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37 views23 pagesPROBLEMS
Physics problems
Uploaded by
shamla KCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 23
86 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANics,
that the probability for the arrival of a photon in a region lying between
two points A and B is, say, p%. In fact, the probability distribution is
the diffraction pattern. The same result can again be observed if the
experiment is carried out with a large number of photons, in which
case also, about p% of them would fall in the region between A and
B. Still the fate of an individual photon can never be predicted, Note
that the result is in sharp contrast to the Newtonian views where the
trajectories are always predetermined. It should be mentioned that if
we place a photo-detector on the screen, it will always record one
photon or none andnever half of a photon. This essentially proves the
corpuscular nature of the radiation. However, the probability distribution
on the screen is the same as what is predicted by the wave theory.
Note also that the probability distribution will not change whether it is
a single photon experiment or a many photon experiment, because
diffraction is a single photon phenomenon.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
Problem 1. The photoelectric threshold for a material is
3000 A. Determine the kinetic energy of an electron emitted
from it by a radiation of wavelength 1000 A.
Solution : We have,
7?
KE = zm? = ho hep
Here, a= 1000A = 107m
4 = 3000 A =3 x 107m
h = 6.626 x 1034 Js
c = 3x 108 ms
Substituting, we get K.E = (4-4)
S
> HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 87
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 87
a -7
= 6.626104 3x 108 pa
: 3x1x(10"')
: = 13.25 x 10-19)
Problem 2. Determine the work function of sodium metal.
‘| Given that the threshold wavelength is 7000 A.
4 Solution : The work function
he
a> kam
Ok
i Given, y= 7000 A= 7x 107m
34 8
Substituting, we get. = pani BASE
7x10"
= 2.84 x 10°19)
Problem 3. From the surface of sodium metal, light of
wavelength 3125 A and 3650 4 causes the emission of electrons
whose maximum kinetic energies are 2.120 eV and 1.595 eV
respectively. Determine Planck’s constant and the work function
of sodium.
Soluton : We have the relations
ho = KE+¢
For the first wave :
hoy = (KE +9 (1)
For the second wave
hey = (KB + $ =)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
h (vy ~ v2) = (KE), - (KE)
KB) ~(K.E)
Therefore, he “(es)
| =——— 66 CLASSICAL_AND QUANTUM MECHANICs
Here, (KE), = 2,128 eV = 2.128 1.6 «10175 i
(K.fi)y © 1,595 eV = 1.595 % 1.67 10-195
Ay = 3125 A=3.125 x 10-7 m
Ay, = 3650 A= 3.65 x 10-7 m
Substituting, we get
'
h (2.128 1,595) 1.6% 10° !?
I i
ania -saun)
3125x107 3.65«10°7
= 6.179 % 10734 Js
From equation (1), the work function
b= ZK
34 8
= SNTIKNOT x3x10" 18x 1.6x10-9
3.125%1077
2.527 x 10-19 J :
The energy required to remove an electron from
. Does sodium exhibit photoclectric effect from
tion having wavelength 300 nm?
Solution : Here, d= 2.5 eV
u
Problem.
A= 300nm = 300 x 10-9 m
Unergy of the photon
he 6.626x10*" x3x108
a 3x107
b=
= 6.626% 10-195
1
19
6.626 x10
= Oa tV = 4.14 eV
16x10"?
Since the energy of the photon is greater than the work function,
photoelectric effect is possible here. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 89
—_—S UE QUANTUM THEORY 893
Problem 5. X-rays of wavelength 20 pm are scattered from
atarget. What is the wavelength of the X-rays scattered through
45°?
Solution : We have the relation
aa = -c080)
me
Here, A = 20 pm=20 x 102m
6 = 45°
h .
We have, Saat = 2142x1052
me
Substituting, we get
ar= A+“ (-c0s 6)
me
= 20 x 10712 + 2.42 x 107? x (1 — cos 45)
= 20 x 10712 + 2.42 x 107! x (1 — 0.707)
= 20.71 pm
|
| Problem 6, Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron
having a Kinetic energy of 1000 eV.
|
2
Solution : Here, KE. = 2-=1000eV
2m
= 1000 * 1.6 « 10° y
Therefore, P= V2x9.1«107" «1000%1,6x10-
The de Broglie wavelength
h
1-5
6.626 x 10-94
— Ee
V2x9.1x107! x1000%1.6x10-9
= 0.388 x 10-19 m 20 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
Problem 7, Determine the de Broglie wave length of an
electron accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V.
Solution : Here, kinetic encrgy gained by the electron
Pe
2m
Therefore, p= V2x9.1x1072! «1.6107! «100
‘The de Broglie wavelength
= ex100
"
Ah
ae
Pp
6.626104
V2x9.1x107! «1.6107? «100
34
= 86x10 124
53.96 x10
Problem 8, What is the energy of a gamma ray photon
having a wavelength of 1 A?
Solution : Here, a= 1A=10!m
h
But A= ?
h _ 6.626x10-**
Therefore, 0 ee
= 6.626 x 10-4 kems~!
Energy of the gamma ray photon
E = pe
6.626 x 10-4 x 3 x 108
= 19,88 x 10-16 J
Problem 9. Estimate the de Broglie wave length associated
with a tennis ball weighing 16 g moving with a velocity 20 m/s.
Solution : Here, m = 16g= 16x 103kg sfORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 941
v = 20mis
The de Broglie wavelength
34
ae ecext =21x10-3m
my 16x10 x20
The de Broglie wavelength of the tennis ball is extremely small in
comparison with its dimensions so that we cannot observe any quantum
ffects associated with it.
Problem 10. Calculate the wavelength associated with thermal
neutrons.
Solution : For thermal neutrons
saw? =P = y= fP2
2 m
| Assuming room temperature 7= 300 K
| = 22.26 x 10? mvs
The de Broglie wave length
h 6626x1074
Qecte
mv 167x107” x 22.26 x10”
| =178 A
} Problem 11, An X-ray beam of wavelength 5 pm is Compton
| scattered from a target. Determine the minimum and maximum
|
| wavelength of the scattered X-rays.
Solution : We have the relation
as a+ A-c0s8)
: me
Here, 2= 5 pm=5 x 10°? m
The wavelength of the scattered X-rays will be minimum,
when @= 0, i.e, cos 0=1 92 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHAy..
Therefore, a’ = A= § pm, the incident wavelenzth
imum,
‘The wavelength of the scattered X-rays will be :
when @= 180, ie, cos 0 =-!
artin2
‘Therefore A=
* c mc
Substituting, we get
al = 5 «1012+ 2.42 x 10-12 x 2
= 9.84 x 10-!? m = 9.84 pm
Problem 12, A 1 kw radio transmitter operates at a frequeng,
of 880 kHz. How many photons does it emit per second?
Solution : If 7 is the number of photons emitted per second, £
the cnergy of the photon and P is the power, then
aE = P
Here, E = hy = 6.626 x 199!" x 889 x 109 j
P= lkw=lOw
Therefore eS
i 6.626x 10>! x $o0.x iv*
= 1715 x 1089 gt
Problem 13. A metal of work function 3eV is Ruminated by
a light of wavelength 3000 A. Calculate (@) the threshold fr
(4) the maximum energy of photoelectrons and (c) the stoppi
potential,
Solution ; (a) We have hy = ¢
Here, dy = 3eV=3% 1.6% 10-19 J
A = 3000 A = 3000 x 19-1 ms
(fy 3x16x107°?
(c Uo 4 7
. ob 6.626x10™ Sy (gTORICAL, DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 93
= 7.24 x 10!4 Hz
he
() KE nax = E- y= 7 0
34 8
i 616267 10eexaxlOn ge
3000x107!
19
= 1,828)
= 114eV
KE max.
e
1.14eV
e
=114V
"
(c) Stopping potential
Problem 14, In a photoelectric effect experiment, the slope
of the cut-off voltage versus incident frequency of light graph
is found to be 4.2 x 107!5 Vs. Estimate the Planck’s constant.
Solution : We have the relation
eV, = ho-hvg
or, Ke = (1)
‘The equation of a straight line is of the form
yomte 0)
Equations (1) and (2) are of the same form and therefore the
| slope is given by
-15
4 4axi0 Vs
e
Therefore, h= 42x10" x1.6x10-9
= 6.7210" Js 94
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANics,
___Problem 15. Light of wavelength 4560 A and power Imw ig
incident on a caesium metal surface. Calculate the photoelectric
current if the quantum efficiency is 0.5 %. Given,
of caesium = 1.93 ev,
work function
Solution : Number of photons incident
Here, Energy E
Power
Wavelength 2
Substituting N
Quantum efficiency =
Substituting, we get
No of electrons ejected
Photoelectric current
power
energy
hic
a
= Imw= 103w
= 4560 A= 4560 x 10-19 m
103
6.626 x10~** x3 x108
4560x10-1°
2.29 x10!7 /s
Number of electrons ejected
Number of photons incident
0.5 x 107 x 2.29 x 10!5
1.145 x 10!5 /s
Number of electrons ejected x e
= 1.145 x 105 x 1,6 x 10°!
= j52™ ot A
Problem 16, X-rays of wavelength 2 A are scattered froma
carbon block. The scatter
to the direction of the i
| photons are observed at right angles
cident beam. Determine (a) the
wavelength of the scattered photon (b) the recoil energy of the
electron.
Solution : We have the relation Ha cos)
me HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 95
Here, A=2 A=2x 10m
a= 90°
We hi 7
le have, Tag 7 242 «10-2 m
Substituting, we get
| a= 1+-L-c0s 6)
| me
= 2x10719 + 2.42x10-12x(1 — cos 90)
= (2 + 0.0242) x 1071 m
= 2.024
Recoil energy of electron = initial photon energy — final photon energy
4)
: 34 see lige
= 6.626x1074 x3x10 G xan)
=1.17« 10775
Problem 17. A 100 MeV photon collides with a proton at rest.
What is the maximum possible energy loss for-the photon?
Solution : We have the relation a-a=-L(1-c0s 0)
mc
The maximum energy loss is when the incident photons bounce
back, i.¢., at © = 180°
ie, A= a+
mc
2h
Then, A= At—
me
Here, E=100MeV = 100 x 106 1.6 x 10-19 J
iol
Therefore, cc
6.626104 x3x108
100x108 x1.6x107! ae CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHaNicg
= 1.242 x 10-4 m \
2h 2x 6626x104
Here, — =
me 166x107?” «3x10
= 0.266 x 10-4 m
on ae ash
me
1.242x 10-14 + 0.266 x 10-!4 ,
"
Therefore, A’
= 1511 «104m
Maximum energy loss = re 2
By aH
- 62610 xaxi08( ato
242° 1511
u
2.842 x 10°12 J
Problem 18. What is the maximum kinetic energy that can
be imparted to a free electron by a photon of initial frequency
07 Is it possible for the photon to transfer all its energy to the
electron?
Soluti
: Kinetic energy = hu — hv’
h
We have, 4’-4 = ae —cos 0)
Maximum kinetic energy is transferred when the incident photon
bounces back, i.e., when 0=180°
then,
or, .go80HL DEVELOPMENTS AND QFIGI OF THE QUANTUM THEORY _97
simplifying, we get
oe vc
othe
c+—
‘me
The kinetic energy transferred = hu —h a
one
mc
Simplifying, we get the kinetic energy as
1
2hv
1+—>
me
hv| 1-
Since the quantity in the bracket is always less than one, it is not
possible for the photon to transfer all its energy to the electron.
Problem 19. Prove that the particle and the group velocities
are the same for relativistic and non-relativistic particles.
Solution : The group velocity
da
vy =
a dk
Multiplying the numerator and the denominator of the above
expression with fh, we get
hdw_dho_dE :
Vg = == (1)
. hdk dhk dp
For a non-relativistic particle
2
2m
Therefore, gE _ Pe y the particle velocity (2)
lp om
Using equations (1) and (2), we get, vg = v
Now, for a relativistic particle
B2 = ple? + mc! 98 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANIcg
Differentiating w.r.t, P, We get
dE
cor = 2pe?
or gE pe
iB F ~.Q)
But, p= ang ga _”08
2 2
ee i
oe ce
Substituting these results in equation (3), we get
aa
Gp by vay
Problem 20. Waves generated on the surface of water travel
A
°Qq ? Where g is the acceeleration
with a phase velocity v, =
due to gravity. Show that the group velocity of a wave packet
y
comprised of these waves is —2.,
2
i nga le
Solution : Here, Vy = eA. le
@ iz
k
or o= Sek
do
Therefore, the group velocity Vg = aE
By definition vy) =
= 2
2
Problem 21. An electron has a speed of 500 m/s with an
accuracy of 0,004%. Calculate the certainty with which we can
locate the position of the electron,
Solution : Here, v = 500 m/s Ry __,gf0RICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 99
oem OWN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY _99
NS
Therefore, momentum
Pp = mv
= 9.1 x 10! x 500
4.55 x 10-8 kgmsé!
) Given, the % accuracy in momentum
0
2 x 100 = 0.004
P
0.004 x 4.55 x 10778
100
From the uncertainty relation, the minimum uncertainty product
Ap = 182.2 x 104 kems-!
h
Ax. Ap ==
dps
| 1.055 x10784
. Bh, 1.055%10 6.0029 m
" 2Ap 2x182.2x104
Therefore, the position of the electron cannot be measured to an
accuracy less than 0.0029 m.
Problem 22. The average life time of an excited atomic state
is 10s. If the spectral line associated with the decay of this state
is 6000 A, estimate the width of the line,
Solution : We have the uncertainty relation
A
ABM =>
Here, At = 10s,
A= 6000A=6% 10-7m
he :
But E= 7
hcAA
AE =
ra a CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANicg
Substituting in the uncertainty relation
ne Aas = ih
x 2
i Ae
1 eh le
: | aoe
(6x 1077)?
~ 4x3.14x3x108 x10?
= 191x103m
Problem 23. A gamma ray microscope is used to locate the
position of an electron in an atom within a distance of 0.2 A.
Determine the uncertainty in the momentum of the clectron
located in this way.
Solution : Here, Ax=0.2 A = 0.2 x 107m
We have the uncertainty relation
dx. dp=4
ee
Pan Ax
6.626 x10~4
~ 4x3.14x0.2x107%
2.64 x 104 kg ms!
Problem 24. Using uncertainty principle, prove that au
electron cannot reside in the nucleus.
Solution : For an electron to exist inside a nucleus, the uncertainty
in its position must be at least of the order of 2r9, where rg is the radius
of the nucleus.
Therefore, the uncertainty in the electron momentum ta
NY oe
ysTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 101
———ETE—— Err ORIGIN
For a typical nucleus, ry = 107
1.055 x10"
Ap = ——___ = 21 komsé!
Pe eae 2.63 « 10-2! kgms
The momentum of the electron must at least be of this order. The
kinetic energy of the electron
pe _ (263x107)?
2m 2x9.1x10!
0.38 x 1017
038x107!
1.6x10-
= 23.7 MeV
It is known from -decay that the energy of the emitted electron
is usually of the order of a few MeV. Therefore, we cannot expect
the electron to be inside the nucleus.
Problem 25. Determine the uncertainty in the position of an
electron weighing 9 x 107! kg moving with an uncertainty in the
speed of 3 x 107 m/s.
Solution : We have the uncertainty relation
h
Ax. Ap=—
2
Here, m= 9x 1031 kg
Av = 3x 10’ mvs
h ho 1.035104
agen =
2Ap 2m. AV 2%9,1x10!x3x 107
= 0.19 10% m
Problem 26. Determine the ground state energy of a harmonic
osullator using uncertainty principle,
Soluton : For a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, the energy
y jo2 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANics
is given by
ie
E= 24 -mox Al)
2m 2 :
Assume that 4p ~ p and x ~ Ax ~ a, the amplitude
h h
Ap~——~2
_ 24x 2a
id a2
. tomo’ a 2
sma 2 ~&
For the ground state, we have
dE -2n?
=0 =. mara=0
da 8a?
h
. pe
= : 2me
Substituting the value of a? in equation (2), we get
ho ho he
~ t+ =
a 42
Problem 27, Estimate the size of hydrogen atom in the ground
state using uncertainty principle.
Solution : Using uncertainty principle
h
Av. Ap==
x. Ap 3 ysTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY. 103
Assume that the spread in the position of the electron in hydrogen
stom Ax ~ a, the size of the atom. Therefore
oe
_
The total energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom is given by
2 2
pie
(oes = 107! pm
om Ka’ where K = 107!! Fr
. A .
‘Assuming Ap ~ p ~ 7g" the above expression becomes
E~
For the ground state
a
da
de 2
= da 8ma> Ka?
- tk
> ome?
Substituting the values of h, m, K and e, we get
(osu nie"
44x91 10x (6x10 YP
0.012 10°? m
= 0.012A
Problem 28. Imagine that a 5 MeV gamma ray beam is passed
through a slit of width of the order of atomic spacing in crystals,
say 2 A. Determine the angular spread. a CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANics
Solution : For gamma ray photons
Ac
E
Here, E=5 MeV = 5x10°x1.6x10°? 7
6.6x1074 x3 x10®
5x10°x1.6x10-?
25% 10-3 m
_ a _
~ slit width
Angular spread
2.5x1075
2x10"!
= 1.2 x 10% radian
Problem 29. Derive an expression for the de Broglie
wavelength for a particle of mass m moving with a velocity
comparable to the velocity of light.
Solution : The relativistic expression for the total energy of a particle
is given by
E = K+ me?
where, X is the relativistic kinetic energy.
But B= prc? +mre
Equating the two expressions
4
P
23 2
= pce + mgrct
: 2 2 22 2
2K mye? +mg2cl = pre? +myrc!
VK(K+ 2mgc?)
K+ mc?
Squaring both sides
De a
c
The de Broglie wavelength
h h
————
P JK(K +2mge*) Me
gf0RICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY 105
sHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
I.
2
3
4
n
yeas
I.
12,
14,
15,
16.
17,
18,
19,
20,
a.
22,
23.
What are the features of a blackbody?
Draw the spectrum of a blackbody.
Give Planck’s distribution law.
Show that for low frequency radiations, Planck’s law reduces to the
Rayleigh-Jeans law.
. Prove that Wien’s law is the high frequency approximation of Planck’s
law.
;. Give Planck’s quantum hypothesis.
What is photoelectric effect?
Give Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the terms involved.
Discuss the importance of Compton effect. What is Compton
wavelength?
What is the origin of the unmodified peak in the Compton spectrum?
What do you mean by a matter wave?
What is de Broglie hypothesis? Give an expression for the de Broglie
wavelength.
Discuss the purpose of Davisson-Germer experiment.
What is Bohr’s complementarity principle?
What is Bohr’s correspondence principle?
What is the origin of a wave packet?
What do you mean by phase velocity?
What is group velocity?
jon-momentum uncertainty principle.
py uncertainty relation.
Compare measurements in classical and quantum worlds.
“There is no such thing as an electron that possesses a precise
momentum and precise position in the quantum word’, Comment on
this statement,
Comment on the probabilistic interpretation of matter waves,
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Derive Planck’s radiation kaw, Discuss its high and low frequency limits,
Discuss the important conclusions on photoelecttic effect. Give Einstein’s
explanations of the conclusions.
Give the physical significance of Compton effect. Obtain an expression
for the wavelength of a Compton scattered photon, 4. Give the theoretical foundation of de Broglie hypothesis. Discuss the
Davisson-Germer experiment of electron diffraction.
5. What is meant by a wave packet? Discuss the formation of a wave
packet using two harmonic waves employing superposition principle,
Obtain an expression for the velocity of a wave group.
5. Discuss the uncertainty principle for a pair of canonically conjugate
variables. Derive the position momentum uncertainty relation.
6. Explain the importance of uncertainty principle in the world of
measurements in the quantum world using an idealized experiment.
7. Discuss the single slit diffraction experiment to show that the diffraction
phenomenon can be explained using corpuscular theory and the
uncertainty principle.
PROBLEMS
1. The photoclectric threshold for a certain metal is 300 nm. Estimate the
maximum energy of the electrons emitted by a radiation of wavelength
200 nm, (Ans : 2.07 eV)
2. During photoelectric emission from a material, the velocity of the emitted
electrons is found to be 10° m/s when light of wavelength 250 nm is
used. Calculate the work function of the material. (Ans : 2.104 eV)
3. An X-ray photon of energy 1.02 MeV undergoes Contpton scattering
through 180°. Determine the energy of the scattered photon.
(Ans : 0.204 MeV)
4, Determine the change in wavelength of an X-ray photon scattered
through an angle 120° by a free electron. (Ans : 3.637 pm)
5. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength associated with an electron of
energy 5 MeV. (Ans : 0.0055 A)
6. What is the de Broglie wavelength associated with a proton moving
with a velocity equal to 1/20 th of the velocity of light?
(Ans : 2.63 « 10-4 m)
7. What is the de Broglie wavelength associated with an alpha particle
accelerated by a potential difference of 25 kV? (Ans : 6.39 x 10-4 m)
8. Show that it is not possible for a photon to give up all its energy toa
free electron,
9. Find the energy of a 700 nm photon. (Ans : 1.77 eV)
10. Find the wavelength and frequency of a 100 MeV photon,
(Ans : v=2.42«10?Hz, A=1.24«107 5m )
11. If Planck’s constant were smaller than it is, what will be the nature of any
quantum phenomena? more conspicuous or less conspicuous?
: (Ans : Less conspicuous) STORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGIN OF THE QUANTUM THEORY
12
2,
23,
107
If 0.10 percent
the current in
(Ans : 048A)
1.5 mW of 400 nm light is directed at photoelectric cell.
of the incident photons produce photoelectrons. find
the cell
its electrons whose
Sodium surface illuminated by 8.5 « 10" Hz light emi 7
maximum energy is 0.52 eV. The same surface illuminated by 12 «(
Hz emits electrons whose maximum energy is 1.97 eV. Using this data,
determine the work function, (Ans : 3eV)
The work function for barium and tungsten are 2.5 eV and 4.2 eV.
respectively. Are these materials useful for using in a photocell used
to detect visible light? (Ans : Barium can be used in this case)
Determine the potential difference that must be applied to stop the
fastest photoelectrons emitted by a surface when an electromagnetic
radiation of frequency 1.5 = 10!° Hz is allowed to fall on it. Given, the
work function of the material 5 eV. (Ans : 1.212 V)
Work function of sodium is 2.3 eV. Does the specimen shows photoelectric
ffect for light of wavelength 6800 A? (Ans : No, in the present case)
A stopping potential of 0.82 V is required to stop the emission of
photoelectrons from the surface of a metal by light of wavelength
4000A°, For light of wavelength 3000 A, the stopping potential is
1.85V. Find the value of the Planck’s constant. (Ans : 6.6 « 10 4Js)
What should be the frequency of incident radiation to eject electrons
of maximum speed 10° m/s from potassium metal? Work function of
potassium is 2.26eV. (Ans : 1.23 = 10 H)
Determine the number of photons emitted per second by a 40 W source
of monochromatic light of wavelength 6000 A. (Ans: 1.23 » 10°" s)
A gamma ray photon of energy 0.9 MeV is scattered through 120° by a
free electron. Determine the energy of the scattered photon.
(Ans ; 0.246 MeV)
- A beam of X-rays is scattered by electron at rest, Determine the energy
of the X-rays if,the wavelength of X-rays scattered at 60° to the beam
of axis is 0.035 A. (Ans : 8.7.x 104)
A 100 keV photon collides with an electron at rest. It is scattered
through an angle 90°. Determine the energy after collision.
(Ans : 0.0836 MeV)
In a Compton scattering experiment, an X-ray photon is scattered at an
. angle of 180° and the electron recoils with an energy of 4keV. What is
the wavelength of the incident photon? (Ans : 3.65 x 10-!'m) 108
24.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34,
ss.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
Show that in photoelectric effect, the maximum velocity of the
photoelectrons is: related to the stopping potential by the equation
Vmax = 5-927 x 10° /V,, where the symbols have their usual meaning,
Here Vmax is in m/s and Yq is in volts.
X-rays of wavelength 1A are scattered from a metal block. The scattered
radiation are viewed at 90° to the incident direction. Evaluate the
Compton shift. (Ans : 0.024 A)
X-rays of wavelength 1.4 Aare scattered from a block of carbon, What
will be the wavelength of the scattered X-rays at 180° and 90°?
(Ans : 1.45A° and 1.42 A)
Determine the workfunction of a metal if the threshold wavelength for
it is 580 nm. Ifa light of wavelength 475 nm falls on it, estimate the
stopping potential. (Ans : 2.14 eV, 0.48 V)
A photon of wavelength 4 A. strikes an electron at rest and scattered
at an angle 150° to its original direction. Determine the wavelength of
the photon after collision. (Ans : 4.045 A)
When a radiation of wavelength 150 nm falls on a photocell, electrons
are emitted. If the stopping potential is 4.4 V, determine the workfunction,
threshold frequency and threshold wavelength.
(Ans : 3.88 eV,.9.4 x 10!4 Hz, 319.1 nm)
Ifa photon has a wavelength equal to the Compton wavelength of the
particle, prove that the energy of the photon is equal to the rest energy
of the particle.
Determine the phase and group velocities of the de Broglie wave for a
free electron moving with classical velocity v. (Ans : , 24)
An electron and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Compare the
wavelength, group and phase velocities of the particles.
(Ans: Ap > Ap Vee > gp ANd Vg
