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Module 5 BJT Biasing Examples

The document discusses biasing circuits for bipolar junction transistors. It provides examples of calculating currents and voltages in voltage divider bias and emitter bias circuits. It also shows how to draw the DC load line and determine the quiescent point for an example circuit. Key details include determining the Thevenin equivalent circuit values, expressing the transistor currents in terms of each other, and calculating voltages between transistor terminals.

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Ken
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110 views16 pages

Module 5 BJT Biasing Examples

The document discusses biasing circuits for bipolar junction transistors. It provides examples of calculating currents and voltages in voltage divider bias and emitter bias circuits. It also shows how to draw the DC load line and determine the quiescent point for an example circuit. Key details include determining the Thevenin equivalent circuit values, expressing the transistor currents in terms of each other, and calculating voltages between transistor terminals.

Uploaded by

Ken
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

BIASING CIRCUITS
Example 1

Determine:

a) Transistor currents
b) Transistor terminal
voltages
c) Voltages between
transistor terminals
Given is voltage divider bias circuit: Apply Thevenin’s Theorem

Thevenin’s equivalent
𝑅2
𝑉𝑇𝐻 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

11 𝑘Ω
𝑉𝑇𝐻 = 20 𝑉
11 𝑘Ω + 36 𝑘Ω

𝑉𝑇𝐻 = 4.681 𝑉

𝑅2 𝑅1
𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅2 ∥ 𝑅1 =
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

11 𝑘Ω 36 𝑘Ω
𝑅𝑇𝐻 =
11 𝑘Ω + 36 𝑘Ω

𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 8.426 𝑘Ω
a) Transistor currents: 𝑰𝑩 , 𝑰𝑪 , 𝑰𝑬
𝑰𝑪 = 𝑰 𝑩 𝜷

𝑽𝑻𝑯 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬 𝐼𝐶 = 0.0445 𝑚𝐴 80


𝑰𝑩 =
𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝟏 + 𝜷 𝑹𝑬
𝑰𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝑨

4.681 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 𝟏 + 𝜷
𝐼𝐵 =
8.426 𝑘𝛺 + 1 + 80 (1.0 𝑘𝛺)
Or 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 +𝑰𝑪
𝑰𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝑨
𝐼𝐸 = (0.0445 𝑚𝐴) 1 + 80

𝑰𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝑨
b) Transistor terminal voltages: 𝑽𝑩 , 𝑽𝑬 , 𝑽𝑪

𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑻𝑯 − 𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑻𝑯 𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪

𝑉𝐶 = 20 𝑉 − (3.560 𝑚𝐴)(1.8 𝑘𝛺)


𝑉𝐵 = 4.681 𝑉 − (0.0445 𝑚𝐴)(8.426 𝑘𝛺)
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟗𝟐 𝑽
𝑽𝑩 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝑽

𝑽𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬

𝑉𝐸 = (3.604 𝑚𝐴)(1.0 𝑘𝛺)

𝑽𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟎𝟒 𝑽
c) Voltages between transistor terminals: 𝑽𝑩𝑬 , 𝑽𝑪𝑩 , 𝑽𝑪𝑬

𝑽𝑩𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽
𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪 − 𝑽𝑬
Check: 𝑽𝑩𝑬 = 𝑽𝑩 − 𝑽𝑬
𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 13.592 𝑉 − 3.604 𝑉
✓ 𝑉𝐵𝐸 = 4.306 𝑉 − 3.604 𝑉 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟐 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽
𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝟗. 𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝑽

𝑽𝑪𝑩 = 𝑽𝑪 − 𝑽𝑩

𝑉𝐶𝐵 = 13.592 𝑉 − 4.306 𝑉

𝑽𝑪𝑩 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝑽
Example 2

Determine:

a) Transistor currents
b) Transistor terminal
voltages
c) Voltages between
transistor terminals
Given is emitter bias circuit:
a) Transistor currents: 𝑰𝑩 , 𝑰𝑪 , 𝑰𝑬

𝑽𝑬𝑬 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
𝑰𝑩 =
𝑹𝑩 + (𝟏 + 𝜷)𝑹𝑬
𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 𝟏 + 𝜷

12 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉 Or 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 +𝑰𝑪
𝐼𝐵 =
220 𝑘𝛺 + 1 + 50 (2𝑘𝛺)
𝐼𝐸 = (0.0351 𝑚𝐴) 1 + 50
𝑰𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟏𝒎𝑨
𝑰𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝑨
𝑰 𝑪 = 𝑰𝑩 𝜷

𝐼𝐶 = 0.0351 𝑚𝐴 50

𝑰𝑪 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝑨
b) Transistor terminal voltages: 𝑽𝑩 , 𝑽𝑬 , 𝑽𝑪

𝑽𝑩 = −𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩 𝑉𝐸 = −7.722 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉 = −𝟖. 𝟒𝟐𝟐 𝑽

Difference in the two computed


𝑉𝐵 = −(0.0351 𝑚𝐴)(220 𝑘𝛺)
values of 𝑽𝑬 is due to rounding.
𝑽𝑩 = −𝟕. 𝟕𝟐𝟐 𝑽
𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪
𝑽𝑬 = +𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 − 𝑽𝑬𝑬 or 𝑽𝑬 = 𝑽𝑩 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬 𝑉𝐶 = 12 𝑉 − (1.755 𝑚𝐴)(5.1 𝑘𝛺)
𝑉𝐸 = 1.790 𝑚𝐴 2 𝑘𝛺 − 12 𝑉 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟎 𝑽
𝑽𝑬 = −𝟖. 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑽
c) Voltages between transistor terminals: 𝑽𝑩𝑬 , 𝑽𝑪𝑩 , 𝑽𝑪𝑬

𝑽𝑩𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽
𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪 − 𝑽𝑬
Check: 𝑽𝑩𝑬 = 𝑽𝑩 − 𝑽𝑬
𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 3.050 𝑉 − (−8.420 𝑉)
✓ 𝑉𝐵𝐸 = (−7.722 𝑉) − −8.420 𝑉 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟖 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽
𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟕 𝑽

𝑽𝑪𝑩 = 𝑽𝑪 − 𝑽𝑩

𝑉𝐶𝐵 = (3.050 𝑉) − (−7.722 𝑉)

𝑽𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟐 𝑽


Example 3

Draw the DC load line


By KVL around C-E loop:

𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 0

For y-intercept 𝐼𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑡 , set 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 0

So,
𝑉𝐶𝐶 5𝑉
𝐼𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑡 = =
𝑅𝐶 2.2 𝑘Ω

𝑰𝑪𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝑨 ≅ 𝟐. 𝟑 𝒎𝑨

For x-intercept 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 , set 𝐼𝐶 = 0

So,

𝑽𝑪𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒇𝒇 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 = 𝟓 𝑽
For the coordinates of the Quiescent point (𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 and 𝐼𝐶𝑄 ):

𝐼𝐶𝑄 = β𝐼𝐵𝑄 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶𝑄 𝑅𝐶

By KVL around B-E loop:

𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵𝑄 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸𝑄 = 0

5 𝑉 − 𝐼𝐵𝑄 180 𝑘Ω − 0.7 𝑉 = 0

𝐼𝐵𝑄 = 0.0239 𝑚𝐴

𝐼𝐶𝑄 = 50 0.0239 𝑚𝐴 = 1.195 𝑚𝐴

𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 = 5 𝑉 − 1.195 𝑚𝐴 2.2 𝑘Ω = 2.371 𝑉

Q point: 𝑽𝑪𝑬𝑸 ≅ 𝟐. 𝟒 𝑽 𝑰𝑪𝑸 ≅ 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎𝑨 𝑰𝑩𝑸 ≅ 𝟐𝟒 𝝁𝑨

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