IoT Based Solar Tracking System For Power Output Maximization
IoT Based Solar Tracking System For Power Output Maximization
Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IoT Based Solar Tracking System for
Power Output Maximization
Prof. P. G. Pillewar 1 Aarti Siraskar 2 Srushti Vanjari 3 Umatai Godge 4
Assi. Professor UG Student UG Student UG Student
PES’ Modern College of Engineering, Pune
Abstract:- In this research paper we are focusing on Table 1 COAL IMPORTED
power output maximization by using IOT based dual axis YEAR COAL IMPORTED (million
solar tracker. The system is divided into two parts, tonnes)
hardware system and software system. Hardware system 2015-2016 207
includes light dependent resistor (LDR) which is used for 2016-2017 195
detecting the sun light, two servo motor which are used to
2015-2018 293
move the solar panel and software system consist of
2015-2019 235.35
coding by using HTML programming language and send
2015-2020 248.54
to Arduino NANO controller using Proteus software.
Dual axis solar tracker captures maximum sun radiation. 2015-2021 215.25
2015-2022 209
Keyword:- Servomotors, Arduino Nano, LDR, IOT, Dual
Axis Solar Panel.
I. INTRODUCTION
India has an increasing energy demand day by day so
there is need of green energy. According to WORLD Energy
council prediction, electricity demand will increase in 2030.
Costly fossil fuels are imported by India, as India is the
largest coal consumer in World. There is need to find
alternative source for generating electricity to fulfil the
demand. A scheme for “Development of Solar parks and
Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects” is targeting the 40 GW
capacity at end of year 2022.Dual axis solar system project is
very important nowadays. The main aim of this project is to
track the intensity of sunlight and follow the path of sun for
maximum power output. For getting the maximum power
output from the system, it should capture the maximum Fig -1: dual axis solar tracking system
intensity from sun by tracing its path.
Design considerations for a dual Axis Solar Tracker
II. RESEARCH METHODLOGY System include the type of solar panel, the location and
climate, and the desired level of accuracy and precision.
Hardware System Control algorithms play an essential role in the performance
of the dual-axis solar tracker system. Regular maintenance
Dual Axis Solar Tracker and troubleshooting are essential for a dual-axis solar tracker
Dual axis has two degrees of freedom for axis rotation. system to ensure optimal performance and longevity.
It can rotate in horizontal as well as vertical direction so it
can track the sun. The system realizes moment along and Sensors
azimuthally axis. Static version is 40% less efficient than Sensors are sensitive to intensity of light which can be
dual axis solar tracking system. Dual axis solar tracker is used as solar tracking sensors. when the sun is on left, the
device that oriented toward sun to maximize the amount sensor on left receives more light than other sensor it will
of energy harvested from sun rays it increases the efficiency direct the panel to rotate in the direction of sun light.
of solar panel. The microcontroller used is Arduino which
has many advantages. It is relatively inexpensive, easy to LDR
use, and open source, meaning that users can modify and They detect the region of sun light with a higher
adapt the code to suit their specific needs. building a dual density. Through servo motors, the solar panel is moved to
axis solar tracker using arduino. the location having high light density. Every LDR forms a
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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
potential divider when linked to the power source, so every Elevation Angle
change in light density corresponds to a change in voltage The elevation angle is the angle formed between a
across the LDRs. horizontal line and the line of sight to a particular point. It is
measured positively when facing the zenith, which is the
Arduino point directly above the observer.
It is an open-source prototype platform built on simple
hardware and software. It is made consisting of a circuit Zenith Angle
board with a microcontroller that can be programmed and The zenith angle is the angle between a line
readymade software called Arduino IDE (Integrated perpendicular to the plane of the horizon and the line passing
Development Environment), which is used to develop through the observer, extending upward towards the point
and upload computer code to the actual board. directly above the observer's head.
Sunrise And Sunset
Sunrise and sunset refer to the moments when the upper
limb of the sun just touches the horizon, marking the
beginning and end of daylight.
Noon
Noon is the time when the sun reaches its highest
position in the sky in terms of solar time.
III. SIMULATION OUTPUT
Fig -2: Arduino nano
Software System
Proteus software is used for testing and simulation of
dual axis solar tracker system. To build a simulation circuit to
test the kinematics of this project proteus software is used.
The motion and rotation of the solar tracker will be tested to
determine the correct sequence for the system. Start with four
sensors that locate the sun. The data received from the
sensors is converted from analog to digital and read in
Arduino UNO for getting the position of the sun and the solar Fig -3: Simulation of Circuit
panel. The system will analyse the data to determine sun
position and move the servomotor horizontally and vertically IV. TRACKER SYSTEM
according to command specified in Arduino IDE. In circuit
when power is given Arduino nano turns the servomotor.
Arduino is main processor and servomotor rotate the solar
panel. For this project, two servo motors with 180 degrees
angle, horizontal and vertical, were used.
Process Of Dual Axis Solar Tracker
The project is about tracking the sun radiation and
monitor the output with the help of IoT. First step is to detect
light with the help of sensor and send the output signal to
arduino for next process. Second step is arduino will process
the information which is came from sensor and direct
servomotor to turn the panel at angle where intensity of light
is maximum. The energy from sun is collected by
photovoltaic cell and send to arduino. In last step all Fig -4: Prototye Model
collected data is sent to IoT through Wi-Fi module. the data
collected will be seen on mobile screen in fraction of second.
Sun Position
AZIMUTH ANGLE: The azimuth angle refers to the
angular distance of a point from true north (geographic
north), rather than magnetic north. By determining the
azimuth angle, one can determine the position of the sun on a
map. When using a compass, it is necessary to account for
the magnetic declination specific to your location.
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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
REFERENCES
[1]. Benzen Azzouz, "FPGA-Based Intelligent Dual-Axia
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Fig -5: Model connections 2016 IEEE 1st
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Fig -6: Web page output
VI. CONCLUSION
A dual-axis solar tracking system is an effective
solution for maximizing power output in solar energy
systems. By incorporating both horizontal and vertical
tracking mechanisms, this system can optimize the
positioning of solar panels throughout the day and across
seasons, ensuring that they capture the maximum amount of
sunlight available.
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