Junkers

gas calorimeter experiment pdf

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Equipment Mining & Metallurgy Equipment You're Reading a Free Preview Page 2 is not shown in this preview. Used for Determination of Calorific Value of Fuel / Flue Gases by the Junker's Method, involving Measuring of rise in temperature of a known volume of water due to combustion of a know volume of the Gas. Used in Petroleum Industries
Coke Oven Batteries Thermal Power Houses Cement Industries Fuel Gas Producers & Consumers Steel Plants Fertilizer Units Engineering Colleges Polytechnics PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION This Gas Calorimeter works on the Junker's principle of burning of a known volume of gas and imparting the heat with maximum efficiency to steadily flowing
water and finding out of the rise in temperature of a measured volume of water. The formula, Calorific Value of Gas X Volume of Gas = Volume of water X Rise in Temperature, is then used to determine the Calorific Value of the Gas (assuming that heat capacity of water is unity). EQUIPMENT This equipment consists of the Calorimeter with Powder
Coated Stainless Steel exterior with burner (with choice of two nozzles) on a tripod stand, a Gas Flow Meter (Cat. No. IRI 08) and a pressure governor. Requisite tubing & measuring jars as well as thermometers (0.1oC graduation) for reading inlet & outlet water temperatures are also provided along with a detailed instruction manual. Calorimeter
This Calorimeter covers a wide range between 120 BTU (1000 to 26000 K Cal/m3). The Calorimeter is fixed on a tripod stand having leveling screws to keep the Calorimeter in perfectly vertical position. The Calorimeter mainly consists of a gas combustion chamber, heat exchanger and water flow system. Heat exchanger is designed for maximum
efficiency of heat transfer and is fabricated out of heavily tinned copper sheet. A constant water head maintenance device provided in the feed water pipe along with the inlet water flow regulator is fixed to the outer housing of teh Calorimeter. The outer housing is of powder coated stainless steel. This constant water level attachment has an over
flow device through which excess water drains out. Water from this constant head device enters the bottom of the heat exchanger through inlet water flow regulator and raised along the annular space, comes up to the filtering position at the top and gets collected at the swinging funnel attachment. While going up it absorbs the heat generated by
burning the gas in the burner located at the bottom of the central chamber of the Calorimeter. Two thermometers are provided in the water inlet and outlets ports. Temperature of the effluent gas can be measured from the thermometer fixed at the exhaust gas outlet. Provision for fixing the burner is provided at the Calorimeter base. An outlet for
collection of condensate is provided at the bottom. Gas Flow Meter The Gas Flow Meter Provided is Cat. No. IRI 08. It is a wet type Gas Flow Meter, with recording facility on a mechanical counter of the number of revolutions made, which gives total volume of gas burnt, For more details of the Flow Meter, please refer to its individual leaflet.
Pressure Governor This is to regulate the pressure of gas before it enters the flowmeter. These governors are factory adjusted for a required pressure. Specifications are subject to change without notice Junker's Gas Calorimeter The junker’s gas calorimeter was named by Antoine Lavoisier. In 1870, he used guinea pig with this device to measure
heat production in his experiments. The heat produced by the pig melted the snow arround the calorimeter. This shows that respiratory is the combustion similar to burning of candle. The junker’s gas calorimeter is almost similar to bomb calorimeter in respect that heat evolved by burning gas is taken away by water. The junker’s gas calorimeter is
used to determine the calorific value of the gaseous fuels. The junker’s gas calorimeter is a device used to measure the calorific value of the gaseous fuels. The device is essentially a Bunsen burner with a cooling jacket. The jacket is cylindrical in shape with water in it. The burner is inside the cylinder. The calorimeter allows the user to measure the
temperature of water flowing in and flowing out. Once steady state is reached, the water flowing through is collected for a specified period of time. Measuring the mass of the water and the temperature rise in the water, the operator can calculate the number of joules which went into the water to heat it. There is a flow meter on the fuel gas, so the
operator can also calculate the volume of gas that was burned in the same time period. The amount of energy, in J, available per litre of gas can then be calculated. A Junkers calorimeter is a flow calorimeter, with heat transfer happening continuously, as opposed to a batch calorimeter. The device consist of a cylindrical shell and two paths for water
are there which have copper coil arranged in it. One path is the inlet and the other is outlet. Water pass through the copper coils. There is pressure regulator in the path of water flow which is further connected with gas flow meter. Gas flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of gas. Temperature sensors are used in the device to measure the inlet
and outlet water temperature and also for the flue gases. 2.2.Main Parts: 1. SHELL 2. WET TYPE LABORATORY GAS METER 3. PRESSURE REGULATOR 4. AIR HUMIDIFIER 5. FUEL BURNER 6. AIR INLET 7. COOLING WATER 8. COOLING WATER CHAMBER 9. THERMOMETER (INLET WATER TEMPERATURE) 10. THERMOMETER (OUTLET
WATER TEMPERATURE) 11. FLUE GAS OUTLET 12. CONDENSATE OUTLET The junker’s gas calorimeter works on the principle of burning of a gas whose volume is known. The temperature of water and gas is measured along with flow rate of gas to measure the calorific value. The formula is: Calorific Value of Gas X Volume of Gas = Volume of
water X Rise in Temperature, is then used to determine the Calorific Value of the Gas (assuming that heat capacity of water is unity). A measured quantity of gas whose calorific value is required supplied to a gas meter which measures the volume of gas and after it the gas pass through the pressure regulator which measures the pressure of gas
using the manometer. When the gas inside the chamer is burned, the products produced in the combustion rise into the chamber and then move downward where it is extracted as gas flues. After this gas finally escapse to the atmosphere. There is thermometer at the end of the outlet which measures the temperature of the escaping gas. This
temperature should be near room temperature so that whole heat is absorbed by the water. Cold water enters the calorimeter near the bottom of device and leaves from top. Water that was formed by condensation is collected in a pot. The quantity of gas in te process is measured accurately and the temperature of ingoing and outgoing gas is also
measured. By using above ccollected data we can measure the calorific value from formula as mentioned earlier. Following results were obtained when a gas was tested in a junker’s gas calorimeter: Gas burnt in calorimeter = 0.08m3 Pressure of gas supply = 5.2 cm of water Barometer = 75.5 cm of Hg Temperature of gas = 13 degree centigrade
Weight of water heated by gas = 28 kg Temperature of water at inlet = 10 degree centigrade Temperature of water at outlet = 23.5 degree centigrade Steam condensed = 0.06 kg Determine the higher and lower calorific values per meter cube of gas at temperature of 15 degreecentigrade and barometeric pressure of 76 cm of Hg. Solution: The
volume of gas is measured at 13 degreecentigrade and pressure of 5.2 cm of water. Let us reduce this volume to S.T.P. by using general gas equation. P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 P1 = 75.5+ (5.2/13.6) = 75.882 cm of Hg T1 = 273+13 = 286K V1 = 0.08 m3 P2 = 76 cm of Hg V2 = ? T2 = 273+15 = 288K 75.882 x 0.08/286 = 76 x V2/288 V2 = 75.882 x 0.08
x 288/76 V2 = 0.0804 m3 Heat received by water = 28 x 4.18 x (23.5 – 10) = 1580 KJ Higher calorific value of fuel = 1580/0.08 = 19750 KJ/m3 Amount of water vapours formed(steam condensed) per m3 of gas burnt = 0.06/0.08 = 0.75 Kg Lower calorific value (L.C.V) = H.C.V -2465 x 0.75 = 19750 – 1848.7 = 17901.3
KJ/Kg
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