Probability 15

Very Short Answer Type Questions  (1 mark each)

Q. 1. If a number x is chosen at random from the Ans. We know that,
numbers – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, then find the Total number of alphabets = 26
probability of x2 ≤ 4. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] Number of consonants = 21
Ans. Total outcomes = {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} Number of outcomes favourable to E
P(E) =
⇒ Number of total outcomes, n(S) = 7 Number of all possible ou
utcomes
Let A be the event of chosing a number
21
whose square is less than equal to 4. = Ans.
26 
\ A = {– 2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
Q. 5. A die is thrown once. What is the probability
⇒ n(A) = 5 of getting a number less than 3 ?
n(A) [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
\ P(x2 ≤ 4) =
n(S ) Ans. We know,
Total possible outcomes are 6
5
= Ans. i.e., {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
7  Favourable outcome are 2
Q. 2. What is the probability that a randomly i.e., {1, 2}
taken leap year has 52 Sundays? \ P (getting number less than 3)
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
Number of favourable outcomes
Ans. A leap year has 366 days =
Number of all possible outcomees
i.e. 52 × 7 + 2 days
⇒ 52 weeks will have 52 Sundays 2 1
= = Ans.
And, 2 days can be the following pairs 6 3 
of days: (Sunday, Monday), (Monday, Q. 6. If the probability of winning a game is 0.07,
Tuesday), (Tuesday, Wednesday), (Wednesday, what is the probability of losing it ?
Thursday), (Thursday, Friday), (Friday, [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
Saturday), (Saturday, Sunday). Ans. We have,
... Out of 7 possible pairs, only 2 pairs have Probability of winning a game i.e.,
Sunday and 5 pairs do not have Sunday. P(W) = 0.07
5 Probability of losing a game i.e., P(W)
... P (random leap year have 52 Sunday =
7
 =1 – P(W)
Ans. = 1 – 0.07
Q. 3. A die is thrown once. What is the probability = 0.93 Ans.
of getting a prime number?
Q. 7. A die is thrown once. What is the probability
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
of getting an even prime number?
Ans. When a die is thrown once,
[CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020]
Total number of possible outcomes = 6
Ans. We know,
Also, prime numbers from 1 to 6 = {2, 3, 5}
All possible outcomes = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 3
3 1 Favourable outcomes = {2}
\ P(prime number) = = P(even number)
6 2
No. of favourable outcomes
Q. 4. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at =
random. What is the probability that the No. of all possible outcomes
chosen letter is a consonant? 1
=
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] 6
Q. 8. A pair of dice is thrown once. What is the P(getting neither a red card nor a queen)
probability of getting a doublet ? = P(E)
[CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020] 24 6
= =
Ans. We know, 52 13
Total number of possible outcomes = 36
Q.  12. Cards marked with number 3, 4, 5, ....., 50
Favourable outcomes = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly.
(5, 5), (6, 6)} A card is drawn at random from the box.
⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 6 Find the probability that the selected card
\ P(getting a doublet) bears a perfect square number.
No. of favourable outcomes  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
=
No. of total possible outcomes Ans. Total outcomes = 3, 4, 5, ....., 50

6 1 Total no. of outcomes = 48
= =  Ans.
36 6 Possible outcomes = 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49.
Q.  9. The probability of selecting a rotten apple Let E be the event of getting a perfect
randomly from a heap of 900 apples is square number
0.18. What is the number of rotten apples No. of possible outcomes = 6
in the heap? 6 1
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017] ∴ P(E) = =
48 8
Ans. Total apples = 900 Q. 13. Two different dice are tossed together.
P(E) = 0.18 Find the probability that the product of
No. of rotten apples two numbers on the top of the dice is 6.
= 0.18  [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
Total no. of apples
Ans. When two dice are thrown simultaneous-
No.of rotten apples ly, all possible outcomes are:
= 0.18
900
 (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) 
No. of rotten apples = 900 × 0.18  
= 162  (2, 1), ( 2, 2), ( 2, 3), ( 2, 4), ( 2, 5), ( 2, 6) 
 
Q.  10. A number is chosen at random from the  (3 , 1), ( 3 , 2), ( 3 , 3), ( 3 , 4), (3 , 5), (3 , 6) 
S= 
numbers – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3. ( 4 , 1), ( 4 , 2)), ( 4 , 3), ( 4 , 4), ( 4 , 5), ( 4 , 6)
 
What will be the probability that square  (5, 1), ( 5, 2), ( 5, 3), ( 5, 4), (5, 5), (5,, 6) 
 
of this number is less then or equal to 1?  (6 , 1), (6 , 2), (6 , 3), (6 , 4), (6 , 5), (6 , 6) 
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017]
Total number of all outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36
Ans. Possible outcomes {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}, Favourable outcomes of getting the prod-
n = 7 and three numbers – 1, 0, 1 fall un- uct as 6 are:
der given condition so,
3 (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 6), (6, 1)
Required probability = Hence, number of favourable outcomes
7
getting product as 6 is 4.
Q. 11. A card is drawn at random from a well
shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Find the Probability that the product of the two
probability of getting neither a red card numbers on the top of the die is 6
nor a queen. 4 1
= =
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016] 36 9
Ans. Total number of possible outcomes = 52 Q.  14. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at
Let E be the event of getting neither a red random. Determine the probability that
card nor a queen the chosen letter is a consonant.
∴ Number of favourable outcomes = 52 – 28  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
 = 24 Ans. Refer CBSE Delhi Q. 18, Set - 1
 Short Answer Type Questions-I  (2 marks each)
9
Q. 1. A child has a die whose six faces show the + P( z) = 1
letters as shown below : 20
9
A B C D E A ⇒ P(z) = 1 −
20
The die is thrown once. What is the
20 − 9
probability of getting (i) A, (ii) D? =
20
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
Ans. Total outcomes = {A, B, C, D, E, A} 11
P(z) =
2 1 20
(i) Probability of getting A = =
6 3 No. of green marbles 11
=
Total no. of marbles 20
1
(ii) Probability of getting D = 11 11
6 =
Total no. of marbles 20
Q. 2. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters
as shown below : (... No. of green marbles = 11)
Total no. of marbles = 20
A A B C C C
The die is thrown once. What is the probability \ There are 20 marbles in the jar.
of getting (i) A, (ii) C ? [CBSE OD, Set-II, 2020] Q.  4. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability
Ans. Total outcomes = {A, A, B, C, C, C} that
2 1 (i) 5 will come up at least once.
(i) Probability of getting A = = Ans. (ii) 5 will not come up either time.
6 3 
 [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2019]
3 1
(ii) Probability of getting C = = Ans.
6 2  Ans. When two dice are thrown simulta-
neously, all possible outcomes are
Q.  3. The probability of selecting a blue marble (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
at random from a jar that contains only
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
blue, black and green marbles is 1 . The (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
5
probability of selecting a black marble at (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
1 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
random from the same jar is . If the jar
4 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
contains 11 green marbles, find the total
Total number of outcomes = 36
number of marbles in the jar.
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] (i)  Total outcomes where 5 comes up at
least once = 11
Ans. Let probabilities of selecting a blue mar- Probability that 5 will come up at least
ble, black marble and green marble are once
P(x), P(y), P(z) respectively. Total outcomes where 5 will come up
1 1 =
P(x) = , P(y) = (Given) Total number of outcomess
5 4
11
We know, =
36
P(x) + P(y) + P(z) = 1
(ii) Total outcomes where 5 will not come
1 1 up  = 36 – 11 = 25
+ + P( z) = 1
5 4 Probability that 5 will not come up either
4+5 time
+ P( z) = 1
20 = Total outcomes where 5 will not come up
Total number of outccomes
 25 Ans. Total outcomes on tossing two different
= dice = 36
36
Q.  5. A game consists of tossing a coin 3 times (i) A: getting a doublet
and noting the outcome each time. If A = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
getting the same result in all the tosses is a
success, find the probability of losing the ∴ Number of favourable outcomes of A = 6
game. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019] Favourable outcomes
Ans. When a coin is tossed three times, the set ∴ P(A) =
Total outcomes
of all possible outcomes is given by,
6 1
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT, TTH, = =
36 6
THT, THH}
(ii) B: getting a sum 10.
Same result on all tosses = HHH, TTT
No. of favourable outcomes B = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)}
P (losing game) =
Total possible outcomes ∴ Number of favourable outcomes of B = 3
6 3 Favourable outcomes
= = ∴ P(B) =
8 4 Total outcomes
3 1
Q.  6. A die is thrown once. Find the probability = =
of getting a number which (i) is a prime 36 12
number (ii) lies between 2 and 6. Q.  8. An integer is chosen at random between 1
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019] and 100. Find the probability that it is:
Ans. In throwing a die (i) divisible by 8.
Total possible outcomes = 6 (ii) not divisible by 8. [CBSE, 2018]
i.e., S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Ans. Total numbers are 2, 3, 4 ........ 99
(i) Prime numbers 2, 3, 5 (i) Let E be the event of getting a number
Favourable outcomes divisible by 8.
\ P(Prime No.) =
Total possible outcomes E = {8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72,
80, 88, 96}
3 1
= = = 12
6 2
Favourable outcomes
(ii) Numbers between 2 and 6 are 3, 4, 5 P(E) =
Total outcomes
3 1
P (Numbers between 2 and 6) = = 12
6 2 = = 0.1224
98
Q. 7. Two different dice are tossed together.
Find the probability: (ii) Let E’ be the event of getting a
(i) of getting a doublet. number not divisible by 8.
(ii) of getting a sum 10, of the numbers Then, P(E’) = 1 – P(E)
on the two dice. [CBSE, 2018] = 1 – 0.1224
= 0.8776

Short Answer Type Questions-II  (3 marks each)

Q.  1. A bag contains 15 white and some black Let no. of black balls = x
balls. If the probability of drawing a black ∴ Total balls = (15 + x)
ball from the bag is thrice that of drawing
According to the question,
a white ball, find the number of black
balls in the bag. P (Black ball) = 3 × P (White ball)
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017] ⇒ x 15
= 3×
Ans. Given, no. of white balls = 15 (15 + x ) (15 + x )
 ⇒ x = 45 ∴ Favourable outcomes = {HHT, HTH,
∴ No. of black balls in bag = 45 THH}
No. of favourable outcomes = 3
Q.  2. Two different dice are thrown together. Find
the probability that the numbers obtained 3
∴ P(E1) =
(i) have a sum less than 7 8
(ii) have a product less than 16 (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting atleast
(iii) is a doublet of odd numbers. two heads.
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017] ∴ Favourable outcomes = {HHT, HTH,
THH, HHH}
Ans. Total possible outcomes in each case=
6 × 6 = 36 No. of favourable outcomes = 4
(i) Have a sum less than 7, 4 1
∴ P(E2) = =
Possible outcomes are, 8 2
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (2, 1) (2, 2) (iii) Let E3 be the event of getting atleast
two tails.
(2, 3) (2, 4) (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (4, 1)
(4, 2) (5, 1) \ Favourable outcomes
\ n(E) = 15 = {HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
15 5 No. of favourable outcomes = 4
So , probability = =
36 12 4 1
∴ P(E3) = =
(ii) Have a product less than 16, 8 2
Possible outcomes are, Q. 4. From a pack of 52 playing cards, Jacks,
(1,1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) Queens and Kings of red colour are
removed. From the remaining, a card is
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
drawn at random. Find the probability
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) that drawn card is:
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3)  (i) a black King  (ii) a card of red
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) colour  (iii)  a card of black colour.
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 2, 2016]
(6, 1) (6, 2)
\ n(E) = 25 Ans. Since, Jacks, Queens and Kings of red
25 ­colour are removed, then,
So, probability = Total number of possible outcomes = 52 – 6
36
= 46
(iii) Is a doublet of odd no.,
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting a black
Possible outcomes are
king
(1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 5)
∴ Favourable outcomes
\ n(E) = 3
= king of spade and king of club.
3 1
P(doublet of odd no.) = = No. of favourable outcomes = 2
36 12
2 1
∴ P(E1) = =
Q.  3. Three different coins are tossed together. 46 23
Find the probability of getting (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a card
(i) exactly two heads, of red colour
(ii) at least two heads (iii) at least two
∴ Favourable outcomes = 10 cards of
tails.
heart and 10 cards of diamond.
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
No. of favourable outcomes = 20
Ans. Set of possible outcomes 20 10
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, ∴ P(E2) = =
46 23
TTH, TTT}.
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting exactly (iii) Let E3 be the event of getting a card
two heads. of black colour
 ∴ Favourable outcomes = 13 cards of 9 1
spade and 13 cards of club. ∴ P(E1) = =
36 4
No. of favourable outcomes = 26 (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a total
26 13 of 9 or 11.
∴ P(E3) = = .
46 23 Favourable outcomes
= {(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), (5, 6), (6, 5)}
Q. 5. There are 100 cards in a bag on which ⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 6
numbers from 1 to 100 are written. A 6 1
card is taken out from the bag at random. ∴ P(E2) = =
36 6
Find the probability that the number on Q. 7. Two different dice are thrown together.
the selected card (i) is divisible by 9 and Find the probability of:
is a perfect square (ii) is a prime number (i) getting a number greater than 3 on
greater than 80. each die
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 3, 2016] (ii) getting a total of 6 or 7 of the
Ans. Number of possible outcomes = 100 numbers on two dice
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting a  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 2, 2016]
number divisible by 9 and is a perfect Ans. Total outcomes =
square.
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
∴ Favourable outcomes = {9, 36, 81}
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
Number of favourable outcomes = 3
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
3
∴ P(E1) = (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
100
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a prime
number greater than 80. (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3) (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ Favourable outcomes = {83, 89, 97} ⇒ Total no. of outcomes = 36
Number of favourable outcomes = 3 (i) Let E1 be the event of getting a
number greater than 3 on each die.
3
∴ P(E2)= Favourable outcomes = {(4, 4), (4, 5),
100
(4, 6), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4),
Q. 6. In a single throw of a pair of different (6, 5), (6, 6)}
dice, what is the probability of getting (i)
⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 9
a prime number on each dice? (ii) a total
of 9 or 11? 9 1
∴ P(E1) = =
[CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016] 36 4
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a total
Ans. Total outcomes = of 6 or 7 of the numbers on two dice.
{(1, 1), (1, 2) (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) Favourable outcomes = {(1, 5), (2, 4),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1), (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (5, 2), (6, 1)}
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 11
11
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ∴ P(E2) =
36
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Q. 8. A box consists of 100 shirts of which 88
No. of outcomes = 36
are good, 8 have minor defects and 4 have
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting a prime
major defects. Ramesh, a shopkeeper will
number on each dice. buy only those shirts which are good but
Favourable outcomes = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), ‘Kewal’ another shopkeeper will not buy
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5)} shirts with major defects. A shirt is taken
⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 9 out of the box at random. What is the
probability that
 (i) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt? ⇒ x – 2y = – 10 …(ii)
(ii) ‘Kewal’ will buy the selected shirt? On multiplying equation (ii) by 3, we get
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2016]
3x – 6y = – 30 …(iii)
Ans. Let E1 be the event of selecting good
shirts by Ramesh and E2 be the event of On subtracting equation (iii) from (i)
selecting the shirts with no major defects 3x – y = 10
by ‘Kewal’. 3x – 6y = – 30
Total no. of shirts in a box = 100 – + +
(i) ... Number of good shirts = 88 5y = 40
88 22 ⇒ y=8
∴ P(E1) ==
100 25 On putting the value of y in (iii), we get
... Number of shirts with no major
(ii)  3x – 6 × 8 = – 30
defect
⇒ 3x = – 30 + 48
= 100 – 4 = 96
18
96 24 ⇒ x=
∴ P(E2) = = 3
100 25 \ x=6
Q. 9. A probability of selecting a red ball at Total number of balls = x + y + 10
random from a jar that contains only red, = 6 + 8 + 10
1
blue and orange is . The probability of = 24
4
selecting a blue ball at random from the Hence, total number of balls in the jar is 24.
1 Q.  10. A bag contains, white, black and red balls
same jar is . If the jar contains 10 orange
3 only. A ball is drawn at random from the
balls, find the total number of balls in bag. If the probability of getting a white
the jar. [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015] 3 2
Ans. Given, a jar contains red, blue and orange ball is and that of a black ball is ,
10 5
balls. then find the probability of getting a red
Let the number of red balls = x ball. If the bag contains 20 black balls,
and the number of blue balls = y then find the total number of balls in
Number of orange balls = 10 the bag. [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2015]
Then, total number of balls = x + y + 10
x Ans. Given, the probability of getting a white
Now P(a red ball) = ball
x + y + 10 3
P(W) =
1 10
But P(a red ball) = (Given) and the probability of getting a black ball
4
2
1 x P(B) =
\ = 5
4 x + y + 10
then, the probability of getting a red ball
⇒ x + y + 10 = 4x
⇒ 3x – y = 10 …(i) 3 2 10 − 3 − 4 3
P(R) = 1 − − = =
y 10 5 10 10
Similarly, 
P(a blue ball) = 2
x + y + 10 Now, of total number. of balls = 20
5
1 20 × 5
But P(a blue ball) = Total number of balls =
3 2
1 y = 50
\ = Hence, the total no. of balls in the bag is 50.
3 x + y + 10
Q. 11. Two different dice are rolled together.
⇒ x + y + 10 = 3y Find the probability of getting:
 (i) the sum of numbers on two dice to Favourable outcomes = (H, T, T), (T, H, T),
be 5. (T, T, H), (H, H, T), (H, T, H), (T, H, H),
(ii) even numbers on both dice. (T, T, T)
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015] ⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 7
Ans. Total possible outcomes when two dices 7
are rolled together = 36 \ P(getting atmost two heads) = P(E2) =
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting the sum 8
of 5 on two dice. Q. 13. All red face cards are removed from a
Then, the favourable outcomes are pack of playing cards. The remaining
(2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 4), (4, 1). cards were well shuffled and then a card
is drawn at random from them. Find the
Number of favourable outcomes = 4 probability that the drawn card is:
\ P(getting the sum of 5) = P(E1) = (i) a red card
4 1 (ii) a face card
=
36 9 (iii) a card of clubs
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting even  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2015]
numbers on both dice. Ans. Total number of possible outcomes =
Then, the favourable outcomes are 52 – 6 = 46
(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 4) (4, 6), [... No. of red face cards = 6]
(6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6) (i) Let E1 be the event of getting a red
card.
Number of favourable outcomes = 9
Favourable outcomes = 10 of heart +
\ P(getting even numbers on both
10 of diamond
dice)
9 1 ∴ No. of favourable outcomes = 20
= P(E2) = =
36 4 \ P(getting a red card) = P(E1) =
Q. 12. Three distinct coins are tossed together. 20 10
Find the probability of getting =
46 23
(i) at least 2 heads (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a face
(ii) at most 2 heads card
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 2, 2015]
\ Favourable outcomes = 3 of club + 3 of
Ans. Total number of possible outcomes = 8 spade
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting atleast
No. of favourable outcomes = 6
two heads 6 3
\ P(getting a face card) = P(E2) = =
Favourable outcomes = (H, H, T), (T, H, H), 46 23
(H, T, H), (H, H, H)
(iii) Let E3 be the event of getting a card
⇒ Number of favourable outcomes = 4 of clubs
\ P(getting atleast two heads) = P(E1) =
\ Favourable outcomes = 13 of clubs
4 1
= No. of favourable outcomes = 13
8 2 13
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting atmost \ P(getting a card of clubs) = P(E3) =
46
two heads.

Long Answer Type Questions  (4 marks each)

Q. 1. Two different dice are thrown together. Ans. When two different dice are thrown
­together
Find the probability that the numbers
Total outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36
obtained have (i) For even sum—Favourable outcomes
(i) even sum, are
(ii) even product. (1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6),
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2017] (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)
 No. of favourable outcomes = 18 Total number of possible outcomes = 16
∴ P (even sum) = Number of outcomes whose product is
Favourable outcomes less than 16 = 8

Total outcomes i.e, {1, 4, 9, 2, 8, 3, 12, 4}
8 1
18 1 ∴ Required probability = =
= = 16 2
36 2 Q.  4. A number x is selected at random from the
(ii) For even product—Favourable out­ numbers 1, 4, 9, 16 and another number y
comes are is selected at random from the numbers 1,
(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), 2, 3, 4. Find the probability that the value
(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), of xy is more than 16.
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),  [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 3, 2016]
(5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), Ans. Let x be 1, 4, 9, 16 and y be 1, 2, 3, 4.
(6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6). Now, xy = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 12, 16, 9, 18, 27,
No. of favourable outcomes = 27  36, 16, 32, 48, 64}
.. Total number of possible outcomes = 16
. P(even product) =
Favourable outcomes Number of outcomes where product is
 more than 16 = 6
Total outcomes
i.e., {18, 27, 36, 32, 48, 64}
27 3 6 3
= = ∴ Required probability = =
36 4 16 8
Q. 2. Peter throws two different dice together
Q.  5. A game of chance consists of spinning an
and finds the product of the two numbers
arrow on a circular board, divided into 8
obtained. Rina throws a dice and squares
equal parts, which comes to rest pointing
the number obtained.
at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 8 (Fig. 9),
Who has the better chance to get the
which are equally likely outcomes. What
number 25?
is the probability that the arrow will point
 [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2017] at (i) an odd number (ii) a number greater
Ans. Total possible events in case of Peter is 36 than 3 (iii) a number less than 9
favourable outcome is (5, 5)
..
. n(E) = 1 2
3
1
So, P(getting 25 as product) = 4 1
36
While total possible events in case of Rina
5 8
is 6
6 7
Favourable outcome is 5
..
. n(E) = 1
1 Fig. 9
So, P(square is 25) =  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2016]
6
1 1 Ans. Total no. of outcomes = 8
As > , so Rina has better chance. (i) Let E1 be the event of getting an odd
6 36
number
Q. 3. A number x is selected at random from ∴ Favourable outcomes = 1, 3, 5, 7
the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. Another number ⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 4
y is selected at random from the numbers 4 1
1, 4, 9 and 16. Find the probability that ∴ P(E1) = =
8 2
product of x and y is less than 16.
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2016] number greater than 3.
Ans. Let x be 1, 2, 3 or 4 ∴ Favourable outcomes = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
and y be 1, 4, 9 or 16. ⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 5
Now, xy = {1, 4, 9, 16, 2, 8, 18, 32, 3, 12, 27, 5
∴ P(E2) =
 48, 4, 16, 36, 64} 8
 (iii) Let E3 be the event of getting a 8
number less than 9. P=
52
∴ Favourable outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
 6, 7, 8 2
P=
⇒ No. of favourable outcomes = 8 13
8 Q. 7. A box contains 20 cards numbered from
∴ P(E3) = = 1 1 to 20. A card is drawn at random from the
8
Q. 6. A card is drawn at random from a well- box. Find the probability that the number
shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the on the drawn card is:
probability that the card drawn is (i) divisible by 2 or 3
(i) A card of spade or an ace (ii) a prime number
(ii) A black king  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 1, 2015]
(iii) Neither a jack nor a king Ans. Total number of outcomes = 20
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting a
(iv) Either a king or a queen number divisible by 2 or 3.
 [CBSE OD, Term 2, Set 1, 2015] Then, favourable outcomes = 2, 4, 6,
Ans. Let S be the sample space of drawing a 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 3, 9, 15.
card from a well-shuffled deck Number of favourable outcomes = 13
Then, S = 52 \ P(getting a no. divisible by 2 or 3)
(i) T  here are 13 spade cards and 4 acs in a 13
= P(E1) =
deck. As a ace of spade is included in 20
13 spade cards (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a prime
So, there are 13 spade cards and 3 ace’s number.
Then, favourable outcomes = 2, 3, 5,
A card of spade or an ace can be drawn in
7, 11, 13, 17, 19.
13 + 4 – 1 = 16 (ways) Number of favourable outcomes = 8
Probability of drawing a card of spade or \ P(getting a prime number) =
an ace 8 2
16 4  P(E2) = =
P= = 20 5
52 13 Q. 8. A bag contains 25 cards numbered from
(ii) There are 2 black king cards in a deck. 1 to 25. A card is drawn at random from
Probability of drawing a black king the bag. Find the probability that the
number on the drawn card is:
2
P= (i) divisible by 3 or 5
52 (ii) a perfect square number.
1  [CBSE Delhi, Term 2, Set 3, 2015]
P=
26 Ans. Total number of possible outcomes = 25
(iii) There are 4 jack and 4 king cards in a (i) Let E1 be the event of getting a
deck. number divisible by 3 or 5.
So, there are 52 – 8 = 44 cards which are Favourable outcomes = {3, 6, 9, 12,
neither jack nor king 15, 18, 21, 24, 5, 10, 20, 25}
∴ Number of favourable outcomes
Probability of drawing a card which is
= 12
neither a jack nor a king \ P(getting a no. divisible by 3 or 5)
44 12
P= P(E1) =
52 25
11 (ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a perfect
P=
13 square number.
(iv) There are 4 queen and 4 king cards in Favourable outcomes = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
a deck. \ Number of favourable outcomes = 5
So, there are 8 cards which are either king
or queen. \ P(getting a perfect square number)
Probability of drawing a card which is 5 1
P(E2) = =
­either king or a queen 25 5