Week 3 (II) - Weighted Residual Method
Week 3 (II) - Weighted Residual Method
Module 2
Fundamentals of finite element (FE) method
𝐴 𝑇′ = 𝑅 ≠ 0 (2)
𝐵 𝑇′ = 𝑅 ≠ 0
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1 𝐴 𝑇′
3 n
1 2
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𝑤
𝑤 𝐴 𝑇 𝑑𝑥
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• Method of moments – The weight function are chosen from the family of
polynomials.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 n
Fig. 3 Variation of nodal shape function
Fig. 3 shows a 1-D element with n nodes within, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4… are each separate
elements.
N1 , N2,…Nn are nodal shape functions.
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The value of nodal shape function is 1 at a particular node and its value is zero at
every other node. This feature can be seen in Fig. 3.
If these shape functions are used as the weighting function then this approach is
called the Galerkin approach.
e.g., w1=Ni; and w2= -Ni; where (i = 1, 2, 3…., n). Thus, the weighted residual
statement given in Eq. 3 becomes,
𝑁 𝐴 𝑇 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑁 𝐵 𝑇 𝑑𝑆 = 0 (4)
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𝜕 𝑇 𝜕 𝑇 𝜕 𝑇
𝑘 + + + 𝑄̇ = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑇
𝑘
+ 𝛼𝑇 + 𝑞 = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑆
𝜕𝑛
where, S1 represent the portions of the boundary on which boundary conditions are
specified.
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𝑇= 𝑁𝑇 = 𝑁 𝑇 (9)
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If there exits n nodes within the volume there will be n unknown temperatures Ti in
Eq. 8.
To obtain the Ti values, n number of equations are required that can be solved
simultaneously.
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𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑇
𝑘 + + 𝑑𝑉 − 𝑁 𝑄̇ 𝑑𝑉 + 𝑁 𝛼𝑇𝑑𝑆 + 𝑁 𝑞𝑑𝑆 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
(10)
where, we have m elements, of which r elements have boundary of domain as their face.
Considering a tetrahedron mesh that has only 4 nodes, only 4 non-zero values of Ni will
exist for an element.
Thus an element will contribute terms only in four equation of a set of n equations
expressed as Eq. 10.
𝟒
𝑻= 𝑵𝒊 𝑻 𝒊 = 𝑵 𝑻 𝒆
𝒊 𝟏
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𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁]
𝑘 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 𝑑𝑉
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁]
𝑘 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 𝑑𝑉
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕𝑁 𝜕[𝑁] 𝜕4 𝜕[𝑁]
𝑘 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 𝑑𝑉 (11)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
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ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ 𝑇
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ 𝑇 (12)
= ℎ {𝑇 }
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ 𝑇
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ 𝑇
where,
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑁
ℎ = 𝑘 𝑑𝑉 i = 1, 2, 3, 4
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
j = 1, 2, 3, 4
m = 1, 2, 3
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Thank you
for your kind attention
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