Contemporary

World
(2GED-SS05)

A toolkit for NLEC 3

Prof. Rachel C. Payapaya

Term 3, 2022-2023
 Module 1

Introduction to Globalization

https:// graphicriver.net/
item/world-globe- cartoon/25786769

What to Learn
In this
module, different
definitions of globalization will be discussed. It will also give information about the theories,
origin and the history of globalization. Activities are prepared to to help achieve the objectives
set.

Objectives
1. Define and explain globalization;
2. Identify and explain the varied globalization dimensions and concepts;
3. Analyze the observed present local and international society to look on the
existence of globalization; and
4. Enumerate and explain the positive and the negative aspects of globalization
according to the status quo and by personal observations of the reality.

Ask
1. What is GLOBALIZATION? Is it a concept that all kinds of people can easily comprehend and explain?
2. Do you think you need to study about the world? Is it abstract to study our world? or something that is
significant to human life?
3. What forces drive globalization? Are you experiencing or observing all these? How?
4. What is your understanding about the WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS? In what generation of
the industrial revolutions are we in now? Express your understanding...
5. How is globalization existing in your local place? How about in the International stage?

Analyze

Activity 1
Direction: Look and analyze the four images below which are related to the concept of
globalization.

 ![image][5d3e541630c5ac11e6001192] https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/global-economy

http://getdrawings.com/global-warming-clipart http://clipart-library.com/clipart/375794.htm

Activity 2
Direction: Watch https://youtu.be/xPD477FuqtY about globalization.

Activity 3
Direction: Identify and explain the varied globalization dimensions and concepts.

How do you define GLOBALIZATION in the aspects of:

1. Politics?
2. Culture?
3. Socio-Economic or Economic aspects?
4. Technology?

...can you cite more?

Peruse

GLOBALIZATION

Globalization encompasses a multitude of processes that involve economy, political

systems, and culture. Social structures, therefore, are directly affected by globalization. (Al-
Rhodan 2006)

It can be said that some view globalization to be a positive phenomenon. For instance,
Swedish Journalist Thomas Larson (2001) saw globalization as "the process of world shrinkage, of
distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing ease with which
somebody on one side of the world can interact, to mutual benefit with somebody on the other side
of the world."

Human beings have encountered many changes over the last century especially in their
social relationships and social structures. Of these changes, one can say that globalization is a
very important change, if not, the "most important" (Bauman 2003). The reality and omnipresence
of globalization make us see ourselves as part of what we refer to as the "global age" (Albrow
1996).

Globalization has become a fashion concept that explains the changes experienced in the
world and which is accepted as the reason of the transformations. While the concept of
globalization is defined in this sense, the meanings of globalization in different dimensions have
emerged. When the definitions of globalization are analyzed, it is seen that the definitions that
prioritize economic expansions are examined more. The common feature of the definitions that
evaluate the phenomenon of globalization economically is that it emphasizes the increase in
foreign investments, the increasing importance of multinational companies, the economical
interdependence of countries and increasing unlimited capital flows. Another point of view that
draws attention in the definitions regarding globalization is the definitions that address the process
in a multi-dimensional manner.

Looking at these definitions; It is understood that technological innovations, cultural change

and homogenization, the joining of localities in different parts of the world, migration movements
liberalized between borders and the transformations in the political field are emphasized from
different perspectives. Apart from these definitions, globalization has been defined by some
thinkers in terms of expressing the new world order and revealing the new conditions of
imperialism. These

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definitions are more important in terms of understanding an anti-globalization perspective. This
approach, which interprets globalization as a new form of capitalist ideology and a new form of
colonialist understanding, reveals the fact that anti-globalization is in this sense anti-capitalism.
Although the concept of globalization is defined in the basic sense as the integration of the world
and the spread of common values across the world, definitions differ according to the emphasis
made on the changes and transformations in different dimensions caused by globalization.
Globalization refers to processes of international integration arising from the interchange of world
views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. (Barakat 2014)

DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Economic Globalization

It refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital,

services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic
integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies
across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of
goods, services, technologies and capital. Economic globalization primarily
comprises the globalization of production, finance, markets, technology,
organizational regimes, institutions, corporations, and labour.

Political Globalization

It refers to the growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and
complexity. That system includes national governments, their
governmental and intergovernmental organizations as well as
government-independent elements of global civil society such as
international non-governmental organizations and social movement
organizations. One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the
declining importance of the nation-state and the rise of other actors on the
political scene. The creation and existence of the United Nations has been
called one of the classic examples of political globalization.

Cultural Globalization

It refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the

world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This
process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have
been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media, and international
travel. This has added to processes of commodity exchange and
colonization which have a longer history of carrying cultural meaning
around the globe. The circulation of cultures enables individuals to
partake in extended social relations that cross national and regional
borders. The creation and expansion of such social relations is not
merely observed on a material level. Cultural globalization involves the formation of shared norms
and knowledge with which people associate their individual and collective cultural identities. It
brings increasing interconnectedness among different populations and cultures.

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 Globalization and Technology

Technological developments are conceived as the main facilitator

and driving force of most of the globalization processes. Before
elaborating on the consequences of several technological
developments, we must go through the definition of technology as a
sociological term, so that we can further explore the social and
political role of technology in the globalization process.

Technology can be defined as the socialized knowledge of producing

goods and services. We can describe the term technology with five
important elements: production, knowledge, instruments, possession
and change. Our definition of technology as a socialized knowledge
can be better conceived with these elements.

Social Globalization

Social globalisation refers to the sharing of ideas and information

between and through different countries. 

In today’s world, the Internet and social media is at the heart of this.
Good examples of social globalisation could include internationally
popular films, books and TV series. The Harry Potter/ Twilight films
and books have been successful all over the world, making the
characters featured globally recognisable. However, this cultural
flow tends to flow from the centre (i.e. from developed countries such as the USA to less
developed countries). Social globalisation is often criticised for eroding cultural differences.

Environmental Globalization

Environmental globalization involves an intensifying, deepening and

expansion of global networks leading to increasing global uniformity
and connectedness in regular environmental management practices.
It has so far been neglected, differing from the environmental
outcomes of economic globalization, and from the rise of global
environmental governance. 

Military Globalization

Defined by David Held as “the process which embodies the growing

extensity and intensity of military relations among the political units of
the world system. Military globalization implies firmer integration
of armed forces around the world into the global military system.

5
 Explore

Activity 3
Direction: Watch the video https://youtu.be/v9rZOa3CUC8 and answer the following questions:

3.1 Examine the timeline span and gaps of and between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
Industrial Revolutions. What do you observe? Express your idea.
3.2 What does the multimedia material tell us? In which Generation among the 4
revolutions you are in?

Activity 4
Direction: Define and explain globalization by acrostic to express personal understanding about
the concept. You may think any word that is connected to any globalization concepts by which
letters shall be used in crafting their self-definitions.

Criteria:
 10 points max - factual, complete, accurate, concise, comprehensive, and efficient relay of
ideas.
 5 points max - Proper technical use of the Acrostic strategy.
 5 points max - level of participation to the group discussion and knowledge construction

Activity 5
Direction: Analyze the present local and international society to look on the existence of
globalization

5.1 Think or recall the trending or most remembered, phenomenal, and/or sensational
national and international news recently. Do they pertain to any aspects of Globalization?
Cite and explain.

5.2 How about in your locality? Can you think of recent events or situations which give
you the idea that the trace of Globalization is really existent even in the smallest units of our
economy and society? Justify.

Activity 6
Direction: Watch this short clip: https://youtu.be/9sRgtggNj0M before answering Activity 7.

Activity 7
Direction: GOOD-balization? or Glo-BAD-lization
In groups, enumerate and explain each positive and the negative aspect of globalization according
to the status quo and by your personal observations of the reality. Present your ideas in the class
through visual comparison map/diagram or graphic organizer.

6
 Assess

Activity 8
Direction: Answer the following:

8.1 Are societies in the world becoming more similar (homogeneous) or more different
(heterogeneous)?
8.2 What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of homogenization of culture?
How about heterogenization?
8.3 How is studying globalization helpful to the community members in adapting to the
present life under the ‘curse’ of the Pandemic?
8.4 What are the greatest challenges of GLOBALIZATION in your local place? Cite and
Explain each.
8.5 Do you think that the Philippines is being harmed as other countries transfer their
activities to us also known as outsourcing?
8.6 How do you assess globalization in the sphere of production?
8.7 Does the position of US and China as giants in the economic chain threaten the status
of less developed countries in the global market?

7
Sa ating panahon, ang midya ay nauungkat kapag
ang paksang pag-uusap at ugnayan (komunikasyon) ay
tinatalakay. Bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon o kabatiran, ang midya ang nag-uugnay
sa naghahatid (sender) ng mensahe at tumatanggap
(receiver) nito. Kaya naman natatalakay sa usaping
midya ang mga sumusunod: 1) ang mga uri ng
pakikipag-ugnayan o komunikasyon, 2) ang ibat-ibang
uri ng midya bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon, 3) ang hayag na impormasyon o
nilalaman na mensahe ng komunikasyon, at 4) ang
pahiwatig o di-hayag na mensahe na nasa likod ng
midya at sa likod ng mga tao o institusyon na
gumagamit ng midya
Sa ating panahon, ang midya ay nauungkat kapag
ang paksang pag-uusap at ugnayan (komunikasyon) ay
tinatalakay. Bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon o kabatiran, ang midya ang nag-uugnay
sa naghahatid (sender) ng mensahe at tumatanggap
(receiver) nito. Kaya naman natatalakay sa usaping
midya ang mga sumusunod: 1) ang mga uri ng
pakikipag-ugnayan o komunikasyon, 2) ang ibat-ibang
uri ng midya bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon, 3) ang hayag na impormasyon o
nilalaman na mensahe ng komunikasyon, at 4) ang
pahiwatig o di-hayag na mensahe na nasa likod ng
midya at sa likod ng mga tao o institusyon na
gumagamit ng midya.
Sa ating panahon, ang midya ay nauungkat kapag
ang paksang pag-uusap at ugnayan (komunikasyon) ay
tinatalakay. Bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon o kabatiran, ang midya ang nag-uugnay
sa naghahatid (sender) ng mensahe at tumatanggap
(receiver) nito. Kaya naman natatalakay sa usaping
midya ang mga sumusunod: 1) ang mga uri ng
pakikipag-ugnayan o komunikasyon, 2) ang ibat-ibang
uri ng midya bilang imbakan at daluyan ng
impormasyon, 3) ang hayag na impormasyon o
nilalaman na mensahe ng komunikasyon, at 4) ang
pahiwatig o di-hayag na mensahe na nasa likod ng
midya at sa likod ng mga tao o institusyon na
gumagamit ng m