Basic Design

Values
Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

For Ae, see AISC Specification

Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5FuAe 0.9FyAg ≤ 0.75FuAe Equation D3-1.

Lb ≤ Lp 0.66FySx 0.99FySx 300r

Lp = Fy y
Strong Axis Lp < Lb ≤ Lr Use linear interpolation between Lp and Lr.
Bending See Note 1.1.
Lb = Lr 0.42FySx 0.63FySx Lr and strength when
Lb > Lr are given in the
Weak Axis 0.9FySy 1.35FySy AISC Manual.

Shear (in strong axis) 0.4FyAw 0.6FyAw See Note 1.2.

L rc ≤800 Fy F L r( )2
0.6FyAg(0.658)P 0.9FyAg(0.658)P
P=y c
Compression L rc >800 Fy 150 000,Ag 226 000,Ag 286,000
( L rc ) 2 ( L rc ) 2 See Note 1.3.

Notes
1.1 Multiply equations given for strong axis with Lb ≤ Lp, or weak axis, by values in parentheses for W21×48 (0.99), W14×90 (0.97), W12×65 (0.98),
W10×12 (0.99), W8×10 (0.99), W6×15 (0.95) and W6×8.5 (0.98).
1.2 Multiply equations given by 0.9 for W44×230, W40×149, W36×135, W33×118, W30×90, W24×55, W16×26 and W12×14 and all C- and
MCshapes. In weak axis, equations can be adapted by using Aw = 1.8bftf.
1.3 Not applicable to slender shapes. For slender shapes, use Ae from AISC Specification Section E7 in place of Ag. For C- and MC- shapes, see
AISC Specification Section E4.
This reference is based upon simplifying
assumptions and arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC Specification
(ANSI/AISC 360-16) may be less constrained and
less conservative.

W-, S-, C- and MC

Shapes
W-Shapes ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi
S-, C- and MC- ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Shapes

Connected Parts
Group A (ASTM F3125 Grades A325 and F1852) Fu = 120 ksi
Bolts Group B (ASTM F3125 Grades A490 and F2280) Fu = 150 ksi
Group C (ASTM F3043 and F3111) Fu = 200 ksi

Welds FEXX = 70 ksi –

Basic
Design Values
This reference is based upon simplifying
assumptions and arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC Specification
(ANSI/AISC 360-16) may be less constrained and
less conservative.
Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

Tension 0.38FuAb 0.56FuAb —

Bolts

Shear (N bolts, per shear plane) 0.23FuAb 0.34FuAb Multiply by 1.25 for X bolts.
Slip Resistance (Class A, STD holes) 0.12FuAb 0.18FuAb Per slip plane. See Note 2.1.
Bearing 1.2dbtFu 1.8dbtFu
See Note 2.2.
Tearout 0.6lctFu 0.9lctFu
Shear (all welds except CJP) 0.3FEXX Awe ≤ 0.3FuABM 0.45FEXX Awe ≤ 0.45FuABM See Note 2.3.
Weld

PJP Tension 0.32FEXX Aw ≤ 0.5FuABM 0.48FEXX Aw ≤ 0.75FuABM

See AISC Specification
s

Groove Compression
Welds 0.48FEXX Aw ≤ 0.6Fy ABM 0.72FEXX Aw ≤ 0.9Fy ABM Section J2.1a.
(joint not finished to bear)
CJP Groove Welds Strength equal to base metal. —
For Ae, see AISC Specification
Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5FuAe 0.9FyAg ≤ 0.75FuAe
Equation D3-1.
Connected

Shear 0.4FyAg ≤ 0.3FuAn 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.45FuAn —

Block Shear 0.3FuAnv + 0.5UbsFuAnt 0.45FuAnv + 0.75UbsFuAnt See Note 2.4.
Parts

Lc/r ≤ 25 0.6FyA 0.9FyA

Compression —
Lc/r > 25 Same as for W-shapes with Ag = A.
Notes
2.1 For Class B multiply by 1.67. Multiply by values in parentheses for SSL perpendicular to load direction (1.0), OVS or SSL parallel to load
direction (0.85), and LSL holes (0.70). Multiply by 0.85 if multiple fillers are used within grip.
2.2 For LSL holes perpendicular to load direction, multiply by 0.83.
2.3 For fillet welds, multiply by 1.5 for transverse loading (90-degree load angle). For other load angles, see AISC Specification Section J2.
2.4 For calculation purposes, FuAnv cannot exceed Fy Agv. Ubs = 1.0 for a uniform tension stress; 0.5 for non-uniform tension stress.
 Basic
HSS Round Rectangular

Members Design ASTM A500 Grade C Fy = 46 ksi Fu = 62 ksi Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 62 ksi

Values
HSS ASTM A1085 Grade Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi
A
This reference is based upon simplifying Pipe ASTM A53 Grade B Fy = 35 ksi Fu = 60 ksi – –
assumptions and arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC Specification
(ANSI/AISC 360-16) may be less constrained and
less conservative.
Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

For Ae, see AISC Specification

Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5Fu Ae 0.9FyAg ≤ 0.75FuAe
Equation D3-1.
Rectangular HSS 0.66FyS 0.99FyS See Note 3.1.
Bending
Round HSS and Pipe 0.78FyS 1.17FyS See Note 3.2.

Rectangular HSS 0.36FyAw 0.54FyAw See Note 3.3.

Shear
Round HSS and Pipe 0.18FyAg 0.27FyAg See Note 3.4.

L rc ≤800 Fy F (L r) 2
0.6FyAg(0.658)P 0.9FyAg(0.658)P
P=y c
Compression L rc >800 Fy 150 000,Ag 226 000,Ag 286,000
( L rc ) 2 ( L rc ) 2 See Note 3.5.

Notes
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
ANSI/AISC 360-16 is available free
www.aisc.org/specifications
at .
www.aisc.org
P325-17A © AISC 2017
 Table 3.1. Size Limits for Rectangular HSS, in.* 3.1 Not applicable if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Section F7).
Nominal Wall Thickness, in. ⁄
78 ⁄
34 ⁄
58 ⁄
12 ⁄
38 ⁄16
5
⁄
14 ⁄16
3
⁄
18 3.2 Not applicable if D/t > 2,030/Fy (see Section F8).
3.3 Not applicable if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Flange 22 20 16 12 10 8 6 5 3
Bending Section G4).
Web 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 3.4 Equations provided for shear yielding. See AISC Specification
Section G5 for shear buckling provisions.
Shear 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 3.5 For rectangular HSS, if size limit from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded
Compression 24 24 20 16 12 10 8 6 4 use Ae from AISC Specification Section E7 in place of Ag. For round
HSS and Pipe where D/t > 3,190/Fy, use Ae from AISC Specification
*Table only covers up to 88-in. periphery Section E7 in place of Ag.

Analysis and
Design Basic
Simplified Method (see Note 4.1)

Design Values
Elastic Methods Effective Length
Forces and
Limitations References
Moments
First-Order Analysis Method—second-order effects K = 1 for all frames ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ 1.5; Specification
From analysis
captured from effects of additional lateral load (see Note 4.2) axial load limited Appendix 7.3
Effective Length Method—second-order analysis with K = 1, except for
moment frames From analysis Specification
0.2% of total gravity load as lateral load in gravity-only ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ 1.5
(see Note 4.3) Appendix 7.2
combinations (see Note 4.3) with ∆2nd/∆1st > 1.1
Direct Analysis Method—second-order analysis with From analysis Specification
K = 1 for all frames None
notional lateral load and reduced EI and AE (see Note 4.3) (see Note 4.3) Chapter C
Notes
∆2nd/∆1st is the ratio of the second-order drift to first-order drift, which is also represented by B2.
4.1 Derived from the effective length method, using B1-B2 approximation with B1 taken equal to B2.
4.2 An additional amplification for member curvature effects is required for columns in moment frames.
4.3 The B1-B2 approximation (Appendix 8) can be used to accomplish a second-order analysis within the limitation that B2 ≤ 1.5. Also, B1 and B2
 can be taken equal to the multiplier tabulated for the simplified method above.
Design Story Load Ratio from Step 3 (times 1.6 for ASD, 1.0 for LRFD)
Drift Limit 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120
H/100 1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5/1.4 When ratio exceeds 1.5, simplified method
H/200 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5/1.4 requires a stiffer

H/300 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5/1.4 structure.

K 1
H/400 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5

H/500 1 1
= 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

Notes Where two values value associated with RM = 0.85.

ar
e provided, the value in bold is the
Interpolation between values in the table may produce an incorrect result.
Step 1. Perform first-order elastic analysis.
Use 0.002 times the total story gravity load as
lateral This reference is based upon simplifying
assumptions and load in gravity-only
combinations. arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC Step 2. Establish
the design story drift limit and determine the
lateral load that produces that drift.
 Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-16) may be less
constrained Step 3. Determine the ratio of the
total story gravity load to the lateral load
determined in Step 2. and less conservative.
For ASD, multiply by 1.6.
4.
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