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SSC LM Q4 Week 56 Lesson4

This document provides a lesson on finding the equations of tangent and normal lines to curves. It defines a tangent line as one that touches a curve at a point, and a normal line as perpendicular to the tangent line at this point of tangency. The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal of the tangent line slope. Two examples are worked through, finding the equations of both the tangent and normal lines to given parabolas at specified points, using derivatives to determine slopes and the point-slope formula. Four practice problems are then presented for students to solve.

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55 views3 pages

SSC LM Q4 Week 56 Lesson4

This document provides a lesson on finding the equations of tangent and normal lines to curves. It defines a tangent line as one that touches a curve at a point, and a normal line as perpendicular to the tangent line at this point of tangency. The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal of the tangent line slope. Two examples are worked through, finding the equations of both the tangent and normal lines to given parabolas at specified points, using derivatives to determine slopes and the point-slope formula. Four practice problems are then presented for students to solve.

Uploaded by

shazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE - MALABON CITY


Maya- Maya St. Kaunlaran Village Longos, Malabon City

TINAJEROS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


B. Rivera Street, Tinajeros, Malabon City

Name: ________________________________________________ Mathematics 9


SSC – Math Elective
Grade 9 – Section __________________________________
FOURTH QUARTER
Date: __________________________
WEEK 5 and 6
Score: _________________________ SCHOOL YEAR 2021 -2022

Lesson 4: Tangent Line and Normal Line


I. Learning Objectives:
1. Solve problems involving tangent and normal using differentiation.
II. Mathematical Concepts:
A tangent is a line that touches a curve at a point. This point is called point of tangency. A line
that is perpendicular to a line tangent to a curve at the point of tangency is called normal line.
How to find the slope and the equation of a line tangent to a curve at a point was already
discussed in previous lesson. The slope of a normal line is the negative reciprocal of the slope of the
tangent line. To find its equation, we use the point-slope formula.

Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line to the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 at point
(2, −3).
Solution
a. Find the derivative
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 5
b. Find the slope of the tangent line at 𝑥 = 2
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑚 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑚 = 2 (2) − 5
𝑚 = −1
c. Find the equation of the tangent line using the point-slope formula
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (−3) = −1 (𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 + 3 = −𝑥 + 2
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2 − 3
𝑦 = −𝑥 − 1 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)

Learning Material Page 1 of 3


d. Find the slope of the normal line
1
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑛 =
𝑚

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑛 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒


1
− = 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑚

1
𝑚𝑛 = − ( )
−1

𝑚𝑛 = 1
e. Find the equation of the normal line
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (−3) = 1 (𝑥 − 2)
𝑦+3= 𝑥−2
𝑦 = 𝑥−2−3
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)

2. Find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line to the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 at point
(3, 2).
Solution
a. Find the derivative
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 2
b. Find the slope of the tangent line at 𝑥 = 3
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑚 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑚 = 2 (3) − 2
𝑚= 4
c. Find the equation of the tangent line using the point-slope formula
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − (2) = 4 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑦 − 2 = 4𝑥 − 12
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 12 + 2
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 10 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
d. Find the slope of the normal line
1
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑛 =
𝑚

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑛 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒


1
− = 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑚

1
𝑚𝑛 = − ( )
4

Learning Material Page 2 of 3


1
𝑚𝑛 = −
4

e. Find the equation of the normal line


𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
1
𝑦 − 2 = − (𝑥 − 3)
4

4 (𝑦 − 2) = −1(𝑥 − 3)
4𝑦 − 8 = −𝑥 + 3
4𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3 + 8
4𝑦 = −𝑥 + 11
1 11
𝑦= − 𝑥+ (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
4 4

III. Practice Exercises:


Find the equation of the tangent line and normal line to the curve at the given point.
(5 points each).
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑡 (1, 1)

2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑡 (1, 5)

3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑡 (−2, −4)

4. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 1

Reference:
Next Century, Mathematics Basic Calculus, pp. 44 - 54, .Jesus P. Mercado. Phoenix Publishing House

Learning Material Page 3 of 3

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