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Lecture 1

This document provides an introduction to the geotechnical engineering course CE253. It outlines the course instructor, topics to be covered including soil properties, compaction, shear strength, consolidation, and recommended study materials. It also discusses major problems in geotechnical engineering related to shallow and deep foundations, embankments, and describes Karl Terzaghi as the father of soil mechanics.

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46 views18 pages

Lecture 1

This document provides an introduction to the geotechnical engineering course CE253. It outlines the course instructor, topics to be covered including soil properties, compaction, shear strength, consolidation, and recommended study materials. It also discusses major problems in geotechnical engineering related to shallow and deep foundations, embankments, and describes Karl Terzaghi as the father of soil mechanics.

Uploaded by

The Warrior
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geotechnical Engineering – I

CE253

Lecture 1: Introduction

Course instructor
Dr. RAJESWARI J S
Ad-hoc Faculty
NIT ANDHRA PRADESH
Civil Engineering
➢Structural engineering

➢Geotechnical engineering

➢Transportation Engineering

➢Water Resource Engineering

➢Environmental Engineering

2
Geotechnical Engineering
➢Geotechnical engineering - I

➢Geotechnical engineering - II

➢Ground Improvement Techniques

➢Application of geosynthetics

➢Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering


Why is Geotechnical Engineering required?

Leaning Tower of Pisa


4
Leaning twin silos caused by non-uniform settlement in the zone of
overlapping pressure bulbs 5
Malin Landslide (30th July 2014)

6
Damage due to earthquakes

7
Liquefaction

Damages after 1964 Niigata


Earthquake
8
CE253 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - 1
4 Credits

Detailed Syllabus:
Introduction: Soil formation- Major soil deposits of India. Basic Definitions and Relationships: 3-
phase soil system, Volumetric relationships, and weight-volume relationships. Determination of
Index Properties: Water content, Specific gravity, Grain size distribution by sieve and hydrometer
analysis, Relative density, Atterberg limits and indices. Classification of Soils: Classification of soil
systems – Particle size classification, Textural classification, AASHTO classification, Unified soil
classification and Indian soil classification- Field identification of soils.
Soil Water: Types of soil water, Capillarity in soils, Permeability of soils, Darcy’s law, Determination
of permeability of soils, Permeability of stratified soils, Field permeability determination, Seepage
velocity, Absolute coefficient of permeability, Factors affecting permeability- Effective stress
principle- Effective stress under different field conditions- Seepage Pressure-Flow nets, Quicksand
condition.
Compaction of Soils: Definition and importance of compaction – Standard Proctor compaction test,
Modified compaction test- Factors affecting compaction- Influence of compaction on soil properties –
Field compaction and its control, Relative compaction.

Stress distribution in Soils: Importance of estimation of stresses in soils – Boussinesq’s and


Westergaard’s theories for point loads, uniformly loaded circular and rectangular areas, pressure bulb,
variation of vertical stress under point load along the vertical and horizontal planes – Newmark’s
influence chart, Contact pressure distribution in sands and clays.

Consolidation: Types of compressibility – Immediate settlement – Primary consolidation and


secondary consolidation – Stress history of clay, Normally consolidated soil, Over consolidated soil
and under consolidated soil- preconsolidation pressure and its determination- Consolidation test,
Estimation of settlements -Terzaghi’s 1-D consolidation theory – Coefficient of consolidation and its
determination - Spring analogy.

Shear Strength: Definition and use of shear strength - Source of shear strength Normal and Shear
stresses on a plane – Mohr’s stress circle- Mohr-Coulomb failure theory- Measurement of shear
strength, Drainage conditions -Direct shear test, Triaxial shear test, Unconfined compression test and
vane shear test – Factors affecting shear strength of granular soils and cohesive soils. Skempton’s
pore pressure parameters. Introduction to stress paths.
Recommended Study Material
➢ Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics by Gopal Ranjan and A.S.R.
Rao, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 2016.

➢ Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engg by V.N.S. Murthy, CBS Pub.


New Delhi. 2007.

➢ Essentials of Soil Mechanics and Foundations – Basic Geotechnics


by David F.McCarthy, 2015, Pearson Pub., New Delhi.

➢ Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering by B.N.D. Narsinga


Rao, 2015, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

➢ Geotechnical Engineering by Debashis Moitra, 2016, University


Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad.
Recommended Study Material
➢ Craig, R.F. (2006): Craig’s Soil Mechanics, Seventh Edition, Spon
Press, Taylor and Francis Group.

➢ Braja M. Das (2006): Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Fifth


Edition, Thomson, Brooks/Cole.

➢ Karl Terzaghi, R.B. Peck, G. Mesri (1996): Soil Mechanics in


Engineering Practice, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

➢ Indian Standard Codes of Practice (IS 2720: Part 1 to 42)

➢ Relevant International Codes of Practice (ASTM,BS, etc)

➢ Site Investigation, Clayton, C.R.I, Matthews, M.C., Simons, N.E.


Evaluation Scheme
1. Assignments : 10 %
2. Tests : 10 %
3. Mid Semester : 30 %
4. End Semester : 50 %
Karl von Terzaghi
Father of Soil Mechanics

Karl von Terzaghi (2nd October, 1883- 25th October 1963)


An Austrian Mechanical Engineer, Geotechnical and Geologist
Introduction to Soil Mechanics/ Geotechnical Engineering

Soil is derived from “solum” a Latin word


- means the substratum in which the plant grows

Soil Mechanics is a discipline of Civil Engineering involving the


study of soil, its behavior and its application as an engineering
material
Soil consists of a multiphase aggregation of solid
particles, water, and air. This fundamental
composition gives rise to unique engineering
properties, and the description of its mechanical
behavior requires some of the most classic
principles of engineering mechanics.
Major Problems in Geotechnical Engineering

Questions for shallow foundations:


1. How deep into the soil?
2. Will it be necessary to lower the water table? (Dewatering)
3. Will there a danger to adjacent buildings?
4. How much would the completed building settle and would settle
uniformly?
5. For what stresses and what stress distribution should the mat of
the building be designed?
Major Problems in Geotechnical Engineering

Questions for pile foundations:


1. What type of pile should be used?
2. What is the maximum allowable load for a pile?
3. At what spacing should the pile be driven?
4. How should the piles be driven?
5. How much variation from the vertical should be permitted in a pile?
6. What is the optimum sequence for driving piles?
7. Will the driving of piles have an influence on adjacent structures?
Major Problems in Geotechnical Engineering

Questions for Embankment on Soft Soil:


1. How high a fill could be placed?
2. How fast could the fill be placed?
3. What were the maximum slopes of the fill?
4. Can the fill be placed without employing special techniques to contain or drain
the soft foundation soil?
5. How much would the fill settle?

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