NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
NEW LUCENA, ILOILO
Readiness of Grade 12 Smaw Learners for taking national certificates NC1
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
New Lucena National Comprehensive High School
New Lucena, Iloilo
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2
Turba Carl Alwyne Sudario Joelouis
Paniza Apostol Novie Nalunat Fortunato
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Presently, in K to 12, Technical – Vocational courses are offered as per Training Regulations (TR )
conceded by TESDA, as an essential accomplice of Dep Ed. A Certificate of Competency (COC) or a
National Certificate Level I (NC I) will be given to a learner after completing a Grade 12 course and a
National Certificate Level II (NC II) in the wake of completing a Technical - Vocational Livelihood Track in
Grade 12 when he/she passes the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) based
on the competency he/she practiced. Indeed, NC I and NC II attract employability of graduates in the
fields of Agriculture, Electronics, Trade, and Construction and give students a choice to business, work,
or additional training. In spite that the point of K to 12 has offered long haul benefits among the
students, there were problems experienced. In this way, the school must direct a review on the issues
experienced by Grade 12 student s in TVL (SMAW) class and perform needs investigation so that the
school itself would have the capacity to part their assets in light of needs, accessibility to the students.
This investigation is supported on the theory of Skill Acquisition where it Depends on the adaptive
Control of Thought model (ACT) which says that grown-ups initiate getting learned of something
through essentially explicit processes, and through consequent adequate practice and presentation,
continue to implicit processes (Vanpatten and Benati, 2010). The fundamental of Skill Acquisition
Theory, as by Dekeyser (2007), shows that the learning of a wide assortment of abilities demonstrates
an exceptional likeness being developed from an initial representation of the information through initial
changes in conduct to inevitable familiar, unconstrained, to easy and exceptionally gifted conduct, and
that this arrangement of phenomena can be accounted for by a lot of essential basic standa.
Statement of the problem
Determine this study aims to Readiness of Grade 12 Smaw Learners for taking
National Certificates NC1
More specifically it seek to answer the following questions
1.Determined the profile of the respondent based on age.
2.Determined what is the level of academic performance in welding of grade 12
smaw in terms of:
2.1 age; and
2.2 sex
3.What the level Readiness of Grade 12 Smaw Learners in taking nc1 when
grouped according to age and sex and as whole?
4.Is there are significant difference between the level of Readiness of Grade 12
Smaw Learners in taking nc1 when grouped according to age and sex and as
whole?
Hypothesis
Base in the foregoing research objectives, the researcher identified the following
hypothesis
1.There is no significant difference between the Readiness of Grade 12 Smaw
Learners in taking nc1 when grouped according to age and sex and as whole.
Significant of the study
The research considers this study significant because the datacan provide information about the
compliance of grade 12 TVL SMAWstudents in observing safety in the work area.
NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL–The findings of the study willserve as a basis
to strengthen the program of the agency regarding to
COMPLIANCE OF GRADE 12 TVL SMAW STUDENTS OBSERVING SAFETY IN WORK AREA This will help
students to be sure of what they want to become in the future.
Teacher - Instructors might contribute to enhancing their students' academic success by
attending to their SMAW needs with the knowledge they would learn from the study, which
would enable them to do more than simply teach knowledge on the subjects for which they
were responsible.
Students - Students' potential to produce higher-quality welds can be improved with a greater
understanding of what it means to have proficient welding abilities. The study's findings may be applied
to future welding research.
Parents - Parents may provide their children with additional financial aid to pay expenditures
in addition to providing support and being informed of the potential benefits and drawbacks of
being a welding student.
Theoritical framework
According to Welding theory of ( Coffin , 1890 )SMAW is one of the oldest types of welding
influence of the weld strengths at high process speeds by use of lasers with adjustable intensity
distribution. The arc welding process uses an electrical arc that forms between an electrode
and the base metal to generate a temperature of around 6,500 degrees. However, if you are a
new or relatively new to stick welding vertically, assume that you need to hold you electrode at
a 90-degree angle from the plate and be sure to oscillate back and forth slightly as you travel to
properly fill the joint. The SMAW process uses an electric circuit that supports a welding arc to
convert electric line power or fuel into heat.
Conceptual framework
Independent Dependent
1.Age
2.Sex Readiness level in taking nc1
3.Academic Performance
Scope and limitations
In order to better understand the welding skills of SMAW grade 12 students at NEW LUCENA NATIONAL
COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL (NLNCHS), a study was conducted. Twenty-five (25) SMAW students
who attended NLNCHS in the academic year 2022–2023 served as the study's respondents. Their age
and practical skill were specifically assessed in this investigation. A survey was given out to get specific
data on their welding skills.
Definitions of terms
Ability to Follow Directions: Definition.
Follows instructions verbally and/or in writing carefully. If clarification is required, asks. follows safety
regulations. merely need basic explanation and minimum monitoring (www.cscc.edu/academics).
Age.
The duration of an object or person's existence. (www.google.com.ph)
in this study, age refers to a person's age at the time of their birth.
The use of safety practices.
Academic Performance.
To evaluate academic performance success, the overall average grade and the average grade from the
preceding semesters are considered.
In this study, Academic performance in this study relates to the degree to which short- or long-term
educational goals of a student, instructor, or institution have been met as judged by ongoing assessment or
cumulative grade point average.
Safety measures enhance productivity as well.
Readiness level in taking nc1.
The major objective of a program evaluation can be identified.
the effectiveness of a program by making a determination "MartheHurteau
(2009) Sylvain Holve and Stephanie Mongiat. The Grade 12 SMAWlearners, who specialize in welding,
are the ones who are being evaluated in this study.
In this study, Readiness level in taking nc1 preparednessr efers to the abilities that a learner can develop.
positively impacting both working conditions and employee attitude
behavioral practices with regard to safety, ultimately lowering workplace accidents.
(www.sciencedirect.com)
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contains the review of related literature and studies in both foreignand local that serves as
a source of information and guide for the reliability of thisresearchstudy.
Related Literature
Jeffuseetal. (2012) asserted that welding is a specialized task that usually requirestraining and
certification of abilities before a welder can work in industry. Jeffus &Bower (2010) stated that a young
person planning a career in welding should possessgood eyesight, manual dexterity, and good hand-eye
coordination, as well as anunderstanding of welding.Fleming (1937) indicated that welding training
programs have employed aptitudetests that evaluate mechanical ability, ability to judge shapes and
sizes, ability toremember designs, and manual dexterity, but have not extensively evaluated the
predictive ability of individual factors regarding future performance.Giachino& Weeks (1985) also
stated that welders need the ability to concentrateon detailed work and must be free of disabilities that
prevent working in awkward positions.Ericsson et al. (1993) noted inadequate performance strategies
often account for the lack of improvement. Further, Ericsson and others’ (1993) recommended that to
assure effective learning of motor skills students need to be given explicit instructionsabout the best
method and be supervised by an instructor. Congruent with the ecological approach, 10 Ericsson and
others’ (1993) suggested that the instructor organize the sequence of appropriate training tasks and
monitor improvement to decide whentransitions to more complex and challenging tasks are
appropriate such as the case whentransitioning students from GMAW to SMAW laboratory
practicums.Cary etal.
(2005) stated Welding is a “joining process that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to
the welding temperature, with or without the applicationof pressure or by the application of pressure
alone, and with or without the use of fillermetal.In other words, welding is the fusion of two pieces of
material by heating the materials to the point of melting and flowing together.According to Kappler
(2008), with the existence of this virtual reality simulator,US military can produce more than 90 percent
skilled pilot with faster and safe comparedto actual practice. Nowadays research which involves virtual
environment moreconcentrated to skills enhancement such a sensor motor skill.This is supported by
Choquet (2008), which states that virtual welding simulatorcan build motor skill such as detecting the
movement of head and hand during weldingand helping students to identify optimum point of view
during welding process.Thilakawardhana, (2002) the existence of these simulators is parallel with
theemphasis on computer based training (CBT). Generally Technical and VocationalEducational Training
(TVET) has already converged to education and training byCBT.CBT is one way of training without
supervision from instructors. With CBT,trainees can interact with software and get “hands on” training.
This training style also save time, energy and money and can be done according to needs and user
ability.
Related Studies
Foreign
Training institutions and providers play a key role in managing the training process. In many countries, a
diverse training market has developed to respond to thedemand for skills training and capacity-
building. It comprises non-governmentalorganizations, research institutes, foundations, universities and
private consultants. Inmost cases, little is being been done for quality control and no standards are set.
Fortraining with women, training providers influence the perception of gender issues but arenot always
trained to do so. At times, different training providers are involved withoutconsultation.
Mali (2007) conducted a study about an evaluation of IFAD’s programme, found that training, including
literacy training was often not effective and suffered from theinvolvement of too many specialist
organizations, experts and other actors (IFAD 2007 b). This reduced the overall efficiency of the
program. The M. Hartl - Draft for discussion 15 interventions of many actors in providing training and
doing evaluation which led to problems in coordination.Palmer (2007) emphasized the need to take a
balanced approach to fundingeducation and training across all the main sub-sectors, in order to create
the skills-mixneeded for sustainable growth. A supportive economic and labor market environment is
akey factor and requires design of a more pro-poor informal economic strategy. Measuresto promote
employability need to be linked to sound macroeconomic management andrelevant national
employment and youth policies. One measure is youth labor programsor food for work programs,
including public works that provide food M. Hartl - Draft for 16 and/or pay, frequently relying upon
labor-intensive practices. Examples include government plantations in Nigeria and Ghana’s
afforestation and sanitation projects that rely on youth labor. The effectiveness of youth
laborprogramme, however,hinges on the availability of public funds and job opportunities in the
country, indicatingthat these measures are possibly of short-term benefit.Bland-Williams (2017) This
experimental study investigated the effects of visualfeedback on initial learning, perceived self -efficacy,
workload, near transfer, far transfer,and perceived realism during a simulator -based training task. Prior
studies indicate that providing feedback is critical for schema development (Salmoni, Schmidt, &
Walter1984; Sterman, 1994). However, its influence has been shown to dissipate and is notdirectly
proportionate to the frequency at which it is given (Wulf, Shea, &Matschiner,1998). A total of 54
participants completed the study forming six treatment groups. Theindependent treatment, visual
feedback, was manipulated as scheduling (absolute every practice trial or relative every third trial) and
strategies (gradual decrease of visual cueswithin the interface, gradual increase of visual cues within
the interface, or a singleconsistent cue for each trial). Participants completed twelve practice trials of
welding lessthan one of six feedback manipulations; then, participants completed twelve practicetrials
of welding without it. Lastly, participants performed the weld task on actualequipment in a shop area.
No treatment showed significant difference among groups with3 regards to initial learning, retention,
near transfer, and far transfer measures. However,a statistical significance was found during initial
learning and retention within eachtreatment group. Findings support empirical evidence that a
variability of practice paradigm promotes learning (Lee & Carnahan, 1990; Shea & Morgan, 1979).
Learner perceptions of realism suggest that novice learners perceive simulator fidelity as high,however,
these perceptions may dissipate as the learner practices. Those groups thatinvolved the greatest
number of cues at the onset of practice or having cues available atevery other trial reported the
greatest amount of workload. All groups reported increasesin perceptions of self -efficacy during
practice on the simulator, but those perceptionsdecreased when participants performed the weld task
on actual equipment. Findingssuggest that contextual -interference of increasing, decreasing, or
changing feedbackcounteracts the guidance effect of feedback as found in previous studies.Blackburn
et al. (2015) this longitudinal trend study sought to compare the perceptions of preserve agricultural
education teachers, enrolled in a Metals andWeldingcourse at a land grant university, on their welding
related skills at the beginning of thesemester to their final course grade at the end of the semester.
Preservice agricultureteachers (N = 240) who completed the course between the Fall 2006 and Spring
2012semesters served as the population for the study. Although the course is designed,specifically, to
facilitate learning in metal fabrication, not one preservice teacher in anysemester perceived an
excellent ability in performing the welding related skills. However,skills related to shielded metal arc
welding and gas metal arc welding were rated higherthan those related to gas tungsten arc welding or
oxyacetylene welding. The courseinstructor should be made aware of this discrepancy and encourage
students to seekadditional experiences in metals and welding.Brat (2006) the average age of welders,
currently 54, keeps climbing. As a waveof retirements loom, welding schools and on-site training
programs aren't pumping outreplacements fast enough. As a result, many companies are going to great
lengths to attract skilled welders, sending recruiters to far-away job fairs and dangling unprecedented
perks.
Local
Valera (2015) this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the third year college
students taking up bachelor in secondary education (BSEd), major in technology and livelihood
education (TLE) at the assist bangedcampus. Mean was used to determine the level of
attainment of the desired learning competencies of the college TLE student along, knowledge
skills and attitude. A high level of knowledge, skills and attitude was attained along home
economics, ‘’adequate’’ for agricultural arts ‘’high’’ for entrepreneurship.
Albarioc et al. (2014) this study aimed to look at the adequacy of the Instructional
Materials used in Teaching TLE as Perceived by the 4 year BSE TLE Students. Based on the
results, it was found out that the instructional materials used in teaching TLE limited with the
needs of the curriculum. This unalignment implies that there is a need to review the instructional
materials to suit the needs of the curriculum. The overall mean rating of 3.48 indicates that the
respondents agree on the statements regarding the help of the instructional materials in the
achievement of the BSE TLE program, its goals and objectives and content standards.
Concerning the adequacy of the instructional materials used in teaching TLE, it was revealed
that there are available instructional materials for all the areas in the TLE program and there is
enough classroom and space utilized for placement of instructional tools, machine and
equipment. However, the overall mean of 2.36 shows that there is an inadequate instructional
material in relation to the number of students enrolled.
Pilar (2017) this study focused on the relationship between reading competence in
English and performance in technical skills among students in TESDA-Supervised Institutions.
This study was limited to the students enrolled in the institutions under TESDA supervision and
to provide information to the beneficiaries. A descriptive-correlational research design was
employed. A researcher-made test on the reading competence in English had undergone validity
and reliability testing through item analysis and Kuder-Richardson formula 21 while the grades
of the students were utilized for technical skills. It found out that the reading competence in
English showed “fair competent”. Technical skills, on the other hand, performed as “good”. It
also revealed that there was no significant difference and relationship in the level of reading
competence in English and performance in technical skills. It is concluded that the students in
technical-vocational schools were skillful technicians in terms of practical skills regardless of
their reading competence in English.
International Labor Organization (2009) the first phase of the study conducted was
quantitative. This phase was intended to profile the youth of the selected pilot areas in terms of
educational attainment, employment status, skills and/or training acquired, demographic profile,
preferences, and other key factors. Specifically, the quantitative phase aimed to determine the
demographic profile of the youth within each pilot area; find out proportions of young women
and men in each type of employment/unemployment situation; and determine academic as well
as experiential skills acquired, work conditions and levels of employment security experienced,
extent of awareness of employment and entrepreneurship opportunities, youth’s ability to adapt
to changing job and business markets. The specific objectives of this phase were to understand
the youth’s feelings and attitude towards finding a job; understand their work experiences and
needs; understanddeeper reasons and hesitations of the youth outside the labor force towards
employment; and (iv) recognize their work preferences in the light of their current life plans.
