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Cell Structure and Function Part 3

This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

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Suli Flamenco
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53 views14 pages

Cell Structure and Function Part 3

This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

Uploaded by

Suli Flamenco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell structure and function part 3-4

Dr. Hiba Sabra


Cell structure and function
Content
• Fluid mosaic model

• Passive transport

• Active transport
Cell structure and function
General properties of biomembranes

Protein Channel

Membrane transport protein=


transporter
Cell structure and function
The uid mosaic model

Fluid: individual phospholipids


and some proteins can move
sideways (lateral) in each layer-
therefore Fluid

Mosaic: range of different proteins


resting on the surface or through
phospholipid layer gives it a
mosaic appearance
fl

Cell structure and function


Di usion of phospholipids
ff
Cell structure and function
Membrane proteins
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Passive transport
Passive transport mechanism does not require cellular energy to transport
molecules across cell membrane. So it is a passive transport

In this transport system, molecules are transported from its


higher concentration to the lower concentration until
concentration gradient is diminished.

Passive transport does not work against concentration gradient

Passive transport includes:

Simple diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Cell structure and function


Membrane transport-Passive transport-Simple di usion

Simple diffusion is the transport or movement of molecules from


higher concentration to lower concentration without expenditure
of energy.
In this process, molecules simply diffuses through the pore of cell
membrane.
Simple diffusion do not require transporter protein.
When the concentration of molecules is different inside and
outside of the cell membrane, concentration gradient is
established. Then the molecules moves from higher
concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is
maintained.
When the concentration of molecules becomes equal on both
side of the membrane, transport process stops.

ff
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Passive transport-Osmosis
The movement of solvent (water) across membrane in response to the concentration
gradient of solute is known as Osmosis

Animal cell
Plant cell
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Passive transport-facilitated di usion

The process of facilitated diffusion is


similar to simple diffusion as the molecules
ows from higher concentration to lower
concentration but it is different from simple
diffusion because it requires transporter
protein for the process.

The transporter protein is known as


protein channel or carrier protein
fl
ff
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Active transport

Active transport requires transporter protein and continuous supply of cellular


energy for the transport of molecules across concentration gradient of the
membrane.
Active transport is very important to transport the molecules which are present in
very low concentration in the medium.

In active transport permease or transporter


protein carries the molecules across the
membrane and the energy required to
transport is obtained by ATP or Ion gradient.
The substances transported by active transport are glucose, aminoacids, organic
acids and inorganic ions
Active transport system includes:
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport

Cell structure and function


Membrane transport-Active transport

Primary (direct) active transport – Involves the direct use of metabolic energy (e.g.
ATP hydrolysis) to mediate transport

Secondary (indirect) active transport: Involves coupling the molecule with another
moving along an electrochemical gradient
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Active transport-Primary active transport example
Sodium Potassium Pump
Cell structure and function
Membrane transport-Active transport-Secondary active transport example

Sodium Glucose Pump

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