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6 - ANSI Z1.4 Sample Methodology - Steve Geneva

The ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 standard provides procedures and tables for statistical sampling of products to determine quality levels based on attributes. It allows organizations to inspect a percentage of products to assess overall quality and determine if inspection plans should be tightened or reduced based on performance. The benefits include lower sampling costs, less time, higher accuracy, and suitability for limited resources compared to 100% inspection. The process involves determining inspection levels, acceptable quality levels, and using sampling tables with switching rules to inspect lots and make accept/reject decisions.

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Arlen Zaid
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102 views12 pages

6 - ANSI Z1.4 Sample Methodology - Steve Geneva

The ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 standard provides procedures and tables for statistical sampling of products to determine quality levels based on attributes. It allows organizations to inspect a percentage of products to assess overall quality and determine if inspection plans should be tightened or reduced based on performance. The benefits include lower sampling costs, less time, higher accuracy, and suitability for limited resources compared to 100% inspection. The process involves determining inspection levels, acceptable quality levels, and using sampling tables with switching rules to inspect lots and make accept/reject decisions.

Uploaded by

Arlen Zaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quality Assurance Auditors & Industry Conference

February 2023 | New Orleans, LA

ANSI / ASQ Z1.4-2003 (R2018):


Sampling Procedures and Tables for
Inspection by Attributes
Steven Geneva
TTX Company

MxV Rail is a subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (formerly TTCI)


What is the ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Standard?

• It is an acceptance sampling system used to inspect incoming, in-process,


and final products to determine compliance with established acceptance
criteria through the selection of random samples of items.

• It is an acceptance sampling system used with switching rules on a


continuing stream of lots (car sets or products) for a specific pre-
determined Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL).

• It provides tightened, normal, and reduced plans to be applied depending


upon actual product quality performance, more specifically percent
nonconforming or nonconformities per 100 units.
It Allows an Organization to

• Determine the quality of parts and products by evaluating


only a percentage of the overall quantity available.
• Use the results of the assessment to establish a transition
to a reduced or tightened inspection based upon actual
quality performance.
• Use the results of the assessment to reach conclusions
regarding the quality of the overall batch predictive
maintenance opportunities.
Origin

• MIL-STD-105E was a United States defense standard that provided


procedures and tables for sampling by attributes (pass or fail
characteristics) based on Walter A. Shewhart, Harry Romig, and
Harold F. Dodge sampling inspection theories and mathematical
formulas.
• Although widely adopted outside of military procurement
applications, MIL-STD-105 was cancelled in 1995, ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
was recommended as its replacement and is nearly identical to the
MIL-STD-105E Standard.
Application

• Used when inspection can be defined as an inspection where a


“good or bad”; “accepted or rejected”; “conforming or
nonconforming” outcome is determined, such as in the inspection of:
• End items or completed rail cars, rail car components and raw materials.
• Items In-process or in storage.
• Operations, quality, or maintenance processes.
• Data, records, or forms of objective evidence.

• Sampling plans can be used for the inspection of both a continuous


and an isolated series or of lots or batches.
The Benefits of Using Statistical-Based Sampling

• Lower Sampling Cost • Higher Scope of Sampling

• Less Time Consuming • Intensive and Exhaustive Data

• Higher Accuracy of Data • Suitable in Case of Limited Resources


Percent Nonconforming and Nonconformities per 100 Units

• The percent nonconforming of any given quantity of units of product is one


hundred times the number of nonconforming units divided by the total
number of items inspected, i.e.:

Number of Nonconforming
Percent Nonconforming = X 100
Number of Items Inspected
The Process

1. Prior to the Sampling Inspection Activity Determine:


a) Inspection Level and Sample Size Code Letter.
b) Acceptable Quality Level (AQL).
c) Continuation of Inspection Stating Point (Switching Rules).
d) Sample Size, and Accept and Reject Criteria.

2. Draw Samples and Initiate Inspection


a) Samples are to be Drawn on a Random Basis.
b) Conduct Inspections on Lots or Batches.
c) Determine Acceptability of Lot(s).
d) Conduct Inspections on successive lots in accordance to established switching rules.
Inspection Level and Code Determination Table
Sampling Table
Continuation of Inspection Stating Point or Switching Rules
Thank you

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