N01/430/H(2)M

INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
BACCALAURÉAT INTERNATIONAL
BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL

MARKSCHEME

November 2001

PHYSICS

Higher Level

Paper 2

18 pages
 –6– N01/430/H(2)M

SECTION A

recognise to use P = I R ;
2
A1. (a) [1]
correct substitution to give P = 1.8 W; [1]
[2 max]

error in I = 4 % ;
2
(b) [1]
error in I 2 R = 14 % ; [1]
therefore absolute uncertainty = ! 0.3 W; [1]
[3 max]

2.5
(c)
2.0

1.5
P/W
1.0

0.5

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R/ Ω

labelled axes with correct units; [1]

suitable scale (should fill at least half the grid); [1]
data points (zero point must be included); [1]
best fit line; [1]
[4 max]

(d) 4 ! ( ! 1!) [1 max]

(e) yes; [1]

because of the large error in determining the actual maximum of the graph; [1]
OWTTE;
[2 max]
 –7– N01/430/H(2)M

A2. (a) (i) use v = 2 gh to get 4.0 m s-1 [1 max]

(ii) use v = 2 gh to get 3.5 m s-1 [1 max]

(iii) "p = m"v = 0.2 % 7.5; [1]

= 1.5 N s; [1]
(Award [1] for 0.1 N s and use e.c.f. in (b) below.)
[2 max]

(b) (i) the total change in momentum (accept impulse) [1 max]

1
(ii) total momentum = 50 × ∆t = 1.5 N s ; [1]
2
to give "t = 0.06 s; [1]
e.c.f. from above gives "t = 0.004 s;
[2 max]

Mm
A3. (a) combine F = mg0 = G 2
; [1]
Rp
2
GM = g0 R p ; [1]
2
M g0 Rp
substitute in V = −G to get V = − ; [1]
R R
[3 max]

(b) (i) from the graph when R = 2.5 ×106 m, V = −9.8 ( ±0.2 ) ×106 J kg −1 ; [1]
V
substitute into g 0 = to give g 0 = 3.9 m s -2 ( ±0.3m s -2 ) ; [1]
Rp
[2 max]

(ii) distance from the centre = 5.5 ×106 m

and ; V at 5.5 × 106 m = 4.2 × 106 J kg −1 [1]
change in potential = ( 9.8 − 4.4 ) ×106 J kg −1 = 5.4 ( ±0.4 ) ×106 J kg −1 ; [1]
gain in PE of satellite = 3000 × 5.6 ×106 J kg −1 ; [1]
= 1.7 ×1010 J ;
If they use 3.0×106 m from the centre the answer is 5.4×10 9 J .
(Award [2] out of [3] for this answer.)
[3 max]
 –8– N01/430/H(2)M

A4. (a) 14
7 N +10 n = 146 C +11 H [1 max]

(b) (i) since C-14 is radioactive it will transmute to another element [1 max]
OWTTE

(ii) use A = A0 e− λt ; [1]

0.7
#= ; [1]
5600
5600 13.2
t = log e ; [1]
0.7 15.5
to give t = 1300 years; [1]

Alternatively,
use A = A0 e− λt [1]
A0 15.5
= e λt = = 1.17 ; [1]
A 13.2
λt = 0.16, λt 1 = 1n2=0.69 ; [1]
2

0.16
t= × 5600 = 1300 years ; [1]
0.19

Whichever method, essentially award [1] for the right equation, [2] for a
reasonable attempt at the arithmetic, and [1] for the correct answer.

If they try and attempt to answer by estimating the fraction of half-lives

2.3
× 5600 = 1700 years then award a maximum of [2] - [1] for the idea
7.75
and [1] for the ‘correct’ arithmetic.
[4 max]

(c) the coal is ‘older’ than several half-lifes; [1]

so activity is too weak to detect; [1]
OWTTE;
[2 max]
 –9– N01/430/H(2)M

SECTION B

B1. Part 1

(a) (i) 400 g [1 max]

(ii) Q = mL = 0.4 × 2.3 ×106 (i.e. formula and correct substitution) [1]
= 9.2 ×105 J ; [1]
[2 max]

energy
(iii) rate = ; [1]
time
9.2 ×105 ; [1]
=
900
! 1000 W
[2 max]

(iv) because of all the energy losses to the surroundings [1 max]

OWTTE;

dQ dθ
(b) use = − kA ; [1]
dt dx

200 × 5 ×10−2 × dθ
correct substitution 1000 = ; [1]
6 ×10−3
to give dθ = 0.6 "C ; [1]
[3 max]

(c) Any sensible discussion of appropriate physics e.g. [2]

only a small amount of the base is actually in contact with the burner;
so there will be a layer of air between the burner and the base that accounts for
most of the temperature drop (or air is a poor conductor)
aluminum is a good conductor
flame has to be a higher temperature than base for energy transfer to take place;
[2 max]

(d) energy supplied to water = 1000 × 315 J ; [1]

energy used to heat water = 4200 × 70 ; [1]
and aluminium = 0.25 × s × 70 ; [1]
(1000 × 315 − 4200 × 70 )
therefore s = = 1200 J kg -1 K -1 ; [1]
( 0.25 × 70 )
[4 max]
 – 10 – N01/430/H(2)M

B1. Part 2

(a) no change; [1]

because temperature is constant; [1]
[2 max]

(b) 450 J; [1]

since there is no change in dU then dQ=dW; [1]
OWTTE;
[2 max]

(c) ∆W = p∆V ; [1]

−3
p = 10 , ∆V = 3 ×10 ;
5
[1]
therefore ∆W = 300 J ; [1]
[3 max]

(d) from ∆Q = ∆U + ∆W , − 800 = ∆U − 300 ; [1]

to give ∆U = −500 J ; [1]
Note that the negative sign is necessary (or ‘decreased by’) so deduct [1] if no
negative sign.
[2 max]

(e) the work done is zero; [1]

therefore energy absorbed is equal to change of internal energy from Y → Z = 500 J ; [1]
[2 max]

(f) net work done by the gas; [1]

= 0.5 ×105 × 3 ×10−3 = 150 J ; [1]
[2 max]

(g) total work done = 150 J, total energy absorbed = 950 J; [1]
150
Eff = = 0.16 ; [1]
950
Q − QC
or by Eff = H ; [1]
QH

=
( 950 − 800 ) = 0.16
; [1]
950
[2 max]
 – 11 – N01/430/H(2)M

B2. Part 1

(a)
friction
normal
reaction

weight

50"

[1] for each correctly drawn and named force [3 max]

2s
(b) (i) calculation of acceleration from a = ; [1]
t2
to give a = 2.47 m s -2 ; [1]
[2 max]

(ii) component of weight down the plane = M g sin 50" [1]

= 7.51 M [1]
(Do not penalise for omission of unit)
[2 max]

(c) F = µk N ; [1]
= µ k Mg cos 50" = 6.31 M µ k ; [1]
(Do not penalise for omission of unit)
[2 max]

(d) accelerating force = M ( 7.51 − 6.31µ k ) ; [1]

= M × 2.47 (mass % acceleration) [1]
to give µ k = 0.80 ; [1]
[3 max]

(e) recognise that µs = tan θ ; [1]

to give µs = 0.84; [1]
[2 max]
 – 12 – N01/430/H(2)M

B2. Part 2

(a)
FB

FE

electric; [1]
magnetic; [1]
[2 max]

(b) (i) electric force FE = qE [1 max]

(ii) magnetic force FB = Bqv [1 max]

(c) for no deflection FE = FB ; [1]

E
to give v = ; [1]
B
[2 max]

(d) (i) at any point along the path the magnetic force is at right angles
to the velocity of the ion;
[1]
and the speed of the ion is constant;
[1]
OWTTE;
e.g. ‘there is a force acting at right angles to the velocity of the ion and
this will produce a constant centripetal acceleration since the velocity is
constant’.
An answer such as ‘the force is at right angles’ would be worth [1].
Look for a bit more detail for [2].
[2 max]

Mv 2
(ii) Bqv = ; [1]
r
Mv
to give r = ; [1]
Bq
[2 max]
 – 13 – N01/430/H(2)M

(e) diagram should show:

ion source and ion accelerator; [1]
velocity selector; [1]
region of uniform magnetic field; [1]
separation of paths of isotopes; [1]

description should:
mention the principle of crossed fields for velocity selection; [1]
the reason for velocity selection i.e. r will depend only on M; [1]

The diagram and description should be taken together and the marks need not
necessarily be apportioned [4] + [2]. The above scheme essentially shows what
should be mentioned to get full marks.
[6 max]
 – 14 – N01/430/H(2)M

B3. Part 1

(a) let d = kv 2 ; [1]

choose v = 20, d = 60 to give k = 0.15 ; [1]
choose v = 30, d = 135 to give k = 0.15 ; [1]
since k is the same d is proportional to v 2 ; [1]
(i.e. they should show that they understand the proportionality and then use two
points to verify this proportionality.)
[4 max]

(b) candidates could use a KE – work done argument or kinematic argument

1
e.g. ∆ ( KE ) = mv 2 = Fd ; [1]
2
where F is the braking force; [1]
if the braking force F is constant then d ∝ v 2 ; [1]

or

if F is constant than a is constant; [1]

so v 2 = u 2 + 2ad ; [1]
v = 0 therefore d ∝ u 2 ; [1]
[3 max]

(c) (i) from the graph d = 60 m; [1]

average speed = 10 m s −1 ; [1]
60
t= = 6.0s ; [1]
10
or
from the graph d=60 m; [1]
use v 2 = u 2 + 2ad to give a = 3.3 m s -2 ; [1]
use v = u + at to give t = 6.1 s (6.0 s); [1]
[3 max]

(ii) use v 2 = u 2 + 2ad to find a ; [1]

to give a = 3.3 m s -2 ; [1]
use F = m a to give F = 5000 N ; [1]
If they have calculated a in (i) then this is easier for them!
or
1
use Fd = mv 2 ; [1]
2
1
(1500 ) × ( 20 ) ;
2
= [1]
2
to give F = 5000 N ; [1]
[3 max]
 – 15 – N01/430/H(2)M

(d) reaction time or thinking time; [1]

explanation of what this is; [1]
(i.e. something like ‘when a driver sees an incident that causes him to brake it
takes some time before he reacts’ receives [2] but just ‘reaction time’ receives [1])
[2 max]

(e) 300

250

200

d 150

100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
v

rough correct shape; [1]

explanation: reaction time is constant; [1]
therefore each point on the braking distance graph will be increased by an amount
proportional to the speed; [1]
OWTTE;
[3 max]
 – 16 – N01/430/H(2)M

B3. Part 2

(a) Answers will be open ended but a good answer should mention the following points:
the Einstein theory says that light consists of photons and the energy of each
photon is dependent on the frequency of the light; [1]
a minimum amount of energy is required to remove an electron from a metal; [1]
the frequency of red light is such that photons do not possess this minimum
energy; [1]
and so no electrons are emitted and no current will be registered; [1]
UV photons have enough energy to emit electrons and so a current is registered; [1]
[4 max]

(b) 8

2
Vs / V
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
-2

-4
f /1015 Hz

straight line graph [1 max]

(Do not deduct the mark if the graph has not been extrapolated to f = 0
but it must go to Vs = 0 for the mark.)

(c) (i) recognise that f 0 is the intercept on the f axis at VS = 0; [1]

f 0 = 6.0 ( ±1.0 ) ×1014 Hz ; [1]
[2 max]

(ii) recognise that the equation of the line is Ve = hf − φ ; [1]

h
slope = ; [1]
e
= 4.1( ±0.3) ×10−15
to give h = 6.6 ( ±0.4 ) ×10−34 J s ; [1]
[3 max]

(iii) work function found from V intercept = 2.6 V ! 0.4V; [1]

to give 2.6 eV (!0.4 eV); [1]
(Do not penalise for negative value)
could also calculate from the value of h above and f 0 , φ = hf 0 ; [1]
= 2.6 eV; [1]
[2 max]
 – 17 – N01/430/H(2)M

B4. (a) #

# on diagram [1 max]

(b) # = 3 cm [1 max]

(c) (i) period = 0.1 s; [1]

so in 0.05 s wavefront will move 1.5 cm (half a wavelength); [1]
[2 max]

(ii) negative cosine graph [1 max]

(d) each point on a wave front acts as a source of secondary ‘wavelets’; [1]
the envelope of waves from these point sources, in the forward direction, forms
the new wave front; [1]
OWTTE;
[2 max]

(d) P B D
––
––––––––––

––

Q
––
––

i r
––
––
–

A C

diagram should show incident angle øQAP and reflected angle øPAD correctly
labelled; [1] + [1]
and correct position of reflected wave front CD; [1]
explanation: In the time that B reaches C the wavelet from A will have reached D; [1]
since the waves travel in the same medium AD = BC; [1]
and since øABC = øADC = 90 ;
"
[1]
then "ABC h "ADC; [1]
hence angle i = angle r; [1]
(i.e. clear diagram in conjunction with good explanation will receive [8].)
[8 max]
 – 18 – N01/430/H(2)M

(e) (i) recognise that the refractive index is ratio of the speeds; [1]
to give n = 1.5; [1]
sin r
use 1.5 = ; [1]
sin 35"
to give r = 59" ; [1]
(If they get i and r the wrong way round to give r = 22 then award [2] out of [4].)
"

[4 max]

(ii) the wave fronts will be totally reflected at the boundary; [1]
since critical angle = sin −1   ;
1
[1]
n
= 42 ;
"
[1]
hence waves are incident at an angle greater than the critical angle; [1]
[4 max]

(f) (i) 3.35 m; [1]

for destructive interference at Y the path difference between the waves
must be half a wavelength (½ #) [1]
[2 max]

(ii) will decrease; [1]

since # goes down; [1]
and therefore path difference will be smaller; [1]
OWTTE;
[3 max]

(iii) a sound of frequency 442 Hz; [1]

with a beat frequency of 4 Hz; [1]
or something like ‘a sound frequency 442 Hz which varies in intensity with
a regular frequency of 4 Hz”. Note that a qualitative answer scores zero
marks.
[2 max]