DIPLOMADO DE INGLÉS

COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA

MODULE III
DILE Module III

First edition: june 2022. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

© 2022, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán,

Dirección de Programas Especiales

upnfm directory

chancellor
Hermes Alduvín Díaz Luna

vice chancellor for administration

José Darío Cruz Zelaya

vice chancellor for academic affairs

Bartolomé Chinchilla Chinchilla

program director
Fredis Mateo Aguilar Herrera

collaboration

production manager layout cover art

Jan Varela Esther Montiel Guillermo Pineda

graphics manager arts and design copy editing

Luis Solórzano Mónica Salgado and proofreading
Odessa Estefanía Ordóñez
photography illustration
Alejandro Calderón Manuel Rodríguez
Aarón Solano
content

unit 1
Present simple vs. present continuous .............................................................6
Frequency adverbs .........................................................................................11
Adverbs of frequency ....................................................................................12
Verb collocations ...........................................................................................15
Leisure activities ...........................................................................................17

unit 2
Modal verbs....................................................................................................28
Make vs. do....................................................................................................36
Countries and nationalities.............................................................................40

unit 3
Comparative vs. superlative............................................................................52
Comparison as ……… as..............................................................................58
Compound nouns...........................................................................................63
Holidays.........................................................................................................68

unit 4
Past continuous .............................................................................................74
Spelling rules..................................................................................................81
Simple past vs. past continuous .....................................................................82
Irregular verbs ...............................................................................................87

unit 5
Quantifiers......................................................................................................98
Some and any...............................................................................................102
Article a/ an/ the...........................................................................................105
Fast food.......................................................................................................108

unit 6
The simple future tenses..............................................................................114
Infinitive forms.............................................................................................123
Shopping .....................................................................................................126
unit 7
Present perfect simple..................................................................................134
Present perfect vs. simple past ....................................................................136
For and since ...............................................................................................141
Restaurant vocabulary..................................................................................144

unit 8
Conditionals ................................................................................................152
Internet vocabulary .....................................................................................156
Phrasal verbs for technology and computers................................................158

unit 9
First conditional ..........................................................................................164
Used to ........................................................................................................167
When, as soon as, unless, until, before .......................................................172

unit 10
Past perfect ..................................................................................................180
Past pefect vs simple past ............................................................................183
Vacations/ travel ..........................................................................................185
 UNIT

1
unit contents
• Simple Present vs Present Continuous
• Frequency Adverbs
• Verb Collocations (do, play, go)
• Leisure Activities
GRAMMAR

present simple vs. present continuous

We use Present Simple: We use Present Continuous:

• When we talk about things that • When we talk about something which
happen repeatedly or habitually. is happening at the time of speaking.
ex. I go to work every day. ex. I’m going to work now.

• When we talk about permanent • When we talk about something which

or long-lasting situations is happening at present, but not neces-
ex. I live in Honduras. sarily at the moment of speaking:
ex. Tom is looking for a new job.
• To indicate general truths, facts
and scientific laws • To describe a planned action in the
ex. The sun rises in the east. near future.
ex. He is leaving for Moscow tomorrow.

exercise 1

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the present simple and
the present continuous

1. Robert _________________
is not going (not /go) to Jane’s party next Saturday.
doesn't have
He___________ (not have) time.

is going
2. There’s something wrong with Ted’s car at the moment, so he ____________
(go) to work by bus today.

flows
3. The River Thames _________________ (flow) through London.

is working
4. Mary has got an exam soon, so she ________________________ (work) at
the moment.

are you wearing

5. Why ______________________________ (you/wear) a T-shirt? It’s so
cold outside!

hate
6. Please, switch the TV off! I _____________________________ (hate) this
boring film.

is meeting
7. Mr. Brown __________________________________ (meet) his dentist this
afternoon.

6 dile | module iii

 GRAMMAR

8. Turn the volume down! I _______________________

don't like (not/like) this music.

9. You ____________
aren't writing (not/write) to your pen friend very often, but he
writes
________ (write) to you every week.

does your Dad Prefer

10. Which __________________ (your Dad/prefer): tea or coffee?

11. Ann _________________ (want) to be a teacher when she grows up.

12. ‘I __________ (meet) my friends at the cinema. ___________ (you/want)

to come with me?’

13. My Granny is very generous. Every Christmas she ________ (buy) sweets
for all kids in her street.

exercise 2

Make the affirmative statements negative and the negative statement affirmative.

1. Juan isn’t going out this evening.

Juan is going out this evening.

2. My brother works in Tegucigalpa every day.

My brother doesn't work in Tegucigalpa every day.

3. He doesn’t drink coffee in the morning.

He drinks coffe in the morning

4. It’s raining at the moment.

It is not raining at the moment.

5. Samuel and Tomas often go to school together.

Samuel and Tomas don't often go to school together.

unit 1 . 7

do you wear?
GRAMMAR

exercise 3

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. My mother______________________(cook) every day.

2. My mother______________________(cook) now
3. I______________________ (read) very often.
4. I_______________________(read) at the moment.
5. We______________________ (not go) to class on Sundays.
6. We______________________(not go) to class now.
7. ___________you always______________________(wash) the dishes?
8. ___________you______________________(wash) the dishes now?
9. She never ___________________ (cry).
10. Listen! She______________________ (cry).
11. ___________he sometimes______________________(write) letters?
12. ___________he______________________(write) a letter at the moment?

exercise 4

Read the e-mail below and fill in the gaps with verbs in brackets. Use present
simple or present continuous tense.

Dear Lila,

How ___________ (be) everything? I ___________ (hope) you are well and that
you ____________ (have) fun in La Ceiba on your vacation. I ___________ (be)
currently in San Pedro Sula on a business trip and I _____________ (stay) in this
amazing 5-star hotel. The view from the room ___________ (be) just incredible.
The food ___________ (taste) great and I ___________ (try) a new dish every day.
Right now, as I _____________ (write) this e-mail, I ____________ (think) about
all the places I ____________ (want) to visit while I am here. Today ___________
(be) my day off so I ____________ (get) dressed and I _____________ (leave) the
hotel as soon as I ____________ (click) button send.

Talk to you soon!

Hugs and kisses!

Susana

8 dile | module iii

 GRAMMAR

exercise 5

Fill in the gaps with verbs on the right. Use present simple or present
continuous tense.

1. Pedro and David sometimes ______________ football together.

LOSE
2. Patricio and I ________________ at some houses at the moment.
LEAVE

3. Listen! Someone ________________ on door. Go and see who is it. PLAY

KNOCK
4. Their plane _______________ tomorrow at 5pm.
LOOK

5. People often ______________ their personal belongings in buses or trains.

exercise 6

Make questions about the underlined part

1. Jonatan is repairing his car.

2. My family visits grandma Julia every month.

3. I want a new bike for my birthday.

4. She walks home from college every day.

5. My neighbor Gregorio likes cats.

6. Diego and Victor are going to the cinema.

unit 1 . 9
GRAMMAR

Simple Present Spelling Spelling Present Continuous

In the 3rd person singular (affirmative sentences):
1) consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the
end of the word double the consonant.
1) Verbs ending in -o / -ss / -ch / -sh / -x, take
-es. sit – he is sitting / put - he is putting
goes / kisses / watches / washes / fixes 2) one -e at the end of the word leave out the -e.
2) Verbs ending in consonant + -y, take -ies. write – he is writing / take – he is taking
tries / flies BUT: double –e: add -ing see – he is seeing

BUT Verbs ending in vowel + -y, take -s 3) verbs ending in –ie change ‘ie’ to ‘y’.
plays / says lie - he is lying
Signal words: always, every... often, normally, Signal words: now, at the moment, Look!
usually, sometimes, seldom, never, on Listen!
(Mondays), after (school)

exercise 7

Spell the –ing form of the verbs.

Playing
1. play __________ stopping
6. stop _________
swimming
2. swim _________ getting
7. get __________
swim
3. lie ___________
lying 8. die __________
dying
writing
4. write _________ studying
9. study ________
visiting
5. visit __________ using
10. use __________

Spell the He/She/It form of the verb in Present Simple.

knows
1. know __________ 6. enjoy __________
enjoys
watches
2. watch __________ relaxes
7. relax __________
carries
3. carry ___________ plays
8. play ___________
washes
4. wash ___________ 9. marry _________
marries
goes
5. go _____________ buys
10. buy ___________

10 dile | module iii

 GRAMMAR

frequency adverbs

Use frequency adverbs to say how often something happens. You often use
these frequency adverbs with simple present tense.

These are some of the most common adverbs of frequency

100% Always Adverbs of frequency normally come:

Usually • before the main verb

Often
Sometimes EXAMPLES:
Seldom The Irish always wear green on St. Patrick’s Day.
Hardly Ever
Russian people don’t often give presents on December 25.
0% Never
• after the verb to be

EXAMPLES:
Guests are often late.
Guests aren’t often late.
Are guests often late?

rule:

Complete the rule using the words from the box.

Frequency adverbs go: Between

After
before
________________________ main verb.
Before
I never drink coke.

between
____________ the auxiliary verb and the main verb.

He doesn’t often make his bed.

_____________________
After the verb to BE.

Juan is always at home.

unit 1 . 11
GRAMMAR

adverbs of frequency

always 100% I always watch TV at night.

almost always 95% She almost always eats breakfast.
usually 75% Mike usually gets up late.
often 50% I often exercise in the morning.
sometimes 25% They sometimes go to Starbucks.
seldom 5% I seldom see him.
rarely 5% I rarely see him.
hardly ever 5% I hardly ever see him.
never 0% We never come to class late.

exercise 1

Add the adverbs of frequency in parentheses to the sentences.

Breakfast habits around the world

1. What we eat for breakfast is the same every day. (usually)

What we usually eat for breakfast is the same every day.
2. In Madagascar, people eat dried beef. (sometimes)
In Madagascar, people sometimes eat dried beef.
3. Canadians put maple syrup on their morning pancakes. (always)
Canadians always put maple syrup on their morning pancakes.
4. British people start the day without either tea or coffee. (rarely)
Brithish people rarely start the day without either tea or coffe.
5. Italians drink a cup of coffee before they do anything else. (normally)
Italians normally drink a cup of coffe before they do anything else.
6. Most breakfast tables around the world include bread. (always)
Most Breakfast tables around the world always include bread.
7. Susan is late for school. (never)
Susan is never late for school.
8. My brother doesn’t write letters to his friends. (usually)
My brother doesn't usually write letters to his friends.
9. We go on holidays. (seldom)
We seldom go on holidays.

10. Peter wears a tie. (often)

Peter often wears a tie.

12 dile | module iii

 GRAMMAR

exercise 2

Make sentences using the Present Simple tense and the Frequency Adverbs.

1. do the homework/Maria/never/at the weekend.

2. play football/every day/?/do/Zahir and Carlos

3. your English teacher/does/speak/Chinese?

4. don’t visit/my grandparents/We/on Mondays.

5. Martin/Does/listen to music/every day?

6. late / is / she / sometimes

7. early / up / sister / never / Sundays / on / gets / my

8. usually / he / goes / to / on / Fridays / the / cinema

9. go / you / restaurant / often / a / do / how / to / ?

exercise 3

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first
sentence. Use the phrases in the box.

always don’t normally don’t often hardly ever once a year twice a week

1. My brother is never on time.

My brother is ______________________ late.

2. Spanish people rarely eat before nine in the evening.

Spanish people ____________________ eat before nine in the evening.

3. We have English classes on Mondays and Thursdays.

We have English classes ___________________________.

unit 1 . 13
GRAMMAR

4. My family lives in different cities, but we always meet on the first of January.
My family lives in different cities, but we meet ____________________________.

5. People in my country usually offer tea to a visitor.

People in my country _________________________ offer coffee to a visitor.

6. My schedule is busy, so I often work on weekends.

My schedule is busy, so I _______________________ have a free weekend.

exercise 4

Fill in the blanks below with the best adverb of frequency

1. Judy saw a doctor for the first time in three years. She ____________________
gets sick.

2. I get up at five o’clock seven days a week. I ____________________get up early.

3. It’s always hot and sunny where I live. That’s why I _____________ see snow.

4. My sister almost never eats burgers and fries. She ____________________eats

healthy foods.

5. I ____________________take a bus to class, maybe three or four days a week.

6. My brother is never sad. He’s_____________________ happy.

7. I was late for work only one time last year. I’m ____________________late.

8. Mary failed only one test in high school. She ____________________passed

her tests.

9. I always remember to do my homework. I ___________________forget to do it.

10. I __________________ watch TV at night.

14 dile | module iii

 GRAMMAR

verb collocations

do – play - go

GO with individual sports, sports you can do alone

E.x. Do you want to go jogging with me?
PLAY with team sports (you need a partner), competitive sports (you play to win!)
E.x. Do you want to play soccer with me?
DO with martial arts, like karate
E.x. Do you want to do karate with me?

Study the chart

Do Go Play

1. ball sports
1. sports more as a physical activity
1. sports that end in -ing 2. competitive games
2. sports without a ball
3. musical instruments
Do gymnastics Go swimming Play football
Do karate Go cycling Play golf
Do yoga Go diving Play tennis
Do athletics Go fishing Play chess
Do push-ups Go bowling Play archery
Do aerobics Go camping Play hockey
Do exercise Go snowboarding Play ping-pong
Do judo Go running Play badminton
Do kung-fu Go jogging Play the piano
Do aikido Go roller-skating Play the violin
Do taekwondo Play the guitar
Do gardening Play the drums
Do photography

unit 1 . 15
GRAMMAR

exercise 1

Use the activities in the list to fill in the boxes.

LIST
1. baseball 8. hiking 15. skateboarding 22. table tennis
2. basketball 9. hockey 16. skating 23. taekwondo
3. cycling 10. horseback riding 17. skiing 24. tennis
4. dancing 11. jogging 18. computer games 25. volleyball
5. diving 12. judo 19. dancing 26. puzles
6. fishing 13. karate 20. soccer 27. bowling
7. football 14. sailing 21. swimming 28. piano

PLAY GO DO

exercise 2

Complete the sentences with the correct form of Play, Go or Do using Simple
Present.

1. Martin ………………………… horse riding on Sundays.

2. My parents sometimes ………………………… jet-skiing at the weekends.
3. ………………………… Alexis ………………………… yoga?
4. My sisters ………………………… piano with my grandmother.
5. ………………………… you ………………………… gymnastics?
6. How often ………………………… Ricardo …………………………soccer?
7. Do you want to ………………………… tennis tomorrow?
8. I ………………………… (not) climbing, it´s dangerous!
9. ……………………… your brother …………………………Tae-kwon-do?
10. How often ………………………… you ………………………… running?
11. Amy’s cousin ______________ yoga to improve her health.
12. Janet ______________ crossword puzzles in her free time.
13. Do your parents ever ______________ shopping at the local market?

16 dile | module iii

 VOCABULARY

leisure activities

go swimming go ice skating go rollerblading go skateboarding go skiing go horse riding

go cycling go fishing go sailing go surfing go windsurfing go diving

go bowling go dancing go jogging go climbing play basketball play badminton

play baseball play golf play handball play hockey play rugby play tennis

play football play volleyball play cricket play darts play chess play cards

play video games play the guitar do aerobics do exercise do athletics do gymnastics

do acting do archery do boxing do judo do karate do fencing

do weightlifting do wrestling do yoga do tai chi do handicrafts do puzzles

unit 1 . 17
VOCABULARY

vocabulary

coffee shop hobby surf the Net

computer game listen to music swim
go for a drive paint take a nap
go for a walk play soccer watch TV
hang out read write poetry

exercise 1

Write a leisure activity with each letter of the alphabet. Use a dictionary to help
you complete the exercise if necessary.

Aeróbic
A _________________________ Nap
N _________________________

B _________________________ Ocean Rowing

O ________________________

Climbing
C _________________________ Puzzles
P _________________________

Dancing
D _________________________
Quiddich
Q _________________________
Excersice
E _________________________ Rugby
R _________________________

Football
F _________________________ Skiing
S _________________________
Gymnastics
G _________________________ Tennis
T _________________________
Unicicle
Horse riding
H _________________________
basketball
U _________________________

Ice skating
I _________________________
Voleyball
V _________________________

Jogging
J _________________________
Wrestling
W ________________________

Karate
K _________________________ Xilophone
X _________________________

Long jump
L _________________________
Yoga
Y _________________________

Martial Art
M _________________________
Zoorb fotball
Z _________________________

18 dile | module iii

 VOCABULARY

exercise 2

Complete the sentences with the words on the box. You have extra words.

1. I don’t do anything special in my free time. I just stay at home and

________________________. I like cooking shows. coffee shop
2. My cousin likes to ________________________. You can read his go for a walk
listen to music
poems in our school newspaper. read
3. My uncle likes to ________________________ pictures of animals take a nap

and plants. They’re really beautiful. computer game

hang out
4. I like to ________________________ news magazines. paint
5. I have a new computer. I like to ________________________. My surf the Net
watch TV
favorite ________________________ is window shopping!
go for a drive
6. There’s a small ________________________ near our college. I of-
hobby
ten have coffee there with my classmates after class. play soccer
7. My friends and I just like to ________________________ together swim
write poetry
and chat. We like spending time together.
8. I study and I have a part-time job, so I’m usually very tired. In my
free time I like to ________________________.
9. Do you like to ________________________? I do. I like to listen to
classical, pop, and rap music.
10. Every weekend, my sister and I go to a swimming pool near our
home. We love to ________________________.

exercise 3

Put these words in order and write sentences.

1. watching every enjoys football on night television Saturday he

2. I twice vacation on go year a

3. friends ever entertain home at they their hardly

4. she the cycling almost goes every park day in

5. take never children the to we movies the

unit 1 . 19
VOCABULARY

exercise 4

Look at the pictures and write the name of each leisure activity.

ACROSS

1. 3. 4. 5.

7. 10. 11. 12.

abseiling
15. 16. 17. 18.

DOWN

1. 2. 4. 6.

8. 9. 13. 14.

20 dile | module iii

 VOCABULARY

exercise 5

Complete the crossword puzzle with the corresponding leisure activities from
the previous exercise.

Crossword puzzle

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8 9

10 11

12 13 14

15

16

17

18

unit 1 . 21
VOCABULARY

exercise 6

Write each leisure activity from the crossword puzzle under the correct verb:
do, go or play.

PLAY GO DO

Hoykey Trampoling
Voleyball Climbing
Football
Diving
Basketball
Running
Swinmiging

exercise 7

Write sentences saying how often you do these leisure activities, remember
to use frequency adverbs.

1. go on vacation
How often do you go on vacation?
2. go shopping
How often do you shopping
3. do yoga
How often donyou do yoga
4. play cards
How often do you play cards?
5. listen to music
How often do you listen to music

22 dile | module iii

 READING

Read the original story.

Sara Went Shopping

Sara Smith, a Pasadena resident, went shopping. She is 30, and has lived at 3037
N. Foothill Street since 1992. Sara has been married to John for seven years. They
have two children; Bob is five years old and Nancy is three. Sara owns a 1995 four-
door blue Toyola. At 9 a.m., Sara got into her car and drove to Barget, a department
store a mile away.

Barget was having a holiday sale. Sara bought a four-slice toaster for $29.95 plus
tax. The regular price was $39.95. She paid by check. On her way home, Sara sto-
pped at MilkPlus to buy a gallon of nonfat milk. The milk was $3.50. Sara got 50
cents back in change.

Sara arrived home at 10 a.m. John and the kids were still sleeping. She woke them
up and then made a hot and nutritious breakfast for everyone.

unit 1 . 23
COMPREHENSION

Choose the correct option to answer each question.

1. A toaster is something for __________

a) holding water
b) heating sliced bread
c) drinking wine
d) slicing bread

2. Who is Sara’s husband?

a) John Smith.
b) Bob Smith.
c) Nancy Smith.
d) Sara has no husband.

3. Why did Sara go to Barget?

a) Because today is a holiday.
b) Because Barget is a newly opened store in her neighborhood.
c) Because Barget is a big department store.
d) Because Barget is giving its customers a discount.

4. Where did Sara Smith go?

a) She walked on Foothill Street.
b) She visited her children who live with their dad.
c) She went to a department store.
d) She was going to buy a car.

5. Sara Smith is __________.

a) a mother of two
b) a wife
c) a single mother
d) both A and B

24 dile | module iii

 COMPREHENSION

Answer the following questions.

1. How old is Sara?

30 old years
2. Who is Sara married to?
Jhon smith
3. How many children do Sara and John have?

Two children
4. What kind of car does Sara have?
1995 four blue toyota
5. What is Barget?

6. What did she buy on her way home?

A gallon of nonfat milk

unit 1 . 25