) ~j + (x − z 2 ) ~k over the curve
~r(t) = t~i + t2~j + t3~k from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1).
Exercice 3.6 Find the circulation of the field F~ = (x − y)~i + x~j around the circle ~r(t) =
cos(t)~i + sin(t)~j for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.

Dr. Roula Fares 41 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.3. PATH INDEPENDENCE , POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS AND CONSERVATIVE FIELD
42

3.3 Path independence , potential functions and conser-

vative field
F is a vector field defined on an open region D in space and let A and B be two points in
D. If the work done by moving from A to B is the same over all paths from A to B then F is
conservative on D.
F a vector field whose components are continuous throughout an open connected region D in
space, is conservative if and only if there exists f a differentiable function real function (called
the potential) such that
∂f ∂f ∂f ~
F = ∇f = ~i + ~j + k
∂x ∂y ∂z
F is conservative if and only if the circulation is null around every closed loop.

Any expression M (x, y, z)dx+N (x, y, z)dy +P (x, y, z)dz is a differential form. A differential
form is exact on a domain D in space if
∂f ∂f ∂f
M (x, y, z)dx + N (x, y, z)dy + P (x, y, z)dz = dx + dy + dz = df
∂x ∂y ∂z
for some scalar function f throughout D.

Z b Z Z B
F.dr = M (x, y, z)dx + N (x, y, z)dy + P (x, y, z)dz = df = f (B) − f (A)
a C A

Exercice 3.7 Show that F = (ex cos y + yz)~i + (xz − ex sin y) ~j + (xy + z) ~k is conservative
and find a potential.

Exercice 3.8 Find the work done by the vector field

F~ = yz~i + xz~j + xy~k
along the smooth curve joining the point A(−1, 3, 9) to B(1, 6, 4) (2 different methods are re-
quired)

Exercice 3.9 Given F~ = (x2 − zex )~i + (y 2 − xzey )~j + P (x, y, z)~j
1. Find P such that F~ is a conservative field given that P (0, x, y) = z 4
2. Find the work done by F~ when moving a particle from the point (0, 1, 0) to the point
(0, 1,1) and then to the point (1,2,-1).

3.4 Flux across a plane curve (Normal vector)

Dr. Roula Fares 42 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.5. GREEN’S THEOREM IN THE PLANE 43

If C is a smooth simple closed curve in the domain of definition of a continuous vector field
F = M~i + N~j in the plane, ~n is the outward unit normal vector on C, the flux across C is
I
F~ .~nds ~n = T~ × ~k
C
 
dy dx
F~ .~n = M −N
dt dt
Exercice 3.10 Find the flux of the vector field F = (x − y)~i + x~j across the circle x2 + y 2 = 1
in the xy-plane.

3.5 Green’s theorem in the Plane

Définition 3.5 The flux density of a vector F = M~i + N~j at (x, y) is :
∂M ∂N
Div(F ) = +
∂x ∂y
Définition 3.6 The circulation density of a vector F = M~i + N~j at (x, y) is :
∂N ∂M
−
∂x ∂y
This expression is also called the k-component of the curl, denoted by (curl F). k.

1. Divergence :
The outward flux of a field F = M~i + N~j across a simple closed curve C enclosing region
R in the plane is equal to :
I I ZZ  
∂M ∂N
F.~nds = M dy − N dx = + dxdy
C C R ∂x ∂y
R is the region enclosed by C.

Dr. Roula Fares 43 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.6. SURFACE AREA 44

2. Green-Riemann tangential form :

The counter clockwise circulation of F = M~i+N~j around a simple closed curve enclosing
region R in the plane is equal to :
I I ZZ  
∂N ∂M
F.T ds = M dx + N dy = − dxdy
C C R ∂x ∂y

Exercice 3.11 Verify the √tangential Green’s theorem for the field F = −x2 y~i + xy 2~j around
the region enclosed by y = 4 − x2 and the x axis.
Exercice 3.12 Verify both forms of Green’s theorem for the field F = (x − y)~i + x~j and
C : x2 + y 2 = 1
I
xdy − y 2 dx where C is the square cut from the first quadrant by


Exercice 3.13 Evaluate
C
x = 1 & y = 1.
Exercice 3.14 Find the flux of F = x~i + y 2~j across the square bounded by the lines x = ±1
and y = ±1.
I
Exercice 3.15 Evaluate (3ydx + 2xdy) over the triangle with vertices (0,0), (1,0),(1,2).
C

Exercice 3.16 Find the green’s theorem to find the counter clockwise circulation and the out-
ward flux of the field F = xy 2~i + x2 y~j around and across x2 + y 2 = 1.

3.6 Surface area

We may define surfaces in space in three different ways
— Explicit form z = f (x, y)
— Implicit form : F (x, y, z) = 0
— Parametric form r(u, v) = f (u, v)~i + g(u, v)~j + h(u, v)~k
Définition 3.7 The surface area of f (x, y, z) = c over the closed and bounded region R is
k∇f k
ZZ
S= dA
|∇f.p|
R

where R is the the projection of S

p~ unit vector normal to R such that ∇f.p 6= 0,
dA = dxdy if R is in the xy-plane so p~ = ~k,
dA = dxdz if R is in the xz-plane so p~ = ~j,
dA = dydz if R is in the yz-plane so p~ = ~i,

p
Exercice 3.17 Find the surface area of the cone z = x2 + y 2 0 ≤ z ≤ 1.
Exercice 3.18 Find the area of the surface cut from the bottom of the paraboloid f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2 by z = 4.
Exercice 3.19 Find the area surface of the cap cut from the hemisphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 2, z≥
0 by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1.
Exercice 3.20 Find the area of the surface x = 4−y 2 −z 2 that lies above the ring 1 ≤ y 2 +z 2 ≤
4 in the yz-plane.

Dr. Roula Fares 44 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.7. SURFACE INTEGRALS 45

3.7 Surface integrals

Définition 3.8 If R is the shadow region of the surface S defined by f (x, y, z) = c and g a
continuous function defined at points of S ; the integral of g over S is

k∇f k
Z Z
g(x, y, z) dA
|∇f.p|
R

When g ≡ 1 we obtain the surface area of S

p
Exercice 3.21 Integrate g(x, y, x) = x2 over the cone z = x2 + y 2 0≤z≤1

3.8 Stokes Theorem

Théorème 3.1 The circulation of F = M~i + N~j + P ~k around the boundary C of the oriented
surface S in the direction C.C.W. with respect to the surface’s unit vector ~n
I Z Z
F dr = ∇ × F.~ndσ
C S

k∇f k
dσ = dA
|∇f.p|
∂ ∂ ∂
∇ = ~i + ~j + ~k
∂x ∂y ∂z 
 ~i
 ~j ~k 

 ∂ ∂ ∂ 
curlF = ∇ × F =  
 ∂x ∂y ∂z 

 M N P 
∇f
~n = ±
k∇f k

Exercice 3.22 Verify Stokes equation for the hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 where z ≥ 0 and its
bounding circle C : x2 + y 2 = 9 z = 0 and the field F = y~i − x~j

Dr. Roula Fares 45 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.9. DIVERGENCE THEOREM AND UNIFIED THEORY 46

Exercice 3.23 Use Stokes theorem to evaluate the circulation of F = xy~i + xy~j + 3xz~k and C
is the boundary of the portion of the plane 2x + y + z = 2 in the first octant traversed c.c.w.

2 ~ ~ 2~
p F = (x − y)i + 4z j + x k around the curve C
Exercice 3.24 Find the circulation of the field
in which the plane z = 2 meets the cone z = x2 + y 2 counterclockwise as viewed from above

3.9 Divergence theorem and unified theory

3.9.1 Flux in 3D
Définition 3.9 The flux across the surface S is
Z Z
F.~ndσ

∇f
f the function that defines the surface, ~n = ±
k∇f k
k∇f k
dσ = dA or dσ = |ru × yv |dudv
|∇f.p|

Exercice 3.25 Find the flux of F = yz~j + z 2~k outward from the top of the solid bounded by
y 2 + z 2 = 1, x = 0 and x = 1 in the xy-plane with z ≥ 0

Dr. Roula Fares 46 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.10. ASSIGNMENT 47

Exercice 3.26 Find the flux of F = yz~i + x~j − z 2~k through the parabolic cylinder y = x2 ,
0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 4.

Théorème 3.2 Divergence theorem

The flux of a vector field F across a closed surface in the direction of the surface’s outward unit
normal vector is : Z Z Z Z Z
F.~ndσ = ∇.F dv
D

∇f
~n = ±
k∇f k
divF = ∇.F
D the volume enclosed by S.

Exercice 3.27 Verify the divergence theorem for F = x~i+y~j +z~k over the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 =
1

Exercice 3.28 Given the vector field F = y~i + xy~j − z~k and the solid S enclosed by cylinder
x2 + y 2 ≤ 4 between the plane z = 0 and the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2
1. Find the flux outward from the top of the solid S.
2. Find the flux outward from the solid S

3.10 Assignment
R
Assignment 3.1 (16.1 9) Evaluate C (x + y)ds where C is the staight-line segment x = t,
y = (1 − t), z = 0 from (0,1,0) to (1,0,0).
√
Assignment 3.2 (16.1 16) Integrate f (x, y, z) = x + y − z 2 over the path from (0,0,0) to
(1,1,1) given by
— C1 : r(t) = t~k 0≤t≤1
~
— C2 : r(t) = t~j + k 0≤t≤1
~ ~ ~
— C3 : r(t) = ti + j + k 0≤t≤1

Assignment 3.3 (16.1 27-30) Integrate f over the given curve

1. f (x, y) = x3 /y C : y = x2 /2 0≤x≤2
√ √
2. f (x, y) = x2 − y, C : x2 + y 2 = 4 in the first quadrant from (0, 2) to ( 2, 2)

Assignment 3.4 (16.2-10) Find the line integrals of F = xy~i + yz~j + xz~k from (0, 0, 0) to
(1, 1, 1) over each of the following paths
1. The straight-line path C1 : r(t) = t~i + t~j + t~k 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
2. The curved path C2 : r(t) = t~i + t2~j + t4~k 0≤t≤1
3. The path C3 ∪ C4 consisting on the line segment from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 0) followed by the
segment from (1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 1).

Assignment 3.5 (16.3-20) Find the work done by F = 2y~i + 3x~j + (x + y)~k over the curve
r(t) = cos t~i + sin t~j + t/6~k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π in the direction of increasing t.
R
Assignment 3.6 (16.2-24) Evaluate C (x − y)dx + (x + y)dycounterclockwise around the tri-
angle with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), and (0, 1).

Dr. Roula Fares 47 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.10. ASSIGNMENT 48

Assignment 3.7 (16.2-26) Evaluate C F.dr for the vector field F = y~i − x~j counterclockwise
R

along the unit circle x2 + y 2 = 1 from (1, 0) to (0, 1).

Assignment 3.8 (16.2-35)Flow integrals Find the flow of the velocity field F = (x + y)~i −
(x2 + y 2 )~j along each of the following paths from (1, 0) to (-1,0) in the xy-plane.
1. The upper half of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1
2. The line segment from (1, 0) to (-1,0)
3. The line segment from (1, 0) to (0,-1) followed by the line segment from(0,-1) to (-1,0)

Assignment 3.9 (16.2 47,49,51)F is the velocity field of a fluid flowing through a region in
space. Find the flow along the given curve in the direction of increasing t.
1. F = −4xy~i + 8h~j + 2~k r(t) = t~i + t2~j + ~k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
2. F = x2~i + yz~j + y 2~k r(t) = 3t~j + 4t~k 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
3. F = (x − z)~i + x~k r(t) = cos t~i + sin t~k 0 ≤ t ≤ π
4. Find the circulation of F = 2x~i + 2z~j + 2y~k around the closed path consisting of the
following three curves traversed in the direction of increasing t.
— C1 : r(t) = cos t~i + sin t~j + t~k 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2
— C2 : r(t) = ~j + (π/2)(1 − t)~k 0‘t ≤ 1
— C3 : t~i + (1 − t)~j 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

Assignment 3.10 (16.3-1.6) Which fields are conservative and which are not
1. F = (y sin z)~i + (x sin z)~j + (xy cos z)~k
2. F = (ex cos y)~i − (ex sin y)~j + z~k

Assignment 3.11 (16.3 10,11) Find the potential of the field F

1. F = (y sin z)~i + (x sin z)~j(xy cos z)~k
 
2. F = (ln x + sec2 (x + y)~i + sec2 (x + y) + y2 +z
y
2
~j + 2 z 2 ~k
y +z

Assignment 3.12 (16.3 16) show that the differential forms in the integrals are exact. Then
R (3,3,3) 4
evaluate the integral (0,0,0) 2xdx − y 2 dy − 1+z 2 dz

Assignment 3.13 (16.3 22)Find a potential function for the field and evaluate the integral
R (2,2,2) 2xdx+2ydy+2zdz
(−1,−1,−1) x2 =y 2 +z 2

R 2,3,−1)
Assignment 3.14 (16.3 23) Evaluate the integral (1,1,1) ydx+xdy +4dzby finding parametric
equations for the line segment from (1, 1, 1) to (2,3,-1) and evaluating the line integral of
F = y~i + x~j + 4~k along the segment. Since F is conservative, the integral is independent of the
path.

Assignment 3.15 (16.3-28) Find a potential function for F.(ex ln y)~i+(ex /y+sin z)~j+(y cos z)~k

Assignment 3.16 (16.3 31)Evaluating a work integral two ways Let F = ∇(x3 y 2 ) and let C
be the path in the xy-plane from (-1,1) to (1, 1) that consists of theRline segment from (-1,1) to
(0, 0) followed by the line segment from (0, 0) to (1, 1). Evaluate F.dr in two ways.
1. Find parametrizations for the segments that make up C and evaluate the integral.
2. Use f (x, y) = x3 y 2 as a potential function for F.

Dr. Roula Fares 48 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.10. ASSIGNMENT 49

Assignment 3.17 (16.3 33) Exact differential form How are the constants a, b, and c related
if the following differential form is exact ?

(ay 2 + 2czx)dx + y(bx + cz)dy + (ay 2 + cx2 )dz

b. Gradient field For what values of b and c will

F = (y 2 + 2czx)~i + y(bx + cz)~j + (y 2 + cx2 )~k

be a gradient field ?

Assignment 3.18 (16.4 8)Use Green’s Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation and
outward flux for the field F = (x + y)~i − (x2 + y 2 )~j and curve C : the triangle bounded by y = 0,
x = 1 and y = x.

Assignment 3.19 (16. 4 14 )Use Green’s Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation
and outward flux for the field F = (tan−1 (y/x))~i + ln(x2 + y 2 )~j and curve C : the boundary of
the region defined by the polar coordinate inequalities 1 ≤ r ≤ 2, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.

Assignment 3.20 (16.4 16)Find the counterclockwise circulation and the outward flux of the
field F = − sin y~i + x cos y~j around and over the square cut from the first quadrant by the lines
x = π/2 and y = π/2.

Assignment 3.21 (16.4 22,23) Apply Green’s Theorem to evaluate the integrals
H
1. C (3ydx + 2xdy) with C : he boundary of 0 ≤ x ≤ π, 0 ≤ y ≤ sin x
H
2. C (6y + x)dx + (y + 2x)dy with C : the circle (x − 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = 4

Assignment 3.22 (16.4 30) Show that the value of

I
xy 2 dx + (x2 y + 2x)dy
C

around any square depends only on the area of the square and not on its location in the plane.

Assignment 3.23 (16.4 32)What is special about the integral

I
−y 3 dy + x3 dx
C

Give reasons for your answer.

Assignment 3.24 (16.5 38)Find the area of the band cut from the paraboloid x2 + y 2 − z = 0
by the planes z = 2 and z = 6.

Assignment 3.25 (16.5 39) Find the area of the region cut from the plane x + 2y + 2z = 5 by
the cylinder whose walls are x = y 2 and x = 2 − y 2 .

Assignment 3.26 (16.5 41) Find the area of the surface x2 − 2y − 2z = 0 that lies above the
triangle bounded by the lines x = 2, y = 3x and in the xyplane.

Assignmentp 3.27 (16.5 42) Find the area of the cap cut from the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 by
the cone z = x2 + y 2 .

Dr. Roula Fares 49 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.10. ASSIGNMENT 50

Assignment 3.28 (16.5 46) Find the area of the surface cut from the paraboloid x2 +y+z 2 = 2
by the plane y = 0.

Assignment 3.29 (16.6 10) Integrate G(x, y) = y + z over the surface of the wedge in the first
octant bounded by the coordinate planes and the planes x = 2 and y + z = 1.
p
Assignment 3.30 (16.6 14) Integrate G(x, y, z) = x y 2 + 4 over the surface cut from the
parabolic cylinder y 2 + 4z = 16 by the planes x = 0, x = 1, and z = 0.

Assignment 3.31 (16.6 30) Find the flux of F = yx2~i−2~j +xz~k across the rectangular surface
y = 0, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, 2 ≤ z ≤ 7 in the diretion −~j.

Assignment 3.32 (16.6-32)Find the flux of the field F = −y~i + x~j across the portion of the
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 in the first octant in the direction away from the origin.

Assignment 3.33 (16.6 38) Find the flux of the field F = 4x~i + 4y~j + 2~k outward (away from
the z-axis) through the surface cut from the bottom of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 by the plane
z = 1.

Assignment 3.34 (16.6-41) Find the outward flux of the field F = 2xy~i + 2yz~j + 2x~k across
the surface of the cube cut from the first octant by the planes x = a, y = a, z = a.

Assignment 3.35 (16.6 42)Find the outward flux of the field F = −xz~i + yz~j + ~k across the
surface of the upper cap cut from the solid sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 25 by the plane z = 3.

Assignment 3.36 (16.7- 1,4,6)Use the surface integral in Stokes’ Theorem to calculate the
circulation of the field F around the curve C in the indicated direction.
1. F = x2~i + 2x~j + z 2~k C : The ellipse 4x2 + y 2 in the xy-plane, counterclockwise when
viewed from above.
2. F = (y + z 2 )~i + (x2 + z 2 )~j + (x2 + y 2 )~k C : The boundary of the triangle cut from the
plane x + y + z = 1 by the first octant, counterclockwise when viewed from above.
3. F = x2 y 3~i + ~j + ~k C : The intersection of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 and the hemisphere
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16, z ≥ 0, counterclockwise when viewed from above.

Assignment 3.37 (16.7-8) Let n be the outer unit normal (normal
away from the origin)
of
1
S : 4x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 4 z ≥ 0 and let F = −z + 2+x
the parabolic shell RR ~i+tan−1 y~j+ x + 1 ~k.
4+z
Find the value of S ∇ × F.ndσ.

Assignment 3.38 (16.7 9) Let S be the cylinder x2 + y 2 = a2 , 0 ≤ z ≤ h together with its top,
x2 + y 2 ≤ a2 , z = h Let F = −y~i + x~j + x2~k. Use Stokes’ Theorem to find the flux of ∇ × F
outward through S.

Assignment 3.39 (16.7 10) Evaluate S ∇×(y~i).ndσ where S is the hemisphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 =

RR

1, z ≥ 0.

Assignment 3.40 (16.7 19) Zero circulation Use the identity ∇×∇f = 0 and Stokes’ Theorem
to show that the circulations of the following fields around the boundary of any smooth orientable
surface in space are zero.
1. F = 2x~i + 2y~j + 2z~k
2. F = ∇(xy 2 z 3 )

Dr. Roula Fares 50 Faculty of Arts and Sciences

3.10. ASSIGNMENT 51

3. F = ∇ × (x~i + y~j + z~k)

4. F = ∇f

Assignment 3.41 (16.7 21)Let C be a simple closed smooth curve in the plane 2x + 2y + z =
2,oriented as shown here. Show that
I
2ydx + 3zdy − xdz
C

depends only on the area of the region enclosed by C and not on the position or shape of C.

Assignment 3.42 (16.8 5,9,10,11,16) use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of
F across the boundary of the region D.
1. Cube F = (y − x)~i + (z − y)~j + (y − x)~k D : The cube bounded by the planes x = ±1 ,
y = ±1 and z = ±1
2. Portion of sphere F = x2~i − 2xy~j + 3xz~k D : The region cut from the first octant by the
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4
3. Cylindrical can F = (6x2 + 2xy)~i + (2y + x2 z)~j + 4x2 y 3~k D : The region cut from the
first octant by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 and the plane z = 3.
4. Wedge F = 2xz~i − xy~j − z 2~k D : The wedge cut from the first octant by the plane
y + z = 4 and the elliptical cylinder 4x2 + y 2 = 16.
5. Thick cylinder F = ln(x2 + y 2 )~i − (2z/x tan−1 (y/x))~j + z x2 + y 2~k D : The thick-walled
p

cylinder 11 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 2, −1 ≤ z ≤ 2.

Assignment 3.43 (16.8 17) div (curl G) is zero

1. Show that if the necessary partial derivatives of the components of the field G = M~i +
N~j + P ~k are continuous, then ∇.∇ × G = 0.
2. What, if anything, can you conclude about the flux of the field ∇ × G across a closed
surface ? Give reasons for your answer.

Assignment 3.44 (16.8-26)Outward flux of a constant field Show that the outward flux of a
constant vector field F = C across any closed surface to which the Divergence Theorem applies
is zero.

Dr. Roula Fares 51 Faculty of Arts and Sciences