MAA SL

EXERCISES 1.3-1.6 SOLUTIONS

SEQUENCES
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES

A. Practice questions

1. (a) 411 (b) 21311 (c) 980

2. (a) d=8 (b) 75 (c) 385 (d) n = 21
n
3. (a) u1 = 10 d= 5 (b) un = 5n+5 (c) S n  (5n  15) (d) u n  105 and S 20  1150
2
n
4. (a) u1 = 10 u2 = 15 (b) d= 5 (c) S 3  45 S 4  70 (d) S n  (5n  15 )
2
5. (a) (i) 15 (ii) 40400 (iii) 40385 (b) 30200
6. (a) 23 (b) 99 (c) 1265

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

7. (a) u1 = 7, d = 2.5
u41 = u1 + (n – 1)d = 7 + (41 – 1)2.5= 107
n
(b) S101 = [2u1 + (n – 1)d]
2
101 101( 264)
= [2(7) + (101 – 1)2.52] = = 13332
2 2

5
8. S5 = {2 + 32} = 85
2
OR
a = 2, a + 4d = 32  4d = 30d = 7.5
5 5
S5 = (4 + 4(7.5)) = (4 + 30) = 85
2 2

9. (a) u3  u1  2 d  8 = 2 + 2d  d = 3
(b) u20 = 2 + 19 × 3 = 59
20 20
(c) S20 = (2 + 59) = 610 OR S20 = (2 × 2 + 19 × 3) = 610
2 2
35
10. u 4  40  5 + 3d = 40  d =
3
35 2 50
u2 = 5 + = 16 or
3 3 3
20
11. (a) {2(–7) + 19d} = 620  d = 4
2
(b) u78 = –7 + 77(4) = 301

1
12. (a) (i) –37 = u1 + 20d
–3 = u1 + 3d
–34 = 17d  d = –2
(ii) –3 = u1 – 6  u1 = 3
(b) u10 = 3 + 9 × –2 = –15
10
S10 = (3 + (–15)) = –60
2

13. METHOD 1
40(u1  106)
substituting into formula for S40 : 1900 =  u1 = –11
2
substituting into formula for u40 : 106 = –11 + 39d  d = 3

METHOD 2
substituting into formulas for S40 and u40
20(2u1 + 39d) = 1900
u1 + 39d = 106
Solution: u1 = –11, d = 3
14. (a) d=3
u101 = 2 + 100  3 = 302
(b) 152 = 2 + (n  1)  3  150 = (n  1)  3  50 = n  1  n = 51

15. (a) u4 = ul + 3d 16 = –2 +3d  d = 6

11998  2
(b) un = ul + (n – 1) 6  11998 = –2 + (n – l)6  n =  1 = 2001
6
64  7
16. (a) u20 = u1 + 19d  64  7  19d , d 
19
d=3
(b) un = 3709  3709 = 7 + 3(n – 1)  n = 1235

17. (a) common difference is 6

(b) un = 1353  1353 = 3 + (n – 1)6  n = 226
226(3  1353) 226
(c) S226 = OR S226 = (2 × 3 + 225 × 6)
2 2
S226 = 153 228 (153 000 is also accepted)

18. (a) u27 =263  263 = u1 + 26 × 11  u1 = –23

(b) (i) 516 = –23 + (n – 1) × 11  n = 50
50(23  516) 50(2  (23)  49  11)
(ii) S50 = ,= 12325 OR S 50  = 12325
2 2
19. 17 + (n – 1)10 = 417  10(n – 1) = 400 so n = 41
41 41 41
S41 = (2(17) + 40(10)) = 41(17 + 200) = 8897 OR S41 = (17 + 417) = (434) = 8897
2 2 2

2
20. (a) u1  S1  7
(b) u2  S 2  u1  18  7  11
d  11  7  4
(c) u4  u1  ( n  1) d  7  3(4)
u4  19

21. Arithmetic sequence

u1 = 200 d = 30
(a) Distance in final week = 200 + 51 × 30= 1730 m
52
(b) Total distance = [2.200 + 51.30] = 50180m
2

22. (a) Arithmetic sequence

u1 =15 d = 2 n = 20
u20 = 15 + (20 –1) × 2 = 53 (that is, 53 seats in the 20th row)

(b) S20= 20 (2×15 + 19 × 2) (or 20 (15 + 53))

2 2
= 680 (that is, 680 seats in total)

23. (a) u 1 = 1000, u n = 1000 + (n – 1)250 = 10 000

n = 37.
She runs 10 km on the 37th day.
37
(b) S37 = (1000 + 10 000) = 203 500
2
She has run a total of 203.5 km

24. Arithmetic sequence d = 3

n = 1250
1250 1250
S = (3 + 3750) = 2 345 625 or S  (6  1249  3) = 2 345 625
2 2

25. (a) 3, 6, 9
20
20
(b) (i) sum of an AP  3n  2 2  3  20  1 3 = 630
n 1

(ii) METHOD 1
100
100
 3n = 2  3  99  3,=,15150
n 1 2
100

 3n 15150  630 14520

n  21

METHOD 2
first term is 63, the number of terms is 80
100
80
 63  300,14520
3n  14520
n  21 2

3
26. (a) u1 = 1, u2 = –1, u3 = –3
20
(b) S20 = (2 × 1 + 19 × –2) (= 10(2 – 38)) = –360
2

27. (a) d=2

(b) (i) 5 + 2n = 115
n = 55
(ii) u1 = 7
55
55 55
S55 =
2
(7  115), S 55 
2

( 2(7)  54( 2)), (5  2k )
k 1
S55 = 3355

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

A. Practice questions

28. (a) 5120 (b) 10230 (c) 10x2n-1 (=5x2n) (d) 20480
29. (a) 0.0195 (b) 19.98 (c) 20 (d) 0.000610
30. (a) 2 (b) 80 (c) 5115 (d) 9
31. (a) 5/3 (b) 5/7
32. (a) 2500(1.05)7 , 2500(1.025)14 , 2500(1.0125)28 (b) 15
33. (i) 2046 (ii) 1
34. (a) 30 (b) 20

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

35. (a) u10 = 3(0.9)9

(b) r = 0.9
3 3
S= = = 30
1  0.9 0.1

1
36. (a) (0.2)
5
1
9
 1 7 1 
(b) (i) u10  25  = 0.0000128 OR    ,1.28 10 5 ,
5  5  78125 

n 1
1
(ii) u n  25 
5
125
(c) S=  31.25  31.3 to 3 s f 
4

2
37. (a) r=
3
(b) u15 = 1.39
(c) S = 1215

4
 54 162 486
38. (a)    3 hence geometric
18 54 162
(b) (i) r=3
un = 18  3n  1
(ii) 18  3 n  1 = 1062882
n = 11

1800 1800
39. (a) dividing two terms e.g.  ,
3000 1080
r =  0.6
(b) u10 = 3000( 0.6)9 = 30.2 (exact value 30.233088)
3000
(c) S = 1875
1 .6

16  1 
40. (a) r=  
32  2 
6 1
1
(b) u6 = 32 ×   OR 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
2
u6 = 1
32
(c) S ∞= ,= 64
1
1
2
1 3
41. (a) u4 = r
81
1 3 1
r  r=3
81 3
(b) METHOD 1
1 n
(3  1)
81  40; n > 7.9888...
2
n=8
METHOD 2
if n = 7, sum = 13.49...; if n = 8, sum = 40.49...
n = 8 (is the smallest value)

Extra question
S7 = 13.49 S8 = 40.49
8  4 2
42. u3 = 8  8 = 18r2  r2 =    r = 
18  9  3
u1
S  ,
1 r
54
S   54 , ( 10.8)
5
Extra question
18, 12, 8, 16/3, 32/9 and 18, -12, 8, -16/3, 32/9

5
 2
u 3 2 3 2
43. S= 1  =  =
1 r  2 3 5 5
1  
 3

2
44. u1 = –12 and r =
3
 12  36
S = = or – 7.2
 2 5
1  
 3
7
45. (a) 2
r 4
r
 2 4  2 5  2 6  2 7 (accept 16 + 32 + 64 + 128)

(b) (i) METHOD 1

u1 = 24, r = 2, n = 27
2 4 ( 2 27  1)
S27 = = 2147483632
2 1
METHOD 2
30 30 3

  
r 4

r 1

r 1

2( 2 30  1)
S30 = = 2147483646
2 1
30

2
r 4
r
= 2147483646 – (2 + 4 + 8) = 2147483632

(ii) valid reason (e.g. infinite GP, diverging series), and r ≥ 1

46. (a) 5 000(1.063)n

(b) Value = $5 000(1.063)5 = $6 786.3511... = $ 6 790 to 3 s.f.
(Accept $ 6 786, or $ 6 786.35)
(c) (i) 5000(1.063)n > 10000 or (1.063)n > 2
(ii) n > 11.345...
12 years
OR
When x = 11, 1.063x = 1.9582, when x = 12, 1.063x = 2.0816
x = 12 i.e. 12 years

47. (a) $ 1000 × 1.07510 = $ 2061 (nearest dollar)

1000(1.075)(1.07510  1)
(b) 1000(1.07510 + 1.0759 + ... + 1.075) =
1.075  1
= $ 15 208 (nearest dollar)

6
C. Past paper questions (LONG)

360 240 3
48. (a) r=   = 1.5
240 160 2
(b) 2002 is the 13th year.
u13 = 160(1.5)13–1 = 20759 (Accept 20760 or 20800.)
(c) 5000 = 160(1.5)n–1

 n = 9.49  10th year  1999

OR
Using a gdc recursive
u10 = 6150
1999
1.513  1 
(d) S13 = 160   = 61958 (Accept 61960 or 62 000.)
 1.5  1 
(e) Nearly everyone would have bought a portable telephone so there
would be fewer people left wanting to buy one.
OR Sales would saturate.

49. Note: Throughout this question, the first and last terms are interchangeable.
(a) u1 = 1, n = 20, u20 = 20 (u1 = 1, n = 20, d = 1)

S20 =
1 20 20 (or S 
20
2 119 1)
2 2
S20 = 210
(b) Let there be n cans in bottom row
Sn = 3240
1 n  n  3240  n2 + n  6480 = 0
2
n = 80 or n = 81
n = 80
(c) (i) S=
1  n  n  2S = n2 + n  n2 + n  2S = 0
2
(ii) METHOD 1

Substituting S = 2100 : n2 + n  4200 = 0, 2100 =

1  n  n
2
n = 64.3, n = 65.3
n must be a (positive) integer, this equation does not have
integer solutions.
METHOD 2
Trial and error
S64 = 2080, S65 = 2145
Any valid reason which includes reference to integer being needed,
and pointing out that integer not possible here.

7
 1
50. (a) (i) Area B = , area C = 64
16
1 1
16  1 64  1 (Ratio is the same.)
(ii)
1 4 1 4
4 16
1
(iii) Common ratio =
4
1 1 5
(b) (i) Total area (S2) =   = (= 0.3125) (0.313, 3 s.f.)
4 16 16
1   1  
8
1  
4   4  
(ii) Required area = S8 =  = 0.333328 2(471...) = 0.333328 (6 s.f.)
1
1
4
1
1
(c) Sum to infinity = 4 =
1 3
1
4

51. (a) (i) PQ = AP 2  AQ 2 = 22  22 = 42  = 2 2 cm

(ii) Area of PQRS = (2 2 ) (2 2 ) =8 cm2

(b) (i) Side of third square =  2   2

2 2
= 4 = 2 cm
2
Area of third square = 4 cm
1st 16 2 nd 8 8 4 1
(ii) nd
 rd
  Geometric progression, r =  
2 8 3 4 16 8 2
10
1 16 1
(c) (i) u11 = u1r10 = 16   = = ( = 0.015625 = 0.0156, 3 s.f.)
2 1024 64
u 16
(ii) S = 1 = = 32
1– r 1– 1
2
52. (a) (i) r = 2
(ii) u15 = 3 (2)14 = 49152 (accept 49200)
(b) (i) 2, 6, 18
(ii) r=3
x 1 2 x  8
(c)   x2 + 2x + 1 = 2x2 + 2x  24  x2 = 25  x = 5 or x = 5
x  3 x 1

x = 5
1
(d) (i) r=
2
8
(ii) S= S = 16
1
1
2