CONTENTS

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Reading Listening

Unit 7: - Reading for general and - Listening for specific

specific information about information about thermal
Pollution water pollution pollution

Unit 8: - Reading for specific - Listening for specific

information about an English information about a day
English speaking speaking country trip to a town in an English
speaking country
countries

Unit 9: - Reading for specific - Listening for specific

information about how to information about a
Natural disasters prepare for a natural disaster natural disaster

REVIEW 3

Unit 10: - Reading for specific - Listening for specific

information about a future information about netiquette
Communication way of communication

Unit 11: - Reading for specific - Listening for specific

information about future information about the
Science and roles of science and benefits and problems
technology science and technology
technology may bring

Unit 12: - Reading for specific - Listening for specific

information about life on information about people
Life on other another planet on another planet
planets

REVIEW 4

4
Speaking Writing Language Focus

- Talking about causes - Writing about the causes - Conditional sentences type 1: review
and effects of water and effects of a pollution - Conditional sentences type 2
pollution as well as type
- Pronunciation: stress in words
solutions to this problem
ending in -ic and -al

- Talking about an English - Describing a schedule for - Present tenses: review

speaking country a visit or a tour - Present simple for future
- Pronunciation: stress in words ending
in -ese and -ee

- Talking about natural - Writing a news report on a - Passive voice: review

disasters and ways to natural disaster - Past perfect
prepare for them
- Pronunciation: stress in words ending in
-logy and -graphy

- Talking about ways of - Writing an email using - Future continuous: review

communication now and netiquette - Verbs + to-infinitive
in the future
- Pronunciation: stress in words ending
in -ity and -itive

- Expressing agreement - Writing to give opinions - Future tenses: review

and disagreement about about the future roles of - Reported speech (statements)
the roles of science and science and technology
- Pronunciation: stress in words starting with
technology
un- and im-

- Talking about life on - Describing people on - May and might: review

another planet another planet - Reported speech (questions)
- Pronunciation: stress in words ending
in -ful and -less

5
8QLW 32/
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*(77,1*67$57(' THIS UNIT INCLUDES:

VOCABULARY
$SURMMHFWRQSROOXWLRQ
$SUR Pollution
ect
Words/ phrases showing cause/ eff
relationships
 Listen and read.
PRONUNCIATION
Nick: Your home village is so beautiful. There are Stress in words ending in -ic and -al
so many trees, flowers and birds.
GRAMMAR
Mi: Yes, that’s why I like coming back here on ew
Conditional sentences type 1: revi
holiday. type 2
Conditional sentences
Nick: Mi, what’s that factory? It looks new.
COMMUNICATION
Mi: I don’t know. There wasn’t a factory here
Describing types of pollution
last year. of
Discussing the causes and effects
Nick: Mi, look at the lake! Its water is almost black. pollution and ways to red uce it
Mi: Let’s go closer. … I can’t believe my eyes.
The fish are dead!
Nick: I think the waste from the factory has
polluted the lake. The fish have died because
of the polluted water.
Mi: That’s right. If the factory continues dumping
poison into the lake, all the fish and other
aquatic animals will die.
Nick: Ahchoo!
Mi: Bless you! What’s the matter?
Nick: Thanks. Ahchoo! I think there’s air pollution
here as well. If the air wasn’t dirty, I wouldn’t
sneeze so much. Ahchoo!
Mi: I’ve come up with an idea about our
environmental project! How about giving a
presentation about water and air pollution?
Nick: That’s a good idea. Let’s take some pictures
of the factory and the lake to illustrate our
presentation. Ahchoo!

6 Unit 7/ Pollution
D Find a word/ phrase that means:
1. no longer alive
2. growing or living in, on, or near water
3. throwing away something you do not want,
especially in a place which is not allowed A. ___________________ B. ____________________
4. a substance that can make people or animals ill
or kill them if they eat or drink it
5. made unclean or unsafe to use
6. to think of an idea, or a plan
C. ___________________ D. ____________________
Watch out!
‘Bless you!’ is an idiom. You say it to somebody
after they have sneezed.
‘I can’t believe my eyes!’ is an informal expression.
Do you know what it means?
E. ___________________ F. ____________________

E Answer the questions.

1. Where are Nick and Mi?

2. What does the water in the lake look like?
3. Why is Mi surprised when they get closer to the G. ___________________ H. ____________________
lake?
 Complete the sentences with the types of
4. What is the factory dumping into the lake? pollution.
5. Why is Nick sneezing so much? 1. When _______ happens, the water temperature
in streams, rivers, lakes, or oceans changes.
F Tick (9) true (T), false (F), or no information (NI). 2. _______ occurs when the atmosphere contains
T F NI gases, dust, or fumes in harmful amounts.
3. When radiation goes into the land, air or water, it
1. The water in the lake has been is called _______.
polluted by a ship.
4. Too much use of electric lights in cities may
2. Water pollution in the lake has cause _______.
made the fish die.
5. _______ is the contamination of lakes, rivers,
3. Aquatic plants may also die oceans, or groundwater, usually by human
because of the polluted water. activities.
4. Nick wouldn’t sneeze so much if 6. _______ happens when human activities destroy
the air was clean. the Earth’s surface.
7. _______ occurs because there are too many loud
5. Nick and Mi will give a talk about
water and air pollution. sounds in the environment.
8. The sight of too many telephone poles,
 There are different types of pollution. Write advertising billboards, overhead power lines, or
each type under a picture. shop signs may cause _______.
 Work in groups. Which types of pollution in 
water pollution land/soil pollution air pollution does your neighbourhood face? Rank them
noise pollution thermal pollution light pollution in order of seriousness. Give reasons for your
radioactive pollution visual pollution group’s order.
Vote for the group with the best reasons.

7 Unit 7/ Pollution
$&/26(5/22.
DDecide which sentence in each pair of
sentences is a cause and which is an effect.
Vocabulary Write C (for cause) or E (for effect) next to
each sentence. Note that the words in
 Complete the table with appropriate verbs, brackets relate to Activity E.
nouns, and adjectives.
1. People throw litter on the ground. Many animals
Verb Noun Adjective eat the litter and become sick. (because)
to poison (1) _______ poisonous 2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. Many aquatic
(2) _______ contamination contaminated animals and plants die. (lead to)
contaminant 3. Households dump waste into the river. It is
to pollute pollution (4) _______ polluted. (so)
(3) _______ 4. Their children have birth defects. The parents
to die (5) _______ dead were exposed to radiation. (since)
to damage damage (6) _______ 5. We can’t see the stars at night. There is too
much light pollution. (due to)
 Complete the sentences with the words from
the table in . You do not need to use all the
ECombine the sentences in each pair into
a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect
words. The first letter of each word has been relationship. Use the cause or effect signal
provided. word or phrase given in brackets. You will
1. The p_______ chemical waste is dumped into have to add, delete, or change words in most
the river. sentences.
Example:
2. Do you know what p_______ cause air pollution?
1. Because people throw litter on the ground, many
3. The d_______ fish are floating in the water. animals eat it and become sick./ Many animals
4. Don’t drink that water. It’s c_______. eat the litter and become sick because people
5. The acid rain has caused d_______ to the trees in throw it on the ground.
this area. Work in groups. Look at the pairs of pictures.
6. If we p_______ the air, more people will have Give as many sentences as possible to show
breathing problems. cause/ effect relationships.
1.
CAUSE EFFECT →
Here are some words and Here are some words and phrases
phrases you can use to signal you can use to signal the Example:
the cause of a problem: effect of a problem:
People cough because they breathe in the fumes
because/ since + clause so + clause from cars.
Example: Example: The fumes from cars make people cough.
Because/ Since the water is The water is polluted, so the fish 2.
polluted, the fish are dead. are dead.
due to/ because of + sth to cause sth/ to lead to sth/ →
to result in sth
Example:
The fish are dead due to/ Example: 3.
because of the polluted water. The polluted water causes/ results
in the death of the fish. →
To make sb/ sth do sth
Example: 4.
The polluted water makes the
fish die. →

8 Unit 7/ Pollution
 $&/26(5/22.
Pronunciation
Stress in words ending in -ic and -al
Grammar
Adding the suffix -ic changes the stress of a Conditional sentences type 1: review
word. Stress the syllable immediately before
the suffix.
 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Example: 1. If we (recycle) _______ more, we (help) _______
'atom → a'tomic the Earth.
Adding the suffix -al to a word does not change 2. Factories (not dump) _______ waste into rivers if
its stress. the government (fine) _______ them heavily.
Example: 3. If people (travel) _______ to work by bus, there
'music → 'musical (be) _______ fewer car fumes.
Note: If a word can take both suffixes: one 4. We (save) _______ thousands of trees if we
ending in -ic and the other ending in -al, both (not waste) _______ paper.
words have the stress on the same syllable. 5. If we (use) _______ water carefully, more people
Example: (have) _______ fresh water.
e'conomy → eco'nomic → eco'nomical

Listen and mark the stress in each word, then

repeat it.
1. artistic 6. physical
2. athletic 7. heroic
3. historic 8. poetic
4. historical 9. botanic
5. logical 10. botanical

 Underline the words ending in -ic and circle

the words ending in -al in the following
sentences. Mark the stress in each word.  Combine each pair of sentences to make a
Listen and check your answers, then repeat conditional sentence type 1.
the sentences. 1. Students are more aware of protecting the
1. According to scientific research, tiny species may environment. Teachers teach environmental
help clean radioactive pollution. issues at school.
2. Water quality has become a national problem. → ___________________________________________
3. Many people have received medical treatment 2. Light pollution happens. Animals change their
because of the disease. behaviour patterns.
4. Chemical waste can cause water pollution. → ___________________________________________
5. The reduction in air pollution was dramatic 3. The levels of radioactive pollution decrease. We
last year. switch from nuclear power to renewable energy
sources.
→ ___________________________________________
4. The water temperature increases. Some aquatic
creatures are unable to reproduce.
→ ___________________________________________
5. People get more diseases. The water is
contaminated.
→ ___________________________________________

9 Unit 7/ Pollution
Conditional sentences type 2  Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each
situation, as in the example.
The conditional sentence type 2 describes
a thing which is not true or is unlikely to 1. People throw rubbish in the street. The street
happen in the present or future. doesn’t look attractive.
→ If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would
If + subject + V (past simple),
look attractive.
If-clause 2. There are so many billboards in our city. People
subject + would/could/might + V (bare infinitive) cannot enjoy the view.
main clause → ___________________________________________.
3. There is so much light in the city at night. We
Example: If it wasn’t noisy in here, I could hear
cannot see the stars clearly.
you clearly. (But it’s very noisy in here)
→ ___________________________________________.
The conditional sentence type 2 can be used
to give advice. 4. We turn on the heater all the time. We have to
pay three million dong for electricity a month.
Example: If I were you, I would see the doctor
→ ___________________________________________.
immediately.
5. The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost
Note: We can use both was and were with
every night. The residents complain to its owner.
I/he/she/it in the if-clause.
→ ___________________________________________.
6. She has a headache after work every day. She
 Match an if-clause in A with a suitable main works in a noisy office.
clause in B. → ___________________________________________.

A B
 &+$,1*$0(
1. If I were you, a. what would happen?
2. If Lan wasn’t ill, b. I'd look for a new place to live.
3. If there were fewer cars on c. she would join our tree planting
the road, activity.
4. If people really cared about d. there would be less pollution.
the environment,
5. If there was no fresh water in e. they wouldn’t dump waste into
the world, the lake.

 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If you (be) _______ the president, what you (do) Work in groups.
groups Student A begins with a
_______ to help the environment? conditional sentence type 1 or type 2.
Student B uses the end of student A’s
2. They get sick so often. If they (exercise) _______
sentence to begin his/her own sentence.
more, they (be) _______ healthier. Student C does the same. Continue the game
3. If I (have) _______ one million US dollars, I (build) until the teacher tells you to stop.
_______ more parks in our city.
Which group has the most sentences?
4. Ngoc’s mother is unhappy. If Ngoc (tidy) _______
her room every day, her mother (not be) _______ Example:
so upset. A: If each person plants a tree, there will be a lot of
5. There isn’t a garden at our house. If there (be) trees.
_______, we (grow) _______ vegetables. B: If there are a lot of trees, the air will be cleaner.
C: If the air is cleaner, fewer people will be ill.

10 Unit 7/ Pollution
&20081,&$7,21 Extra vocabulary
permanent hearing loss
earplug affect blood pressure

 Noise pollution is more common and more damaging than many people realise.
The Green Organisation is doing a survey on how much teenagers know about this type
of pollution. Help them answer the questions.

QUESTIONNAIRE
 Please help us complete the questionnaire by circling the correct answer A, B, or C.

1. Noise is _______. 6. If you are listening to music and other people

A. any sound that makes you relaxed and can hear the sounds from your headphones,
peaceful what does it mean?
B. any sound that is loud and constant A. The sounds are too loud.
C. any sound you hear in the street B. You like the music a lot.
2. A unit used to measure the loudness of sounds C. Other people don’t like the music.
is a decibel (dB). Noise pollution happens when
7. What is a symptom showing that noise is
a sound’s loudness is _______.
affecting you?
A. more than 30 dBs
A. There seems to be a ringing or buzzing in
B. more than 50 dBs
your ears.
C. more than 70 dBs
B. You jump up and down.
3. Which of the following noises can cause C. You fall asleep as soon as you lie down
permanent hearing loss after eight hours? in bed.
A. Motorcycle B. Ocean wave C. Whistling
8. Which of the following ways can reduce the
4. Which of the following noises can cause effects of noise pollution?
immediate and permanent hearing loss?
A. Wearing earplugs when you go to concerts
A. Motorcycle B. Concert C. Vacuum cleaner or other loud events
5. If you experience noise pollution for a long time, B. Listening to music through headphones or
you can have _______ and hearing loss. headsets at safe levels
A. headaches C. Both A and B
B. high blood pressure
C. both A and B

 Compare your answers with those of a

classmate. How many different answers
have you got?

 Now listen to a short presentation about

noise pollution. How many correct answers
have you got?
 Work in groups. Discuss other ways to prevent
noise pollution.
Vote for the best ways.

11 Unit 7/ Pollution
6.,//6
1. What does the second paragraph tell you about?
2. What does the third paragraph tell you about?
Reading 3. What is groundwater?
4. What are point source pollutants?
 Work in pairs. One of you looks at picture A, 5. What are non-point source pollutants?
and the other looks at picture B on page
6. Why do people use herbicides?
15. Ask each other questions to find out the
differences between your pictures. Read the text again and complete the notes
about the effects of water pollution. Fill each
Picture A blank with no more than three words.
1. If the drinking water is untreated, an outbreak of
_______ may happen.
2. People drinking contaminated water may
_______.
3. Fish, crabs or birds, may also die because of
_______.
4. Other animals may become ill if they eat the
_______ animals.
 What do the pictures tell you? 5. Herbicides kill both weeds and _______.

 Mi and Nick have decided to give a Speaking

presentation on water pollution to the class.
Read what they have prepared and answer Work in groups and discuss the solutions
the questions. to water pollution. Make notes of your
answers.

W ater pollution is the contamination of

bodies of water such as lakes, rivers,
oceans, and groundwater (the water beneath
the Earth’s surface). It is one of the most
serious types of pollution.
Water pollution can have many different
causes. Factories dump industrial waste into
lakes and rivers. Sewage from households
is another cause. Farms using pesticides to
kill insects and herbicides to kill weeds can
also lead to water pollution. These factors
cause ‘point source’ pollution while pollutants Now complete the diagram of water
from storm water and the atmosphere result in pollution. Use the information from the text
‘non-point source’ pollution. for the causes and effects and your group’s
ideas for the solutions.
Water pollution can have dramatic effects.
In many poor nations, there are frequent
outbreaks of cholera and other diseases Water pollution: SOLUTIONS
- ______
because of people drinking untreated water. Definition: _______ - ______
Humans can even die if they drink contaminated -______
water. Polluted water also causes the death EFFECTS
of aquatic animals such as fish, crabs, or birds. - Humans: ______
Other animals eat these dead animals and may - Animals: ______ CAUSES
also get sick. In addition, herbicides in water - Plants: ______ - Point source pollutants: ______
can kill aquatic plants and cause further - Non-point source pollutants:
damage to the environment.
So what should we do to reduce water Make a presentation about water pollution
pollution? based on the diagram.

12 Unit 7/ Pollution
6.,//6
Writing
Listening  Work in pairs. Discuss the causes and effects
of one type of pollution in your area. Make
 Describe what you see in the pictures and notes in the diagram.
talk about the relationship between them.

_____ pollution
Definition: _____

EFFECTS
_______________

CAUSES
_______________
Listen and check your answers.

 Listen to part of a conversation on TV

between a reporter and an environmentalist
about thermal pollution. Complete the
diagram. Use no more than three words for
eachh blank.
CAUSES
- Power plants using water to (3) _____
equipment
- Discharge of cold water into (4) _____

 Imagine that you two are writing an article

EFFECTS for the local newspaper about a type of
Thermal pollution: - (5) _____ decreasing pollution in your area. One of you writes
- Definition: oxygen about the causes and the other writes about
Water getting - Less oxygen harming (6) _____ the effects of the pollution type you have just
(1)_____ - (7) _____ algal blooms being discussed in .
or (2)_____ another effect
- Can change (8) _____ of the
water and (9)_____ fish
SOLUTIONS
- Building cooling towers
to (10) _____ the water

 Read each other’s work and put them

together to make a complete article.

13 Unit 7/ Pollution
/22.,1*%$&.
 Rewrite the sentences, using the words in
brackets.
Vocabulary 1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the
 Complete the sentences with the correct residents of the street cannot sleep. (because of)
form of the words in brackets. → ___________________________________________
2. Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big
I live on the outskirts of a city in Viet Nam. Three
dinner. (since)
years ago, my neighbourhood was very clean
→ ___________________________________________
and beautiful, with paddy fields and green trees.
3. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my
However, in the last two years, some factories
house was flooded. (due to)
have appeared in my neighbourhood. They
→ ___________________________________________
have caused serious water (1. pollute) _______
4. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy.
by dumping industrial waste into the lake. The
(because)
(2. contaminate) _______ water has led to the → ___________________________________________
(3. die) _______ of aquatic animals and plants.
5. Global warming happens when there is too
Also, tall residential buildings have replaced the
much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.
paddy fields. More people result in more cars (causes)
and motorcycles. (4. Poison) _______ fumes → ___________________________________________
from these vehicles are serious air (5. pollute)
_______.
Grammar
 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
 Write types of pollution in the word web. 1. It (not be) _______ possible to save the Earth if
we (not take) _______ action now.
2. If the world temperatures _______ (continue) to
2. ________ rise, there _______ (be) less snow.
1. ________ ________
3. ________ 3. If I (be) _______ you, I (wear) _______ earplugs
________ ________ when going to the concert.
4. If we _______ (do) nothing to stop global
warming, we _______ (see) big changes in the
future.
5. How you (travel) _______ to work if you (not
4. ________
8. ________ have) _______ this motorbike?
Types of ________
________ pollution 6. Our garden is so beautiful. There (not be) _______
any flowers if my sister (not take care) _______ of
it every day.

 Complete the sentences, using your own ideas.

1. If I were an environmentalist, ________________.
7. ________ 5. ________ 2. If our school had a big garden, _______________.
________ 6. ________ ________ 3. If the lake wasn’t polluted, ___________________.
________ 4. If we have a day off tomorrow, _______________.
5. If you want to do something for the planet,
___________________________________________.

14 Unit 7/ Pollution
Communication
Work in groups. Discuss what you would do Finished! Now I can … .
or say in each situation.
1. Your neighbours littered near your house. ● use words/ phrases related to the
topic and those showing cause/
2. Your friend wore headphones every day to effect relationships suitably
listen to music.
3. Your brother dumped his clothes and school ● use conditional sentences type 2
things on the floor. appropriately
4. Your sister had a bath every day. ● pronounce words ending in -ic
and -al correctly in isolation and
Example: in sentences
A: If my neighbours littered near my house,
● describe some types of pollution
I would write them a letter explaining that it
was making the neighbourhood dirty. ● discuss the causes and effects
B: Oh, I would put a large sign up saying of pollution as well as ways to
‘No littering’. reduce it
C: I think I would knock on their door and
explain that it was polluting the area.

352-(&7
What would you do if…???
Imagine that your group is entering a
competition to lead the Green Club in
your school. You are asked the question:
What would you do to reduce pollution
in our country if you were the Minister of
Natural Resources and Environment?
You are required to create a collage to
show what you would do, and give a
presentation about it.
Now…

1. Work in groups and discuss the things you would do.

2. Collect pictures from different sources, or draw the pictures.
3. Stick the pictures on a big piece of paper.
4. Prepare a presentation. Remember to assign who will talk
about what.
5. Give a presentation to the class.

Picture B - 6.,//6

15 Unit 7/ Pollution
8QLW (1*/,6+63($.,1*
(1**
&28175,(6
& 28
8 ,(6
6
THIS UNIT INCLUDES:
*(77,1*67$57('
VOCABULARY
g
+RZuV\RXUVXPPHUFDPS" People and places in English speakin
countries

 Listen and read. PRONUNCIATION

-ee
Stress in words ending in -ese and
Nick: How’s your international summer camp
going, Phong? GRAMMAR
Phong: Awesome, just awesome. Present tenses: review
Present simple for future
Nick: You sound so happy. What do you like about it?
Phong: It’s hard to say. Everything’s wonderful: the COMMUNICATION
friends I’ve made, the places I’ve visited, the Introducing people and places of
es
activities… interest in English speaking countri

Nick: Oh… Your English has improved a lot!

Phong: Absolutely. I use English every day, with
people from different countries.
Nick: Where are they from? Phong: I found it difficult to understand them at
Phong: Everywhere! Places like India, Canada… first. Perhaps it’s because of their accent,
English is also an official language here in but it’s OK now.
Singapore. Nick: It’s great that you can practise English with
Nick: Right. Have you made any friends from native speakers. When are you back?
English speaking countries? Phong: Our camp closes on July 15th and I take the
Phong: I’m in a team with two boys from Australia night flight home the same day.
and a girl from the USA. Nick: Looking forward to seeing you then. Enjoy!
Nick: Do you have difficulty understanding Phong: I will. Thanks. Bye.
them?

16 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

D Find a word or an expression from the  Put the names of the countries under their
conversation which you use when you... flags.

1. think something is wonderful

New Zealand Singapore Australia
2. agree with somebody the USA Canada the United Kingdom
3. cannot decide
4. are not sure about something
Do you know any other expressions which
have the same meaning?

E Read the conversation again and answer the

questions.
1. Where is Phong now? 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________
2. Where do the campers come from?
3. What has Phong done so far?
4. Why has he been able to improve his English?
5. Who are in the same team with Phong?
6. When can Nick see Phong?

 Complete the sentences with words/ phrases

from the box. 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________

native speakers the USA

official language summer camp
English speaking countries accents

1. Last year I had a wonderful time at a _______ in

Britain.
2. The USA, the United Kingdom and New Zealand
5. ____________________ 6. ____________________
are all _______.
3. Australians are _______ of English because they
use it as their mother tongue.  *$0( :+(5($5(7+(<"
4. _______ is in the mid-north of America. Work in groups of five or six. Locate the six
5. Usually, people from different parts of a country countries in  on the map below. The first
speak their language with different _______. group to find all the countries wins.
6. English is an _______ in countries like India,
Malaysia and Singapore.

17 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

$&/26(5/22.
Match the words/ phrases with the pictures.
parade state loch
Vocabulary cattle station monument castle
 Write the names for the people who belong
to these places. Then listen and repeat the
words.

Country People

1. the USA ________________________ 1. __________________ 2. ___________________

2. England ________________________
3. Scotland ________________________
4. Wales  ________________________
5. Ireland
________________________
6. Canada
7. Australia ________________________
3. __________________ 4. ___________________
8. New Zealand  ________________________

 Change the words into a noun (N), an adjective

(A) or a verb (V).

1. historic N = history
5. __________________ 6. ___________________
2. symbol V=
3. legend A= Pronunciation
4. iconic N= Stress in words ending in -ese and -ee
5. spectacle A= Listen and repeat the words.
6. festive N=
-ese -ee
7. scenery A=
1. Cantonese 5. employee
8. attraction V=
2. Taiwanese 6. adoptee
 Use the words in the box to complete the 3. Japanese 7. addressee
sentences. 4. Portuguese 8. interviewee

icon symbolises scenic REMEMBER!

unique attracts For words ending in -ese or -ee, the stress is
often placed on the final syllable.
1. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is an Example: trai'nee
_______ of this famous city. Nepa'lese
2. Big Ben is a major monument in London which
_______ the United Kingdom.  Mark the stress in the underlined words. Then
3. New Zealand is famous for the _______ beauty of listen and repeat the sentences.
its mountains and forests. 1. One-fifth of the people in the world are Chinese.
4. Australia is home to _______ animals like the 2. A refugee is a person who is forced to leave
kangaroo and koala, which are native to Australia. a country.
5. The Glastonbury Festival in England is a 3. My daughter is a trainee.
celebration of music and it _______ thousands 4. Japanese is the language of Japan.
of people. 5. This printer has a two-year guarantee.

18 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

 $&/26(5/22.
 Four of the underlined verbs in the passage
are incorrect in tense. Find and correct them.
Grammar
DISNEYLAND
Present tenses: review

 Complete the sentences with the correct

forms of the verbs (present simple, present
continuous or present perfect).

1. The famous Sydney Opera

House _______ as an arts
centre since 1973. (serve)

2. There are about 750 million

English speakers in the
world, and this number
_______ fast. (increase)

California (1) is home to the most iconic theme

3. The Statue of Liberty in
park in the world – Disneyland. Over 670 million
New York is a monument
people (2) visit it since it opened in 1955, and
which _______ freedom. the number (3) increases fast. Different kinds
(symbolise) of entertainment (4) are provided throughout
the park. Mickey’s Soundsational Parade, the
most popular event, (5) has celebrated music
4. England, Scotland, Wales, and from famous Disney films. In the parade,
Northern Ireland together well-known Disney characters (6) march along
______ the United Kingdom. the street, either on floats or on foot. They
(form) (7) are dancing along with the music, greet
visitors, talk with children and pose for photos.
Everybody (8) is welcome to join in the fun.

5. America _____ Thanksgiving The four incorrect verbs are numbers ______,
Day on the fourth Thursday ______, ______, and ______.
of November since 1864. Correct answers:
(celebrate) 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________
3. ___________________ 4. ___________________

6. New Zealand _______

divided into the North
Island and the South Island.
(be)

19 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

Present simple for the future  Use the verbs in the box in their correct forms
to complete the sentences describing other
D Read the schedule and underline the verbs activities in D.
in the sentences describing the activities.

host finish hold

Vancouver Christian School take place start last
Schedule for extra activities Month: April

Day & time Activity Place 1. The Public Speaking session _______ at 11.15
and _______ at 12.45 in Room 6, Felix Building.
3rd Debating Competition Main hall 2. The Sports Festival _______ in the sports centre
3.30 -5.30
on April 18th. It is a day to promote children’s
14th Chocolate Factory Excursion Chocolate factory, participation in sports.
8.00-3.00 Ista Visla
3. The Association of School Newspapers _______
11 th
Public Speaking room 6, Felix the opening of their Journalism Club on April
11.15-12.45 Building 26th, in the school library.
18th Sports Festival Sports centre 4. The school library _______ the Photo Exhibition.
8.30-4.30 5. The Photo Exhibition _______ two days, from the
26th Opening of Journalism Club School library 28th to the 29th of April.
3.15-4.15
 Make notes of some activities your school
28th-29th Photo Exhibition School library has planned for next week. Write five
sentences about the activities, using the
simple present with a future meaning.
1. The debating Competition takes place in the
Main Hall on April 3rd.
Monday
2. The bus for the excursion to the chocolate factory
leaves at 8.00 a.m on April 14th.
Tuesday

E Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

Wednesday
1. What time do the sentences refer to: the present
or the future?
Thursday
2. What tense are the verbs in the sentences?

Friday

REMEMBER!
We use the present simple with a future
meaning when we talk about schedules,
programmes, etc. (for example, public
transport, cinemas, television, schools …) 1. _____________________________________________
Example:
2. _____________________________________________
1. The train to Bristol leaves at 11.15 from
platform four. 3. _____________________________________________
2. Our school year starts next week, on
September 5th. 4. _____________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________

20 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

&20081,&$7,21 Extra vocabulary
territory North Pole Arctic Circle

This is a quiz to test how much you know about English speaking countries.
 Do the quiz and choose the correct answers.
1. _______ are both surrounded by the sea. 8. A kilt is the traditional garment for _______ .
A. The United Kingdom and the USA A. Scottish men
B. Canada and New Zealand B. the Maori in New Zealand
C. Australia and New Zealand
C. the Americans
D. The USA and Australia
D. the Aborigines in Australia
2. Of these countries, _______ is the youngest.
A. Australia B. Canada 9. This animal, the _______ , is a symbol of Australia.
C. the USA D. the United Kingdom A. kangaroo
3. The capital of New Zealand is _______ B. koala
C. rabbit
A. Canberra B. Washington D.C.
C. Wellington D. Ottawa D. emu
4. _______ is the most diverse in geography and 10. _______ is in London.
climate. A. Trafalgar Square
A. Canada B. The USA B. Times Square
C. The United Kingdom D. New Zealand C. Sky Tower
D. Ayers Rock
5. Niagara Falls is a spectacular waterfall in
_______.  Write the names of the countries next to their
A. Wales B. Canada facts.
s.
C. England D. Australia
$XVWUDOLD
LD
6. _______ is closest to the North Pole.
A. America B. Canada &DQDGD
C. New Zealand D. Australia WKH86$
WK
K 86$ 
7. Which picture below illustrates the way the
Maori of New Zealand greet each other? WKHH8Q
8QLLWLWH
W G.LQJGRP
P
1HZ=HDODQG
Information Country
A. touching toes B. touching foreheads 11. IIt iis made up of 50 states.
2. It has the smallest population.
3. It has the most famous football clubs in the world
.
4. It has part of its territory inside the Arctic Circle
.
C. touching noses D. touching hands 5. It is both a country and a continent.

 *$0( +2: 08&+ '2 <28 .12:

$%287$&28175<" E Each group then presents their introduction
D Work in groups. Choose a country and together to the class. The class...
find out as much about it as possible. Then 1. tries to find out which country
untry it is
prepare a small introduction of that country. 2. votes for the most informative
mative
e
Don’t say the name of the country. and interesting introduction
ion
n
You can start your introduction with:

This country …

21 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

6.,//6
 Read the passage again and answer the
questions.
Reading
1. Is Scotland famous for its rich culture?
 Discuss the questions. Then read the passage. 2. What might you see while you are exploring a
1. Where is Scotland? castle?
2. What is this land famous for? 3. What are some activities you can see at the
Scottish Highland Games?
SCOTLAND - THE LAND OF LEGENDS 4. What were some of the things invented by the
Scots?

S cotland is in the north of Great Britain. It is famous for

its rich culture as well as its amazing natural beauty.
Visitors to this land can spend endless days exploring its
5. When was the first fire brigade in the world
created?

historic centuries-old castles. But be aware – legend

says that some of them are haunted by ghosts. Fun-lovers
can experience its world-famous festival, the Highland
Games where they can enjoy unique Scottish activities
such as the piping, drumming, and dancing. They can also see
traditional sports, or drink whisky with the local people. Driving
through vast green pastures, or boating on scenic lakes – or
lochs – are other attractions that Scotland offers. Speaking
The great people of this legendary land have also given many Work in pairs. Talk about the thing(s) you like
of the world’s important inventions like the telephone, the most about Scotland. Give reasons.
television, penicillin and the raincoat. Edinburgh, the capital, Example:
was the first city in the world to have its own fire brigade - What do you like about Scotland?
in 1824. Edinburgh University welcomed the first female - I like the castles.
medical student in Great Britain in 1869. - Why?
- Because I want to see a ghost!

Work in groups. Read and discuss these

interesting facts about Australia.
Prepare a short introduction of Australia.
Then present it to the class.

AUSTRALIA - Interesting facts

- world’s only country which covers an entire

continent
 Match each place or event with its two features.
- world’s capital of sports and outdoor activities
Place Feature (70% of the population regularly participate)
- world’s longest fence (5,400 km); built to protect
1. Edinburgh a. haunted by ghosts
world’s largest population of sheep (about 175
2. castles b. piping and drumming
million); claimed to be seen from outer space
3. Highland c. centuries-old
- world’s largest cattle station (Anna Creek
Games d. the world’s first fire brigade
station); larger than Belgium
4. lochs e. scenic
 f. first female medical student
g. boating
h. traditional sports

22 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

6.,//6
5. At Lake Wanaka you can _______.
A. bike and walk
Listening B. drive

WANAKA - NEW ZEALAND C. climb a mountain

Writing
D Choose four activities from the list that
you would like to do in a two-day visit to
Washington D.C., the capital of the USA.

1. Canoeing along the C&O canal, enjoying the

beautiful scenery.
A tour guide is talking about the schedule for 2. Exploring Washington D.C. on a Hop-on Hop-off
a day trip to Wanaka, a town in the far south of trolley.
New Zealand. 3. Visiting the White House, where the President of
 Listen and fill in the time for the schedule of the USA lives.
events. 4. Visiting the National Children’s Museum.
5. Cycling on bike trails in the National Park.
Arrive at Puzzling World: (1) _____________
6. Enjoying the cherry blossoms at the Tidal Basin.
Leave Puzzling World: (2) _______________
Meet up at Lake Wanaka: (3) ____________
E Schedule your visit.
Bus leaves: (4) _________________________
Day Time Activity

 Listen again and choose the right answer

1
A, B, or C.
1. The first thing you see in Puzzling World is
_______. 2
A. Lake Wanaka
B. the Leaning Tower  Write a passage describing the schedule for
C. the spacious café your visit. You can start with:

2. The Illusion Room offers you _______.

A. the picture of a leaning tower This is the schedule for my two-day visit to
B. a collection of puzzles and games Washington D.C. On the first day we…

C. a collection of 3-D holograms

3. _______ is possibly the most photographed

attraction in New Zealand.
A. The Leaning Tower
B. The Illusion Room
C. Puzzling World

4. Lake Wanaka is called _______.

A. a natural attraction
B. a natural paradise
C. a beauty spot

23 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

/22.,1*%$&.
Grammar
Vocabulary  Decide if the sentences have a present meaning
(P) or a future meaning (F).
 Match the words with the definitions.
P F
Words Definitions
1. Please phone me as soon as you arrive in Canberra.
2. There is a documentary about Oxford on TV
1. loch a. a unique way of pronunciation in tonight. Don’t forget to watch it.
an area/ country
3. Usually on New Year’s Eve, thousands of people
b. a private well-protected residence gather in Times Square in New York to welcome
2. kilt
the New Year.
3. puzzling c. a Scottish word for ‘lake’ 4. When people travel, they use a map to find their
4. castle d. an ancient story about a place/ a way around.
person that may or may not be true 5. Our holiday in Queenstown lasts six days. I feel
so excited.
5. legend e. a male skirt which is often worn
on special occasions
 Complete the sentences with the appropriate
6. accent f. confusing or questionable present tense of the verbs in brackets.

1. Alaska, a state in the USA, _______ both the

 Choose the best answer A, B, or C to complete
Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. (face)
the sentences.
2. In Adelaide, south of Australia, the sun _______
1. Australia has the biggest _______ in the world. until 9 p.m in summer. (not/ set)
A. natural beauty B. puzzling games 3. Although England has several good football
C. cattle station teams, it _______ the World Cup only once. (win)
2. Over 1,000 sea planes come and go on the 4. The government of New Zealand _______ a lot
water of Lake Hood airport in Alaska. It’s really a to preserve the culture of the Maori, the native
fun _______ to watch. people of this land. (do)
A. scene B. icon C. puzzle 5. In Canada, the serving of coffee at the end of
3. The Maori’s language and _______ have had a an evening _______ a signal that it is time for
great impact on New Zealand life. visitors to leave. (be)

A. festivals B. dances C. culture 6. In many cultures, it’s considered rude if you push
through people who _______ to get out of a bus
4. Niagara Falls is a great _______ on the border of
or a train. (try)
the USA and Canada. Thousands of visitors come
to see it every month.
A. tradition B. spectacle C. relaxation
5. People in countries like the USA, Great Britain,
and New Zealand use English as their _______
language.
A. official B. native C. foreign
6. In summer, children often take part in a local or
international _______
A. summer camp B. game C. attraction

24 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries

Communication 1. The Maori in New Zealand wear kilts.
2. Of English speaking countries, Canada has the
Check your knowledge! biggest population.
3. Disneyland is in California, a state of Australia.
Work in groups. Discuss if the statements are
correct. 4. Kangaroos and koalas live in New Zealand.
Example: 5. English is the only official language in Canada.
Wellington is the capital of the United Kingdom.
Finished! Now I can … .
A: No, the capital of the United Kingdom is
London. I think Wellington is the capital of ● use words/ phrases to
Australia. describe people and places in
English speaking countries
B: That’s not true. I am sure the capital of
● use the present simple to talk
Australia is Canberra. Wellington is the
about future activities
capital of New Zealand.
● pronounce words ending in
-ese and -ee correctly in
isolation and sentences
● talk and write about schedules

352-(&7

Expl re us!

Canberra,
Canb
C anber
erra Australia
ra, Au
Aus
strali
stralia
a

Ottawa, Canada
Ottawa

These capital cities are great attractions.

D.C.
Washington D C
Work in groups of four or five.
1. Do some research about one of the cities, then
make a list of the places and activities that you
think will attract visitors to the city.
2. Design a poster for the city with pictures and
information.
Wellington, New Zealand 3. Present your poster to the class and introduce
the city.
4. The class votes on the most appealing poster.

London, the United Kingdom

25 Unit 8/ English Speaking Countries
8QLW 1$7
1$785$/',6$67(56
7
THIS UNIT INCLUDES:
*(77,1*67$57(' VOCABULARY
6KRFNLQJQHZV Types of natural disasters
Words to describe a natural disaster
PRONUNCIATION
Stress in words ending in -logy and
-graphy

GRAMMAR
Passive voice: review
Past perfect
COMMUNICATION
Talking about a natural disaster
ut
Asking and answering questions abo
a natural disaster happens
what to do when

 Listen and read.

Duong: Did you watch the news last night?
Nick: No, I didn’t. What’s happened?
Nick: That’s awful! Despite all the modern
Duong: There was a typhoon in Nam Dinh Province.
technology available to us, we’re still
Nick: What exactly is a typhoon? We don’t get helpless against natural disasters. How
them in England.
is the government helping the people
Duong: It’s a severe tropical storm. there?
Nick: Oh no! That’s terrible! What time did it hit Duong: They’ve sent rescue workers to free
the area?
people who were trapped in flooded
Duong: They said at about 10 a.m. homes. Once the heavy rain stops, they’ll
Nick: Was anyone injured? start clearing up the debris. Medical
Duong: Only a few minor injuries were reported. supplies, food and rescue equipment
Most people had moved to safe areas have also been sent.
when the storm broke.
Nick: That’s great! How about the people left
Nick: That’s a relief. Did it cause any damage to without homes?
property?
Duong: They’ve been taken to a safe place
Duong: It seems many houses and public buildings
where temporary accommodation will
were destroyed or flooded, and thousands
be provided for them.
of people were left homeless.

26 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

D Read the conversation again and fill the blank  Match the natural disasters with the pictures.
with no more than three words. Then listen, check your answers and repeat.
Can you add more?
1. Nam Dinh Province was hit by a severe ________.
2. Only a few people were ________. A. volcanic eruption B. tornado C. flood D. forest fire
3. The storm caused extensive _______ to property.
E. earthquake F. tsunami G. mudslide H. drought
4. Rescue workers have freed those who were
________ in flooded homes.
5. The government has sent rescue equipment,
food, and ________.
6. People without homes will be provided with
________.

E Responding to news
1. ____________________ 2. ____________________
Nick uses the expression ‘That’s terrible!’ to react
to the news of the tropical storm. Read the
conversation again and find similar responses.

D Write the responses into the correct

columns. Then listen, check and repeat.
Wow! How terrible!
3. ____________________ 4. ____________________
That’s great! How wonderful!
Oh dear! Oh no!
That’s a relief! That’s shocking!
That’s awful! That’s awesome!

Responding to good news Responding to bad news

5. ____________________ 6. ____________________

E Match the sentences (1-6) to the responses

(a-f). Then practise the exchanges with a
partner.
7. ____________________ 8. ____________________
1. Mary and Tom are a. Oh no!
getting married in July.
2. I managed to pass the
 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions
b. How wonderful!
about common natural disasters in some
test!
areas in Viet Nam.
3. Many people died in the c. Wow!
accident. Example:
4. They have invented a d. That’s a relief! A: Which are the most common natural disasters in
flying car. Thanh Hoa?
5. Our house was destroyed e. That’s shocking! B: Typhoons and floods.
by the storm. A: How often do they happen there?
6. Hospitals have refused to f. That’s awful! B: Typhoons happen there about three or four
take in any more injured times a year, and floods about twice a year.
people.

27 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

$&/26(5/22.
 Now use the phrases in  in the correct form
to complete the sentences.
Vocabulary 1. The rescue workers set up a camp to _______ for
the flood victims.
 Fill each blank with a suitable verb in the 2. On the second day, there was a rainstorm which
correct form from the box below. Then listen,
helped to _______.
check and repeat.
3. When the storm started, they _______ in a cave.
4. As the tornado moved through the town, high
erupt rage collapse
winds _______ across the streets.
strike bury shake
5. The police had to _______ to public shelters
before the volcano started to erupt.

Pronunciation
Stress in words ending in -logy and -graphy

 Listen and repeat these words. Pay attention

to the stressed syllables.

technology biology geography

photography apology
ecology biography psychology

1. Yesterday, a terrible storm _______ the rural area REMEMBER!

of Ha Giang Province. For words ending in -logy and -graphy, place
the stress on the third syllable from the end.
2. Villagers rushed into public shelters as soon as
Example:
the volcano _______.
bi'ology pho'tography
3. Hundreds of buildings were completely
destroyed when the earthquake _______ the city.
4. The mudslide _______ the whole village while  Listen and mark the stress on the correct
people were still sleeping in their houses. syllable in the words below. Pay attention to
5. The forest fire _______ for eight hours and some -logy and -graphy.
animals were badly injured or killed. 1. sociology 4. climatology
6. We managed to run out of the house into the
2. zoology 5. astrology
street before the walls _______.
3. bibliography 6. demography

 Match the verbs in column A to the nouns in

column B. Then listen, check and repeat.  Read the following sentences and mark (')
the stressed syllable in the underlined words.
A B Then listen and repeat the sentences.
1. We are studying the geography of Asia.
1. scatter a. the village 2. I had a biology lesson this afternoon.
2. take b. debris 3. They share a common interest in photography.
3. evacuate c. the forest fire 4. A biography is a book that tells the story of
someone’s life, written by someone else.
4. provide d. shelter
5. Zoology is the scientific study of animals and
5. put out e. aid
their behaviour.

28 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

$&/26(5/22. Past perfect
D Read part of the conversation from GETTING
STARTED. Pay attention to the underlined
Grammar part.
Passive voice: review
Nick: Was anyone injured?
Duong: Only a few minor injuries were
REMEMBER! reported. Most people had moved to
safe areas when the storm broke.
We form the passive voice with the verb to be
in the appropriate tense and form, and the past
participle of the main verb. Only verbs which (+) Positive
can take an object can be used in Subject + had + past participle
the passive. Example: I had left when they came.
(-) Negative
Subject + had not/ hadn’t + past participle
 Read the conversation in GETTING STARTED Example: I hadn’t left when they came.
and underline any sentences in the passive
(?) Questions:
voice that you can find. Check your findings
Had + subject + past participle
with a partner.
Had + subject + not + past participle
Hadn’t + subject + past participle
 Complete the sentences using the correct Example:
passive form of the verbs in brackets. Had you left when they came?
1. Debris (scatter) _______ across the countryside Had you not left when they came?
by the strong winds last night. Hadn’t you left when they came?
2. Ten new houses (build) _______ in the town * Short answers to Yes/ No questions:
every year. (+) Yes, subject + had.
3. Residents of flooded villages (take) _______ to a (-) No, subject + hadn’t.
safe place last night. Example:
Had you left when they came?
4. In the future, natural disasters (predict) _______
Yes, I had./ No, I hadn’t.
accurately with the help of technology.
5. Food and medical supplies (deliver) _______ later E When do we use the past perfect? Can you
this afternoon. think of any rules?

 Rewrite the following sentences using the We use the past perfect to describe an action
correct passive voice. before a stated time in the past.
1. Volunteers have given out food and blankets to Example:
homeless people.
People had managed to
___________________________________________ leave the flooded villages
2. So far, rescue workers have freed ten people by 11 o’clock last night.
trapped in collapsed buildings.
___________________________________________
3. Did the storm destroy the whole village? We use the past perfect to describe an action
___________________________________________ that happened before another action in
4. If the storm hits the area, it will cause a lot of the past.
damage.
___________________________________________
Example:
People had already left
5. They are going to organise a garden party to
the flooded villages when
raise money for the victims of the flood. rescue workers arrived.
___________________________________________

29 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

 Complete the sentences by putting the
verbs in brackets into the simple past or
past perfect.

1. Most people (leave) _______ before the

volcano (erupt) _______.
2. By the time we (arrive) _______ at the canyon,
it (stop) _______ snowing.
3. They (spend) _______ the night in the flooded
area before help (arrive) _______.
4. Simon (get) _______ lost because he (not take)
_______ a map with him.

5. I (find) _______ my pen after I (buy) _______ a

new one.

 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following *$0(

questions about you. Work in two teams. Take turns to give reasons
Example: why you were pleased/ upset/ happy/ angry,
etc. Use the past perfect for the event that
A: What had you learned to do by the time you
had happened. Each correct sentence gets
started primary school? one point. The team with the most points
B: By the time I started primary school, I had wins.
learned how to ride a bike.
1. What had your mother done when you got up Example:
last Sunday?
___________________________________________ On my birthday, I was
2. What had you done before you went to bed last very pleased because
night? Last Tuesday I was
I had received a nice
___________________________________________ annoyed because I had
present.
missed the school bus.
3. What had already happened when you arrived at
school today?
___________________________________________
4. What had you done before you left school
yesterday?
___________________________________________
5. What had happened by the time you finished
your home work yesterday?
___________________________________________

30 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

 Extra vocabula
&20081,&$7,21 climate change
ry
victims
in charge
<2859,(:6211$785$/',6$67(56
67(56

Listen to a radio programme on 4Teen News. Then fill the gaps

with the words you hear.

Welcome to ‘Nature and You.’ Today we have asked our listeners around
the world to call us to express their views on these two questions:
- Are there more natural disasters now than there were in the past?
- Are we prepared to deal with natural disasters?

I think there are more natural disasters now than there

used to be. Whenever I watch the news on TV, I see places
that are (1) _______ or affected by drought. I’m certain this
is the result of climate change and global (2) _______.

Sarah

I don’t think that there are more natural disasters now than
in the past. But more are being reported on the news in
shorter time periods. We’ve seen them so often on the
news that we’ve become (3) _______ to them.

Peter

I think recent earthquakes and tsunamis just show how

(4) _______ we are to deal with them. Despite all the
technology and knowledge available to us nowadays,
many people become victims of natural disasters.

Nubita

I don’t think we can prepare for natural disasters as nobody

knows when or where they are going to strike. It’s Nature’s
way of (5) _______ us who is in charge and that we should
show more respect to the natural environment.

Linh

 Read the listeners’ views on natural disasters again and decide who you agree with and who you
disagree with.

 Answer the two questions. Express your own views and write them down below.

________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Work in pairs. Now compare your views with a partner. Do you share the same views?

31 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

6.,//6
A. A tornado hit a small town in Missouri at 9 a.m. yesterday. People
Reading said the sky darkened very quickly. The winds were so strong
that trees, cars and even houses were picked up and carried for
 Read an article about how to prepare for a miles. As local TV and radio stations had issued an early warning,
natural disaster. Look at the words in the box, most of the residents had had time to take shelter underground
then find them in the article and underline or in basements.
them. What do they mean?
essential wreak havoc destructive
B. A powerful earthquake struck the north-east of Japan at 4 p.m.
guidelines emergency
last Monday. Although Japan has the most advanced warning

N atural disasters can be destructive; they can wreak system, there had been no early warning for this one and people
havoc across large areas and cause loss of life or damage were not prepared. Suddenly the ground started moving. The
to property. We cannot prevent natural disasters, but we shaking continued for a few minutes and became stronger. People
can prepare for them. The first step is to learn about began running away from buildings as walls started to collapse.
the risks in your area and read the information about
natural disasters on local government sites. Next, find
out what the rescue and emergency workers advise.
C. Mount Sinabung in Indonesia erupted again two days ago. From
These people have been trained to deal with disasters,
have been through lots of them and know how to help. where we were standing, we could see a big cloud of ash coming
Make sure you have all the emergency contact numbers from the top of the mountain. As the lava ran down the volcano’s
entered in your mobile phone. It is also important sides, it destroyed everything in its path. By the next morning,
that you put together an emergency supply kit. Your several villages around Mount Sinabung were buried in ash and debris.
emergency supply kit should include food, water,
medications, personal hygiene items, copies of personal
documents and some money. You may also need some extra E Work in pairs. Each pair can choose one of the
clothing if you live in a cold climate. Natural disasters reports in D. Role-play telling each other
can force people to leave their homes so you should also about the news. Use the example below.
become familiar with the guidelines for evacuation. Example:
Plan safe places to meet your family and get to know the
evacuation routes and shelters. A: Did you watch the news last night?
B: No, I didn’t. What’s happened?
A: There was a powerful earthquake on Monday.
 Read the article again and answer the questions.
B: That’s shocking! Where was it?
1. Why are natural disasters destructive?
...
2. What is the first thing to do to prepare for
natural disasters? D Make a list of things to do before, during
3. What should you enter in your mobile phone? and after each of the disasters in your area.
Why? You can read the article in  again for
4. What items should an emergency supply kit ideas.
include?
Disasters Things to do
5. What do you need to know in case of evacuation?
Before During After
Speaking
DRead the news reports (A-C) and match
each one to the correct picture (1-3). E Discuss what you should do in the event of
a natural disaster in your area. Use the
information from the table above.
Example:
A: What should you do to prepare for floods in
1 2 your area?
B: First, I’ll make sure I have a disaster plan ...
A: What should you do during a flood?
B: During a flood, I should try to get to higher
ground as quickly as possible ...
3

32 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

6.,//6
Writing
Listening  Have you or one of your family members
experienced a natural disaster? Make notes
about it in the table below. Alternatively, you
 Listen to the news report and correct the can write about a natural disaster you have
following statements. read about.
1. A typhoon hit Nghe An Province early this
Type of natural disaster
morning.
2. Only a few people were seriously injured in the What is this disaster?
storm.
When and where did the
3. There wasn’t any damage to property in Cua Lo, disaster occur?
a coastal town in Nghe An.
4. The storm had not weakened when rescue What are the effects of
workers arrived in the area. this disaster?
5. According to the weather bureau, the area will What has been done to
be rain-free over the next few days. help the victims of the
disaster?

 Listen again and complete the data chart. D Use your notes in  to write a news report.

Type of
natural Typhoon
disaster

What is this A powerful storm with severe (1) _______ and

disaster? heavy rain.

When and
where did - At about 11 p.m
the disaster - In Nghe An Province
occur?

What are - Dozens of people were seriously injured.

the effects - Hundreds of others became (2) _______.
of this
- Extensive (3) _______ was caused to property,
disaster?
including homes and businesses.
- Heavy rain is expected to continue and
(4)_______ warnings have been issued.

What has - Rescue workers have freed people trapped in

been done collapsed or damaged homes.
to help the - Rescue workers are clearing up the
victims of (5) _______.
the disaster? - Rescue equipment, as well as food and medical
supplies have already been sent there.
- People left homeless have been taken to safe
areas. E Swap news reports with a partner and review
- Temporary (6)_______ will be built to house each other’s drafts. Make revisions and
them. corrections if necessary. Then present your
final news report to the class.

33 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

/22.,1*%$&.
Grammar
Vocabulary  Decide which of the sentences can be changed
to passive voice. Write them down. Explain why
 Match the words (1-6) to their definitions (A-F). two of them cannot.
1. Mr Smith will collect the tickets.
Words Definitions ___________________________________________
2. The students put on a play at the end of term.
1. drought A. a violent storm with very strong ___________________________________________
winds which move in a circle 3. Jim is always late for work.
2. mudslide B. a huge wave that can destroy ___________________________________________
towns near the sea 4. Julie took the message.
3. flood C. a long period when there is no ___________________________________________
rain and not enough water for 5. A local artist painted the picture.
4. tsunami people, animals and plants ___________________________________________
D. a large amount of water covering 6. They arrived at the theatre at 8.30 p.m.
5. tornado an area that is usually dry ___________________________________________
E. a sudden, violent shaking of the
6. earthquake Earth’s surface  Match the two parts to make complete sentences.

 F. a large amount of mud sliding 1. After our plane a. we learnt they had
down a mountain, often had landed, lost our reservation.
destroying buildings and 2. We found out the b. until I decided to study
injuring or killing people below train had left abroad.
c. before I finished eating
3. When we got to my meal.
the hotel, d. we waited an hour for
4. I had never really our luggage.
travelled e. I noticed I had left my
5. The waiter had pass at home.
taken my plate f. ten minutes before we
6. As I stepped onto got to the station.
the bus,

 Use the words from the box in the correct DImagine five bad things that happened to
form to complete the sentences. you yesterday, and write them down.
Example:
scatter take evacuate put out provide - Someone stole my bike.
- My sister broke my computer.
1. Emergency workers _______ the village when ........
the river flooded the area.
E Work in groups. Add time clauses to your
2. Rescue workers are still trying to _______ the sentences as the following examples.
forest fires.
Remember to use the past perfect.
3. The strong winds forced the climbers to _______
shelter. When I woke up yesterday morning,
4. Many countries have _______ food and other somebody had stolen my bike.
material aid to the hurricane victims.
5. Debris from collapsed buildings was _______ When I got home yesterday, my sister
across the whole area. had broken my computer.

34 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

Communication Finished! Now I can … .
 Read the news headlines. In pairs, use the
expressions from the box in GETING STARTED to ● use words and phrases for
respond to them. different types of natural
disasters
Six-year-old rescued from forest Temporary accommodation set
fire by pet dog up for volcano victims ● use the past perfect tense
Hundreds of homes damaged or One million dollars raised ● pronounce words ending in
destroyed in Haiti by tornado for typhoon victims in the -logy and -graphy with
Philippines so far correct stress

Earthquake survivors found Debris finally cleared by rescue ● talk about what to do before,
under debris after ten days teams during and after a natural
disaster
Example: ● write a news report on a
A: It says here that a six-year-old girl was rescued natural disaster
from a forest fire by her pet dog.
B: Wow! That’s amazing!

352-(&7

 These are activities aiming to provide aid for

A HELPING HAND
victims of natural disasters. Write a phrase to
describe each picture.

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________

4. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________

 Work in groups. Imagine you are members of a  Share your plan with other groups. Vote for the
volunteer team who are going to provide aid for best plan.
the victims of a natural disaster. Work out a plan
for your team.

35 Unit 9/ Natural Disasters

5(9,(:81,76
/$1*8$*(
/$1*8$*( 5. I learnt
5 l t from
f the news on TV that the earthquake
______ hundreds of houses.
Pronunciation A. destroys B. were destroyed
 Mark the stress on the correct syllables in the C. had destroyed D. are destroying
words. Then listen and repeat. 6. Look at your weekly schedule. Your presentation
on visual pollution ______ at 9.45. Don’t be late
Nepalese athletic economic geography please.
musical technology biology physical A. is starting B. starts
photography referee Japanese examinee C. had started D. has started
Vocabulary  Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form
to complete the conditional sentences.
 Complete each sentence with the suitable
1. If trees ______ enough water and sunlight, they
form of the word provided.
______ well. (get/ grow)
1. Technology will probably help to ______ natural prediction 2. If today ______ Sunday, we ______ like this.
disasters. (be/ not have to work)
2. ______ monuments are always great attractions icon 3. If I ______ a city to visit, I ______ to San Francisco.
for visitors and tourists. It’s my dream. (can choose/ go)
3. Floods, tsunamis, droughts are examples of ______ nature
disasters. 4. If we ______ soon, we ______ that forest in five
4. Scotland is an interesting place to visit with its rich years. (not act/ lose)
cultural 5. If there ______ no water and air, there ______ no
______.
5. The victims of the ______ village were provided life on earth. (be/ be)
with food and medicine. flood 6. If everybody ______ solar energy, there ______
6. This river will soon become ______ if the people much less pollution. (use/ be)
here keep dumping waste into it. pollution
 Choose the correct voice to complete the
sentences.
 Match the definitions with their words.
1. Food and medical supplies have sent/ have been
Definition Word sent to the victims of the hurricane.
1. a very serious accident which causes a lot of a. a native 2. Last week, the community organised/ was
death and destruction organised several activities to raise money for
2. a person, plant, or animal which comes from a b. collapse the wounded in the earthquake.
particular land 3. Great Britain makes up/ is made up of England,
3. a substance which makes air, water, soil, etc. c. a disaster Scotland and Wales.
dirty 4. Water pollution causes/ is caused mainly by
4. what can happen to buildings in an earthquake d. an attraction industrial waste and sewage from households.
5. a place of natural or cultural interest e. contaminated 5. Canberra chose/ was chosen as the capital of
6. made dirty by adding poison or chemicals f. pollutant Australia in 1908.
6. Urbanisation is happening so fast. Tall buildings
Grammar have replaced/ have been replaced paddy fields
 Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to and pastures.
complete the sentences. Everyday English
1. Our city ______ from different kinds of pollution:
water, air and noise.  Match the sentences in A with replies in B.
A. is suffering B. are suffering A B
C. suffer D. had suffered 1. How’s your visit to the Grand a. Awesome. You are helping
2. Several tropical storms ______ our country Canyon? to reduce pollution.
recently. 2. Last Sunday our group spent nearly b. Why so?
A. struck B. have struck C. are striking D. strike a whole day cleaning the beach.
3. Have you heard about the fire in c. No. I had no idea about
3. The victims on the roofs of the houses ______ the ABC shopping centre? that.
with food and water by the rescue team.
4. Alaska and Hawaii share no d. Oh yeah! I can’t believe it.
A. provided B. will be provide borders with the other states in e. Thrilling. I’ve never seen
C. were provided D. had provided the USA. such an amazing place.
4. If we ______ soon, the pollution will get much 5. Look, Phong. There are two f. Good idea. How should we
worse. rainbows in the sky. start?
A. don’t act B. didn’t act 6. How about organising a Clean Day g. No! Was anybody hurt?
for our school?
C. will not act D. hadn’t acted

36 REVIEW 3
6.,//6 Example:
Topic: The most serious type of pollution in your area.
Reading
A: What is the most serious type of pollution in your
 Read the text and choose the correct answer
area?
A, B, C, or D for each question. B: Visual pollution.
HURRICANE KATRINA A: Can you give an example?
New Orleans, in Louisiana, is known as the most unique city in the United States B: Sure. People stick advertisements on walls.
with distinctive architecture, cross-cultural heritage and annual music festivals. A: Can you do anything to reduce it?
However, due to its location along the Mississippi River with lakes on the B: Not much. Once we tear off one advertisement,
other side, and nearly half of the city below sea level, the city faces the there will be more of them.
danger of flooding. So, a levee system and drainage canals were built to A: Oh! That’s terrible!
protect the city.
Early in the morning of August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, the most
Listening
destructive natural disaster in the history of New Orleans, struck the city.  Listen to Nguyen talking with his friend
The storm brought strong winds and heavy rains for several days. As a result, Phong, who has just come back from a visit
water from the river and lakes rose, breaking the levees and poured directly into to Singapore and decide if the sentences are
the city. Soon 80 percent of the city was under the water. People scrambled to true (T) or false (F).
rooftops for safety, desperate for food and drinking water. The winds were so
strong that even beds in Hyatt Hotel were seen flying out of the hotel windows. T F
The loss was tremendous. Most of the major roads and bridges were destroyed, 1. Phong was told of some environmental rules before
and houses collapsed. Nearly 2,000 people were killed. After the storm, several he started his tour.
natural grounds for the breeding and migrating of different species of animals 2. People would be fined if they littered.
and birds were permanently lost.
3. Officers on duty can easily be recognised.
1. New Orleans is famous for ______. 4. You would have to pay $500 if you spat out chewing
gum in the street.
A. its modern architecture B. its cross-cultural heritage
5. Singapore uses the radio to tell people what they
C. its Mississippi River D. its location shouldn’t do in public.
2. Which statement is NOT correct about New Orleans? 6. Both the school and the family are responsible for
A. It lies between the Mississippi River and lakes. teaching children how to behave in society.
B. One of its attractions is its annual music festivals.
C. The city is surrounded by water.
Writing
D. Most of the city is below sea level.  The school is organising FIGHT POLLUTION
DAY to raise students’ awareness of the
3. Which one is NOT mentioned as being damaged by dangers of pollution. Choose one activity you
Hurricane Katrina? would like your friend to participate in and
A. Distinctive architecture B. The levee system write to him/ her introducing it.
C. Major roads D. Houses
4. The word ‘tremendous’ means ______. Saturday, April 4
A. puzzling B. huge C. unique D. legendary Place Job description
Activity Time
5. The word ‘permanently’ is similar to ______. Pick up trash
Community 8.30 - In neighbourhoods Clear ponds and streams
A. temporarily B. partially C. forever D. rarely 12.00 of the community Sort trash for recycling
work
Speaking Preparation: take pictures of
polluted places in the
 Work in pairs. Choose one of the topics and make whole At school library neighbourhood
of
a short conversation.
Poster
day Design posters warning people
for
designing the dangers of pollution and call
t.
Topics action to protect the environmen
1. A place in English speaking countries you would
In community park
like to visit. t trees and flowers, water them
8.00 - and along the sides Plan up fences to protect them
2. An English speaking country which has a close Greenisation 12.00 of community and set
relationship with Viet Nam. paths
3. A type of disaster which frequently attacks your
9.00 - t to
area. Three residential Public presentations about wha
10.00
4. A type of natural disaster which threatens areas Talks areas in the do to create a pollution-free area
4.00 - community
along the coast. 5.00
5. A human activity which increases pollution.

37 REVIEW 3
8QLW
LW &20081,&$7,21
&20
0
THIS UNIT INCLUDES:
*(77,1*67$57(' VOCABULARY
Communication forms and
0\EDWWHU\ZDVIODW communication technology
PRONUNCIATION
Stress in words ending in -ity
and -itive
GRAMMAR
Future continuous: review
V+ to-infinitive
COMMUNICATION
Talking about communication now
and in the future
ting
Using netiquette when communica
online

 Listen and read.

Phuc: Hi Nick. What happened today? We Nick: I couldn’t call you either. My battery
were waiting for ages and you never was flat.
showed up! Phuc: Never mind. We can try again. How about
Nick: Hi Phuc. Well I wanted to ask you the this Sunday afternoon at 2.30 p.m.? There’s
same question. Superman 3.
Phuc: Why? We planned to meet outside Nick: Great ..., but I’ll be having my Vietnamese
the cinema, didn’t we? We waited and class then. Let’s go for the 4.15 p.m. show.
then Mai decided to go in without you. I’ll need to take the bus to Nguyen Du
She didn’t want to miss the start of Street and it’s quite far.
Frozen you know. Did you oversleep or Phuc: But it’s not Galaxy Nguyen Du! We’ll be
something? seeing it at Galaxy Nguyen Trai ... Wait ...
Nick: No, I was there on time, and it was me Which cinema did you go to today?
who waited for you two. Nick: Oh no, I went to Galaxy Nguyen Du. I wish
Phuc: Are you kidding? We didn’t see you my mobile phone had a better battery!
there. We tried to call you but couldn’t
get through.

38 Unit 10/ Communication

D Find words or phrases in the conversation
that mean:
1. to wait for a very long time
2. to arrive
3. to succeed in talking to someone on the phone
4. “My battery had no electrical power left.”
5. _____________________ 6. _____________________
5. “Are you making a joke?”
6. “Let’s do that again.”
E Decide if the statements are true (T) or
false (F).
T F
1. Phuc, Mai and Nick wanted to see a film
today at Galaxy cinema.
7. _____________________
2. Only Mai and Phuc watched the film.
3. Nick was asleep at home at that time.  Fill the gaps with the correct form of the
words/ phrases from the box in .
4. Mai and Phuc could not reach Nick on
the phone. 1. _______ including Facebook, YouTube, etc. as
5. Nick went to the wrong Galaxy cinema. a means of communication has become very
6. Nick will not be able to go to the popular among young people.
cinema at 2.30 p.m. this Sunday because 2. Our group has worked online the whole time! Now
he will be having a class. let’s _______!
F Why couldn’t Phuc, Mai, and Nick see the
3. If you want to write to a friend in another
film together as was their plan? What was
country, _______ is a faster and cheaper way
the problem? Was it only because of Nick’s
mobile phone? than _______.
4. _______ is a way to communicate instantly by
 Match the words/ phrases with the photos thought.
about ways of communication. Then listen to
5. In the future, maybe voice calls will disappear.
check your answers.
We will use _______ to talk to and see a friend at
the same time.
using social media emailing
meeting face-to-face (F2F) video chatting 6. We should _______ this week. Kate will be able
having a video conference using telepathy to join us from Hong Kong, and perhaps Tim
sending letters (snail mail) from England too.

Look out!
These nouns can be used as verbs.
Can you add more words to the list?
email → to email; emailing
conference → to conference; conferencing
g
text → to text; texting
1. _____________________ 2. _____________________

 *$0(

 In groups, brainstorm all the different ways

you have communicated so far today. The
person with the most ideas is the winner.
3. _____________________ 4. _____________________

39 Unit 10/ Communication

$&/26(5/22.
 Communication technology. Match the words
with the definitions.
Vocabulary
a. An online discussion group in which you
 Choose words/ phrases from the box to 1. chat room
can leave messages or post questions.
describe the photos about other ways of
communication.
2. multimedia b. A phone that uses a telephone line for
communicating non-verbally with animals transmission.
leaving a note
using codes sending flowers c. A device with a touchscreen with
functions similar to a computer, a digital
using signs painting a picture 3. landline phone
camera, and a GPS device, in addition to
using body language using music a phone.

d. People join this Internet area to

4. smart phone communicate online. The conversations
are sent immediately and are visible to
everyone there.

e. Multiple forms of communication on

5. message board a computer including sounds, videos,
video-conferencing, graphics, and texts.

1. _____________________ 2. _____________________  Complete the diagram with the communication

examples you have learnt so far. Some can be
put in more than one category. Can you add
more ideas?

3. _____________________ 4. _____________________

 Debate. Choose one or more pairs of ways of

communicating. Which one is better? Why?

5. _____________________ 6. _____________________
email vs snail mail

video
vs F2F meeting
conference

mobile phone vs

F2F
message board vs discussion group
7. _____________________ 8. _____________________

40 Unit 10/ Communication

 $&/26(5/22.
Pronunciation
Stress in words ending in -ity and -itive
Grammar
Future continuous: review
For words ending -ity and -itive, place the
stress on the syllable before the suffix.  Listen again to part of the conversation in
GETTING STARTED. Underline the future
Example: continuous tense and answer the questions.
oppor'tunity
Phuc: … How about this Sunday afternoon at
She got the opportunity to see Frozen. 2.30 p.m.? There’s Superman 3.
Nick: Great…, but I’ll be having my Vietnamese
'positive
class then. Let’s go for the 4.15 p.m. show.
His answer is positive! Great! I’ll need to take the bus to Nguyen Du
Street and it’s quite far.
Phuc: But it’s not Galaxy Nguyen Du! We’ll be
seeing it at Galaxy Nguyen Trai ...

1. What will Nick be doing at 2.30 p.m. this Sunday?

2. What will Phuc and Nick be doing at about
4.15 p.m. this Sunday?

Review
ous tense to
We use the future continu
cess of doing
express being in the pro
in the future.
something at a specific time
Example:
watching Frozen
Tonight at 8.30 p.m. Mai will be
again at home. She loves it!
ching the film
(She will be in the process of wat
at 8.30 p.m.)

 Complete the sentences with the future

continuous.
 Mark the stress for the following words,
then listen and repeat. 1. _______ he still (sleep) _______ this time
tomorrow? - No, he (study) _______ in the library.
1. competitive 5. ability
2. She’s now in Ho Chi Minh City but she (have)
2. infinitive 6. possibility
_______ a holiday in Da Nang at the end of this
3. repetitive 7. curiosity month.
4. positive 8. nationality 3. They (eat) _______ dinner at 8 p.m.
4. _______ she (stay) _______ in her classroom
 Fill the gaps with the words in  and during the break today? - Yes, she (write)
practise saying the sentences. Then listen _______ an email to her friend.
and check.
5. Mona says the children (play) _______ in the
1. What’s his _______? - He’s Japanese. garden when you arrive.
2. Try not to use this word too often otherwise your 6. This time next year Phuc (learn) _______ a new
text will become _______. language.
3. Sport can be either _______ or non-competitive. Look out!
4. There’s a good _______ that they will win. We often include a specific time when
h
5. Her dancing _______ is impressive! using the future continuous.

41 Unit 10/ Communication

 Look at the years provided. Work in groups
to predict when the following may happen in Watch out!
the future. Then compare your answers with Some verbs such as love, hate, prefer
other groups. can be followed by both a gerund
and to-infinitive without significant
change in meaning.
  
1. We won’t be using landline telephones in  Choose the best answer.
_______.
1. We’ve decided _______ in Ho Chi Minh City for
2. We will still be sending snail mail in _______. three more days.
3. We will be communicating with telepathy a. stay b. staying c. to stay
2. Do you want _______ a mobile phone battery
devices in _______.
that uses solar energy?
4. We will still be using art to communicate in a. having b. to have c. has
_______. 3. They chose _______ the bus there.
5. We won’t be working F2F any more in _______. a. to take b. will take c. taking

6. We will be using signs in _______, but the signs 4. I tried _______ you lots of times but couldn’t get
through.
will be more interactive.
a. called b. call c. to call
5. I think in the future many people will prefer
_______ by using social media.
a. to communicate b. will communicate
c. communicate

Verb + to-infinitive  The Dream List. Imagine we are in the year

2050. Work in pairs and select three ways of
 Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED communication that you think will be most
again and write down all the verbs that are common. Then make the list longer by
followed by to-infinitive that you can find. sharing your ideas with another pair using
Example: full sentences.
I also wanted to call you Example: We’ll be using video conferencing in
→ want to call every meeting.

Verbs + to-infinitive
If we want to follow a verb with another
action, we must use either a gerund (Unit 1)
or an infinitive.
Example:
They want to see Superman 3 this Sunday.
Some common verbs followed by to-infinitive
• Verbs of thinking: choose, decide, plan
• Verbs of feeling: love, hate, prefer
• Other verbs: try, want, need

42 Unit 10/ Communication

&20081,&$7,21
Look out!
Communication breakdown means a
Communication breakdown lack of communication or a failure
to exchange information.
Extra vocabulary
language barrier shrug (shoulders)  If you don’t understand body language,
cultural difference glance communication breakdown may happen.
communication channel Match the body language with the meaning.
Add more examples if you can.
 Match the following possible reasons for
communication breakdown with the
examples. Can you add in some more
reasons and examples?

1. You shrug 2. Your hands are

A. language barrier your shoulders. on your hips.
ces
B. cultural differen

3. You glance at
ls
unication channe your watch.
C. a lack of comm

4. You give a big 5. You raise your

1. Woman: If you go down the corridor, you will smile. fists.
see a sign saying Entrée ...
Man: What does Entrée mean? I’m afraid a. ‘I’m angry.’ d. ‘It’s wonderful! I’m so excited!’
I don’t understand. b. ‘I’m happy.’ e. ‘Sorry, I need to go now.’
2. In Sweden people call each other by their first c. ‘I don’t know.’
names and this does not mean a lack of respect.
 Using abbreviations for online chatting and
3. I can’t contact him by mobile phone – the
texting is not always easy to understand.
network signal is so weak here. Can you decode the following sentences
4. We haven’t heard from him. It takes several written in texting/ chatting style without
weeks for the post to arrive in that area. looking at the cues?
5. What is he texting here? I can’t understand this
1. Where r u? We r @ Lotte on 2/F.
crazy shorthand!
2. I’ll b 5 mins late. CUS.
6. In some countries, yellow roses mean happiness 3. Wanna c a movie this wkd? d? Wot: What
and friendship, but in Russia, if you send 4. Pls call me rite bck. Thx. thx: thanks
someone yellow roses it means a separation. pls: please
5. Hi! Wot R U doin 2nite?
rite: right
6. Did u c it? LOL. LOL: Laugh out
loud
on
CUS: See you so

 Ideas Bank. Work in groups. For each

communication breakdown mentioned in ,
think of a future technology idea that will
help avoid it. Share your ideas with the class.
Example: Language barrier:
We will use an app on a smartphone to
automatically translate what we are saying into
the language of the listener.

43 Unit 10/ Communication

 6.,//6
Look at the highlighted words and match
them with their meanings.
Reading 1. immediately, without delay
 Look at the letters the children from 2. to communicate with or react to
Viet Nam and Sweden sent to each other in 3. the opposite of a flat image
a penfriend project. Why do you think they
chose this way to communicate with each 4. the digital world
other? 5. a system of connected parts to share information

 Answer the following questions.

Hedlunda Primary School, Dich Vong B Primary
Ume , Sweden School, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 1. What do the students like about the penfriend
project?
2. What are the two ways of future communication
mentioned in the text? Explain how they work.
3. Do you think the writer is happy with this
future of communication? How do you know?

Speaking
 In small groups, decide whether you agree
with the author of this text. Why/Why not?
Share your ideas with the class.
 Read the text.
 COMMUNICATION IN THE FUTURE:
WHAT IS THERE FOR US?
About fifty students in two schools in Ha Noi,
Viet Nam and Ume , Sweden have been
exchanging letters in a penfriend project
since 2013. ‘I love to write. You can
even stick something on the letter, like
this tiny sweet!’ said Linh, from Ha Noi  Class survey. What ways of communication
about the project. From the Sweden end, do you use for the following purposes now
Anders said, ‘It’s so nice to open and and what will they be in the year 2030?
read real letters!’ But will this be our
future communication? It’s said that in a couple of In the year
Purpose At present
decades we’ll be using telepathy and holography. 2030
Telepathy uses a tiny device placed into our head. 1. working on a group project I (use)… I’ll be
Information will be sent and received directly to and (using)…
from our brains. We’ll be communicating just by thought 2. keeping in touch with a friend
over the network! Holography, a video-conference who lives far away
technology with three-dimensional images, will help us
interact in real time in completely different places. 3. contacting friends to meet to
see a film
Impressed? Maybe, but not everyone
4. asking your teacher
thinks the cyber world will replace the
something that you didn’t
real world. Like the children in the
understand in the lesson
penfriend project, I prefer to chat
with my friends over a cup of tea 5. letting your parents know you
and enjoy their company - life is want to say sorry
more meaningful that way! 6. showing love to your pet

44 Unit 10/ Communication

 6.,//6
Writing
Listening Writing an email using netiquette
Netiquette

 Look at the way this message is posted on an REMEMBER!

e-learning message board. Can you find any
problems with it? • Always check that you’ve completed the
Subject line and/ or have included the
attachment
• An email to a senior person should be
more formal than to a friend
• Keep the message short and accurate
• Always check your work for mistakes

CAPS LOCK: a function that turns all letters

into capital form  Put the following parts in their correct place
to make an email.

 Listen to this interview between a 4Teen a. Thank you very much.

magazine reporter and Dr Minh Vu about b. Please find attached my essay for week 5.
netiquette and answer the questions. c. Essay submission week 5
1. What is ‘netiquette’? d. Best regards,
2. What is the main rule of netiquette? e. My name is Vu Minh Duc, and I am your student
3. Besides the content of what we’re communicating, from class 8A.
what else should we pay attention to? f. Dear Teacher,

 Listen again to the interview and complete

the following grid.

Why/Why
Should Shouldn’t
not?
1. use CAPS LOCK in
emails, posts, and
comments
2. check your email for
mistakes or errors
3. use a lot of shorthand
4. respect discussion rules
and use polite language
 Write a short email to your teacher to submit
your group homework for this week. Check if
you have used the netiquette learnt.

CAPS LOCK
Not necessary all the time

 Look at the message in . Work with a partner

to improve it with the netiquette you have
learnt so far.

45 Unit 10/ Communication

 /22.,1*%$&.
 Write the following text messages/ chat lines
in shorthand form.
Vocabulary
1. Thanks for your gift.
 Complete the sentences using the cues 2. By the way, what are you doing this weekend?
provided. 3. Please call me right now.
4. Laugh out loud!
5. See you tonight.
1. Using b________
l________ is an effectivee
way for communication as
long as you understand it!t!  Have you ever used music, art, codes, signs
or any non-verbal ways to communicate?
Tell a partner what you did. Was the
communication successful?

Grammar
2. M________ technology
makes today’s communication  Underline the correct answer.
so exciting with not only text 1. She (will not be sleeping/ was
but also sound, video, and not sleeping) if you call at 9 p.m.
graphics.
2. They (play/ will be playing)
football at 10 a.m. tomorrow
morning.
3. What (will he be doing/
3. A lot of people prefer will he do) this time next
working f________ Monday?
than online. 4. I (am waiting/ will be waiting)
at the bus stop when you
arrive.
5. In 200 years we (will not be
4. Communication using/ do not use) mobile
breakdown may happen phones any more. We (will be
due to c________ using/ will use) telepathy.
d________. 6. Take the umbrella with you.
It (rains/ will be raining) later
today.

5. In the future we won’t

need to learn different
 Gerund or to-infinitive?
languages to 1. I don’t mind (talk) ________ to her about this.
communicate if we use 2. We plan (use) ________ video chatting to keep in
t_______. touch with our family.
3. He’s tried very hard (show) ________ his love to
her by sending lots of flowers and presents.
4. She dislikes (communicate) ________ through
6. Everyone needs to learn message boards or online meetings.
n________ when we 5. Lena enjoyed (chat) ________ on the phone with
communicate online. her friends.
6. They’ve decided (have) ________ a video
conference with their colleagues right away.

46 Unit 10/ Communication

Communication Finished! Now I can … .

Choose any three forms of communication in ● talk about forms of

this unit and work with a partner to decide if communication
people will be using them in the year 2100 or not.
Give at least two reasons for each decision. ● use communication
technology vocabulary
Example: ● use the future continuous
- Will we be using music to communicate in
the year 2100? ● use some verbs followed by
to-infinitive
- I think so. People will always express
themselves through music. ● pronounce words ending in
-ity and -itive correctly in
isolation and in sentences
● communicating online
following netiquette

352-(&7

‘Action. Take one! Ac

tion. Take two!’

In groups, prepare two versions of a short sketch involving

a communication breakdown to perform in class.

● Perform version 1 where the communication breakdown takes

place.
● Then ask the audience to explain what went wrong and how it
could be avoided.
● Next, perform version 2, this time where no communication
breakdown takes place.
You can ask your teacher for help with sketch ideas.

47 Unit 10/ Communication

 6&,(1&($1'
6 &,(
(
8QLWW
7(&+12/2*<
7(&+
*(77,1*67$57(' THIS UNIT INCLUDES:
VOCABULARY
$WWKH6FLHQFH&OXE Science and technology
Inventions
 Listen and read. PRONUNCIATION
im-
Stress in words starting with un- and
Duong, Nick, and Chau are talking with Dr. Nelson
after listening to his talk about the roles of science
GRAMMAR
Future tenses: review
and technology in the 21st century.
Reported speech: statements
Dr. Nelson: Well, as you know, developments in COMMUNICATION
and
science and technology are greatly Talking about the roles of science
changing the way we live, communicate, technology
ement
travel, everything … Expressing agreement and disagre
and tech nolo gy can
Duong: You mean science and technology about how science
the futu re
are changing our lives in every field? help us solve problems in
Dr. Nelson: Right.
Duong: For the better?
Dr. Nelson: Mostly for the better. Science and
technology also have enormous effects
on economic development.
Nick: Well, my dad told me that only robots
would work in factories and clean
our homes in the future. Is it right,
Dr. Nelson?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. And we’ll have flying cars
and spaceships so that we can
travel faster and further than
before.
Chau: So we won’t have traffic jams any more?
Dr. Nelson: No, we won’t. Science and technology
are the keys to development in other
fields too. They will certainly bring a lot
more benefits to people.
Chau: And what about education? Our science
teacher said that there would be no
more schools: we’d just stay at home
and learn on the Internet.
Dr. Nelson: That’s right. Students won’t go to
school like now …
Duong: Wow! I hope that happens soon.

48 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

D Find the words in A in the conversation.  Put one of the words/ phrases from the box in
Then match them to the words in B with each gap. There is one extra.
similar meanings.
science subjects technology technique
A B machines scientific progress researchers
1. developments a. the answers
1. Her teacher said she was really good at _______,
2. field b. area
but she was not very good at English.
3. enormous c. progress (n)
2. Advances in _______ have improved crop yields by
4. economic d. big
over 30%.
5. the keys e. money-making
6. benefits f. help 3. Cancer _______ have made great progress, but
many aspects of this disease need further study.
E Answer the questions. 4. Scientists will be trying to invent _______ to teach
children at home.
1. Where are Nick, Duong, and Chau?
5. Thanks to _______, our world will be transformed
2. What is the subject of Dr. Nelson’s talk?
greatly.
3. What fields are science and technology greatly
changing?  Give the opposite of the words in brackets,
using the prefix un- or im-.
4. What did Nick’s dad tell him?
5. What did Chau’s science teacher say? Example: necessary → unnecessary

F Work with a partner. What fields are 1. This is a species of insect previously (known)
mentioned in the conversation which are _______ to biologists.
affected by science and technology? 2. I don’t like science fiction novels much. I think
they are (realistic) _______.
G Put a word/ phrase from the box in each blank. 3. It is almost (possible) _______ to keep up with
the latest developments in computing.
4. The teacher said that accurate measurement
was (important) _______ in this experiment.
5. Fortunately, the river flowing through our town
is (polluted) _______.
flying cars economic development  *$0( ),1'620(21(:+2
field space the key
Ask your classmates Yes/ No questions, using
1. Technology in the _______ of telecommunications do or will. If they say ‘Yes’ to a question,
has developed greatly over the last decade. write their names in the box. A name can be
written down only once. The first person to
2. In the future, ordinary people may travel into
get a name in each box is the winner.
_______ on spaceships.
3. He said he worked very hard and that was
_______ to his success.
Find someone who...
4. An international meeting on _______ took place
in Singapore last week. likes science subjects wants to travel into wants to become a
at school space in the future scientist
5. If we had _______ now, we could solve the
problem of traffic jams.
knows a Vietnamese will go into sciences admires a scientist
Look out! scientist when finishing or an inventor
Can you explain the difference between
en school
science and technology?

49 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

$&/26(5/22.

Vocabulary

Look out!
We add -er, -or, or -ist to a verb or noun to 3. ___________________ 4. ___________________
form a noun indicating people.
Example: to learn → learner
to invent → inventor
science → scientist

 Complete the following sentences with nouns

indicating people. 5. __________________ 6. ___________________

1. A person who gives

advice is an _______.

2. A scientist who
studies chemistry is a
_______.
7. ___________________ 8. ___________________

 Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

3. A person whose job 1. Every day we hear about new (develop) ______
is to design things is in science and technology.
a _______.
2. Einstein was one of the greatest (science) ______
in the world.
4. A person whose job is 3. The USA is a world leader in space (explore) ______.
writing programmes
4. Advances in (medicine) ______ science will help
for computers is a
people live longer in the future.
_______.
5. There is a link between (economy) ___________
development and the environment.
5. A marine _______ is a
scientist who studies
life in the sea.
Pronunciation
Stress in words starting with un- and im-

 Write a noun from the list under each picture. When we add the prefix un- or im- (meaning
‘not’) to a root word, the stress of the word
doctor chemist physicist
archeologist explorer engineer does not normally change.
software developer conservationist
Example: 'friendly → un'friendly
'probable → im'probable
Note: When we add the prefix un- or im- to a
one-syllable word, the stress falls on the
root word.
Example: fair → un'fair
pure → im'pure
1. ___________________ 2. ___________________

50 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

 $&/26(5/22.
 Listen and repeat the following words.
Mark the stressed syllables in the words. Grammar
Future tenses: review
  Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tenses.
unforeseen unlucky
immature unwise 1. By 2030 all students (have) ______ their own
impatient unhealthy computers in school.
impure unhurt 2. I can’t come to your party next Friday as I (work)
impossible unlimited ______ on that day.
unnatural impolite
3. I know she’s sick, but ______ she (be) ______
back to school tomorrow?
4. You (not pass) ______ your exams if you don’t
 Put the words from  in the right columns.
start working harder.
5. Whatever job you (decide) ______ to do in the
oO oOo ooO oOoo
future, I (support) ______ you.

________ ________ ________ ________  Work in pairs. Read the following

________ ________ ________ ________ predictions about the year 2040 and say
whether you think it will happen.
________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ Example:

A: Email will completely replace regular mail.

B: I think it will certainly/probably happen. /
 Fill the gaps with one of the words in . It certainly/probably won’t happen.
Listen and check, then read the sentences.

1. The teacher said this water was ______ and 1. We will all be using flying cars.
couldn’t be used in our experiment. 2. Most people will live to be a hundred years old.
2. Scientists have identified a link between an 3. Robots will replace teachers.
______ diet and diseases. 4. The world will have one money system.
3. This job would be ______ without the help of a 5. The Internet will replace books.
computer.
Reported speech
4. Our natural resources are not ______.
5. It’s no good being ______ with small children. In direct speech, we give the exact words
somebody said, and we use quotation marks.
In reported speech, we give the meaning of
what someone said, but with some changes
and without quotation marks.
Example:
Nam: ‘I want to become a robot designer.’
→ Nam said that he wanted to become a robot
designer.
When the reporting verb (e.g. say or tell) is in the
past, the verb in reported speech changes as
follows:

51 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

 Direct speech Reported speech  Complete sentence b in each pair so that
it means the same as sentence a, using
Present simple → Past simple
reported speech.
‘I like sciences.’ He said (that) he liked sciences.
1. a. Nick: ‘I come from a small town in England.’
Present continuous → Past continuous
‘I am staying for a few days.’ She said (that) she was staying for a few days. b. Nick said that _________________________.
2. a. My friend: ‘Brazil will win the World Cup.’
Present perfect → Past perfect
‘Nick has left.’ She said (that) Nick had left.
b. My friend said that _____________________.
3. a. Olive: ‘Chau, I’m leaving Viet Nam tomorrow.’
Past simple → Past simple/ Past perfect b. Olive told Chau that ____________________.
‘Nick left this morning.’ She told me (that) Nick had left that morning.
4. a. David: ‘Catherine, I’m unable to read your
will → would writing.’
‘Man will travel to Mars.’ He said (that) man would travel to Mars. b. David told Catherine that ________________.
can → could 5. a. Minh: ‘I overslept this morning.’
‘We can swim.’ They told us (that) they could swim. b. Minh said that _________________________.
may → might
‘We may live on the moon.’ He said (that) we might live on the moon.  Change the following sentences into reported
speech, using the words given in brackets.
1. ‘I didn’t say anything at the meeting last week.’
Pronouns, and time and place expressions
(He said)
may change in reported speech:
2. ‘This letter has been opened.’ (She told me)
I → he/ she
3. ‘In 50 years’ time we will probably be living on
we → they
Mars.’ (Tom said)
you → I/ he/ she
4. ‘I hope we will build a city out at sea.’ (Mi said)
now → then
today → that day 5. ‘My wish is to become a young inventor.’
(Son told us)
here → there
this week → that week
*$0(0<)5,(1'6$,'h
tomorrow → the following day/ the next day
Each of students stands up or comes to the front
yesterday → the day before/ the previous day
of the class. One says a sentence about himself/
last month → the month before/ the previous month herself. The other reports to the class.
Example: Example:
‘I don’t have football today.’
→ He said (that) he didn’t have football that day. I like writing code. She said that she
liked writing code.
 Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED
again. Find and underline the examples of
reported speech.

52 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

&20081,&$7,21
Ha: When and where were you born?
Bell: I was born in 1847 in Scotland.
4XL]:KRLQYHQWHGZKDW" Ha: And did you go to school in Scotland??
Bell: Yes, I went to the Royal High School.
Match the inventors in A with their inventions
in B. Ha: What subject did you like best?
Bell: I always liked sciences, especially biology.
A B Ha: Did you go to university?
Bell: Yes, I went to Edinburgh University, and
d
Thomas Edison the steam engine
then to the University of London.
Sir Alexander Fleming Facebook Ha: And what did you do after that?
Bell: I taught the deaf-mute in Boston, USA.
Alexander Graham Bell the light bulb
Ha: When did you invent the telephone?
The Wright brothers penicillin Bell: Well, I invented the telephone quite by
chance in 1876 when I made a mistake
James Watt the Internet (WWW) while doing an experiment …
Mark Zuckerberg the telephone Ha: How interesting!

Tim Berners-Lee the airplane

ETwo days later, Ha told her friend what
 Work in groups. Discuss the question: Which Alexander Bell said. Now report what Ha told
invention is more useful? her friend, using reported speech.
Example: Example: Alexander Bell said that he had gone to
A: The invention of the airplane is very important the Royal High School.
because it has changed the way people travel 1. _______________________________________.
and transport goods around the world. 2. _______________________________________.
B: You are right. But I think the invention of 3. _______________________________________.
penicillin is more useful because it has saved
lots of lives.  Work in pairs. One of you is a reporter, and
C: … the other is Tim Berners-Lee. Role-play, using
the information given.
D Ha had an interesting dream last night in
which she met and interviewed Alexander
Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone.

Tim Berners-Lee:
British computer
scientist, inventor
of the Internet

· born 8 June 1955 - London

· 1973 - 1976: Oxford University
· 1978: joined company called D. G. Nash
· 1990: built first Web browser
· 6 August 1991: first website put online

53 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

6.,//6  Underline the following words and phrases
in the passages in  . Match each of them with
its explanation.
Reading
 Quickly read the passages. Match the A. examine carefully to find out more about
1. a reality
headings with the passages. something
2. explore B. used instead of something else
1. Can we live longer? 3. possibility C. equipment that helps save energy
2. Can we live there? 4. replaced D. a thing that actually exists or happens
3. Future home prediction 5. anti-ageing pills E. something that is likely to happen
6. energy saving
F. medicine that can prevent ageing
devices
A

Travelling to Mars might  Answer the questions.

become a reality sooner 1. Why are scientists planning to send people
than you think. Scientists to Mars?
are planning to send 2. How will anti-ageing pills help people?
people (not animals!) 3. How long does an average person live now?
to explore Mars in 4. What are some energy saving devices?
the near future. They 5. What will home robots do in the future?
believe it’s the only way
to find out if there is, or ever has been, life on this
planet. They will explore the possibility of living there. Speaking
So people may go there to live one day!
 Think about your ideas about scientific
B advances in these fields. Look at the example
and make notes.
Scientists say that in the
future people will live Advances Advantages Disadvantages
longer. Incurable diseases
robots do a lot of things unemployment
will be cured and ‘bad’
genes will probably be nuclear energy
replaced. With healthier nutrition pills
lifestyles and better smart phones
medical care the average space travel
person will live to be 100 instead of 70 (for men) or
75 (for women) like today. Anti-ageing pills will also  Work in groups. Express your agreement and
be invented to help people live longer. disagreement about how scientific advances
can help us solve problems in the future.
C Example:
A: I think robots will help us do many boring or
Future homes will be located difficult jobs.
on the ocean, in the air, or B: Yes. But at the same time, they may bring a lot of
underground. These homes unemployment.
will have advanced energy C: And they’ll make us lazy and inactive.
saving devices such as solar
panels, solar windows, and
smart home technology. Look out!
Future homes will take advantage We use ‘at the same time’ to introduce
of robots to do chores such as cleaning, cooking, a contrasting fact.
washing, and organising everything for their owners.

54 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

 6.,//6
 Look at the sample paragraph and fill the
outline below.
Listening
 Listen to the conversation and choose the I disagree with the
best summary.
idea that robots will
a. The benefits that advances in science and
only bring benefits
technology may bring to people’s lives.
re.
to people in the future.
b. The benefits and drawbacks that advances in
science and technology may bring to people’s Robots will also have some
lives. stly,
negative effects. Firstly,
c. The drawbacks that advances in science and ensive
they will be very expensive
technology may bring to people’s lives. and we will spend too
much money buying g
ondly,
and fixing them. Secondly,
robots in factories will be able to
do everything the workers do, so robots will
make them jobless. Thirdly, robots in our
homes will do all the housework for us, so
 Listen again to the conversation between we will become lazy and inactive. In short,
Nick, Duong, and Chau. Circle the words and robots will do many things for us, but they
phrases as you hear them. may not improve the quality of our lives.
1. problems 4. overcrowding
2. high yields 5. on television
3. the moon 6. bring unemployment Introduction: disagree
Idea 1:
 Listen again and answer the questions. Idea 2:
1. What will help feed the large population on Idea 3:
Earth? Conclusion: not always good
2. Where may we be able to live?
3. What does Nick say he likes?  Make notes, then write a paragraph on the
4. Does Chau think science and technology may following topic.
bring problems?
Do you agree or disagree with the following idea?
5. What does Nick think at the end of the
conversation? With the help of technology, students will benefit
greatly from studying by themselves at home.
Writing
Writing to express agreement or disagreement
___________________________________________
Introduction: I agree/ disagree with the ___________________________________________
idea that …
___________________________________________
Explaining your opinion:
___________________________________________
Firstly, Secondly, …
Furthermore, In addition … ___________________________________________
Conclusion: In short/ For these reasons …

55 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

/22.,1*%$&.
Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio, USA.
When he was 10 years old, he set up a small
Vocabulary laboratory after he had read a (3) ______
book his mother showed him. In 1869,
 Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
he borrowed some money and began to
1. My friend said he really enjoyed doing (science) make inventions. In 1876 he built a new
______ experiments and finding out how things laboratory so that he could spend all his time
worked. (4) ______. He planned to turn out minor
2. Production of these chemicals causes serious inventions every ten days and a ‘big trick’
(environment) ______ pollution. every six months. He developed many devices
3. There have been major new (develop) ______ that brought great (5) ______ to people’s life.
in space research and satellite technology. He once said that the value of an idea lay in the
4. It is known that new scientific (discover) ______ using of it. Edison died in 1931, after having a
are being made all the time. remarkably (6) ______ life.
5. It seems (natural) ______ for a child to spend so
much time by himself or herself.
Grammar
 Complete the word web with the fields that  Change the sentences into reported speech.
could benefit from science and technology.
1. “They are doing an experiment.”
→ He said that _____________________________.
Transportt 2. “You have to sign the paper again.”
→ She told me that _________________________.
3. “We watched a television documentary on the
future of nuclear power.”
→ Tam said ________________________________.
S n &
Science
4. “The 10 o’clock flight to Kuala Lumpur will be
technology
hnolo
an hour late.”
→ They announced that _____________________.
5. “In 50 years’ time we may be living on the moon.”
→ Scientists said that ________________________.

Education
a n  Rewrite these sentences in direct speech.
Example:
Louise told me that he had rung me the
night before.
 Fill each gap with a word from the box to
complete the passage. → Louise: “I rang you last night.”

science inventions inventing 1. Kien said that he had missed the train.
benefits productive laboratory 2. Duong said that he could run very fast.
3. Mia told me that she would hand in the report
Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors the next day.
of the world. He was responsible for more than 4. She said that she was reading a science fiction
one thousand (1) ______ including the electric book about life on Venus.
light bulb and the record player. He also created 5. He told me he would be a lawyer when he
the world’s first industrial research (2) ______. grew up.

56 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

Communication Finished! Now I can … .
 Write one prediction for each of the following
fields, based on the cues and your own ideas. ● talk about the roles of science
and technology
Then share it with the class.
● use future tenses
education food leisure energy ● use reported speech
home life transport communication ● pronounce words starting
with un- and im- correctly in
Example: isolation and in sentences
In transport, we will probably ● write a paragraph to express
travel faster and further in flying cars agreement/ disagreement
and spaceships. about the roles of science and
technology

Cues:
· solar energy all year round
· no schools, lessons on the Net
· nutrition pills instead of normal food
· 5D-cinema at home
· home security protection with cameras
· entertainment centre at home
· smart phone app

352-(&7
Young Inventors
 Read the following passage and answer the  If you could invent something new, what
questions that follow. would you develop? Choose one of these or
your own idea.

- a game that can be played by four people

John J. Stone-Parker - a sport that can be played indoors by a group

of people

John J.
J Stone-Parker iss one - a medicine that can make you do something
of the youngest inventors in great
the world. While still a small child, John was - a device that can prevent
vent accidents at home
very fond of creating new things. He saw that - a machine that can recycle everything at
his dad had trouble every time he had a drink home
with ice cubes in it, so John came up with
the idea of creating a star-shaped device that  Write/ talk about your invention:
nvention:
would prevent the ice cubes from slipping out - what it is
of the glass. He patented this object when he - what it is used for
was just four years old in 1989.
- how it works
le
- how it can help people
1. What was John J. Stone-Parker’s invention?
2. Do you think that his invention was useful?

57 Unit 11/ Science and Technology

8QLW
LW /,)(2127+(53/$1(76
/,
,)(
(

*(77,1*67$57(' THIS UNIT INCLUDES:

VOCABULARY
:KDWFRXOGKDSSHQWR(DUWK" Life on Earth and other planets
PRONUNCIATION
-less
 Listen and read. Stress in words ending in -ful and
GRAMMAR
Duong: Do you know, Trang and I saw a very may and might: review
interesting film yesterday! Reported speech: questions
Nhi: What was it?
COMMUNICATION
ht be like
Duong: Star Trek Into Darkness. Predicting what other life forms mig
ut life
Nhi: Oh, I like this series, but I’ve only seen Asking and answering questions abo
Star Trek 2009. What’s Into Darkness about? on other planets
Duong: Well, after their adventures on the journey
to Nibiru planet in Star Trek 2009, Captain
James Kirk and his crew return to Earth
on the Enterprise in 2259. However, they
then have to fight a dangerous terrorist
John Harrison, who wants to destroy Earth.
Nhi: Sounds thrilling!
Duong: Yes, it was! Actually, Kirk dies trying to stop
him, but fortunately, he comes back to life.
It’s just a film, after all!
Nhi: A happy ending! But it does make me think
about the real world… Could Earth ever be
in that kind of danger?
Duong: That’s funny, Trang also asked me what I
thought would happen to Earth in the future.
Nhi: And how did you answer?
Duong: I said I didn’t know but that Earth might be
run by aliens!
Nhi: Ha!! That’s
T att’s ttrue;
Th rru
ue; nobody
odyy knows.
e; nobod kn
now
ws.
s

58 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

D Tick (9) true (T) or false (F). T F
1. Duong and Trang saw a boring film
yesterday.
2. Nhi has seen Star Trek 2009.
3. Star Trek is a non-fiction film.
4. Nhi and Trang sometimes think about 5. ____________________ 6. _____________________
the future of the world.
5. Duong sounds sure about the future
of the Earth.

E Read the conversation again and answer the

questions.
1. Who is the captain of the spaceship? 7. ____________________ 8. _____________________
2. Where did the crew go in Star Trek 2009?
3. When does the story in Star Trek Into Darkness  Use the words/ phrases in  to fill the blanks.
happen? 1. The ________ were green and they had huge
4. What do you think is the Enterprise? heads and big eyes.
5. What does John Harrison want to do? 2. The aliens came out of a ________, which looked
like a disk.
F Can you find the sentences in reported speech
in the conversation? Underline them. 3. A ________ is a vehicle used for travelling on the
surface of the moon.
4. A moon moves round a ________ and a ________
moves round a star.
5. In a ________ environment, everything floats
uncontrollably.
6. There are eight planets that move round the Sun
in our ________.
7. We don’t know how many solar systems there
 Use the words/ phrases in the box to label the are in each ________.
pictures. Then listen and repeat.
8. Vostok 1 is the name of the ________ in which
Yuri Gagarin flew into outer space.
aliens space buggy galaxy planet
weightless solar system spaceship UFO  *$0( :+$7$1':+(5(
Listen and follow the teacher’s instructions to
play the game.

1. ____________________ 2. _____________________

3. ____________________ 4. _____________________

59 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

 $&/26(5/22.
 Write the names of the planets that match the
Roman Gods.
Vocabulary
1. _________ God of sea
 Use the names of the planets in the box to 2. _________ God of agriculture
label the diagram of the solar system. 3. _________ God of war

Mercury Venus Saturn 4. _________ God of thunder and lighting

Mars Neptune Jupiter 5. _________ God of love and beauty

DAdd suffixes -ful or -less to the words in the box.

Note that some words can use either suffix.
weight water beauty
wonder resource air
-ful -less

ENow use the topic of space to make a sentence

for each new word. Compare your sentences
with a partner.
A Example:
B – Earth looks beautiful from space.
– Venus is a dry and waterless planet.
D
Earth F
Pronunciation
C Stress in words ending in -ful and -less.

E When we add -ful or -less to nouns or verbs to

Uranus form adjectives, the stress of the words remain
unchanged.
Example:
'water → 'waterless
'hope → 'hopeless/ 'hopeful
for'get → for'getful
 N w sc
Now
No scan
an the
tth
he passage
pas
assa
sage
sage and
and
d check
che
h ck
heck
k your
you
ourr answers.
answ
answer
swers.
ers
s.

T
 Put the stress in the correct place in the words.
he planets in the solar system are named after the Then listen and check.
Roman Gods. Mercury is the smallest and closest
planet to the Sun. It is named after the Roman God thoughtless meaningful helpless
Mercury, who was the fast-flying messenger of the Gods, meaningless helpful thoughtful
because it moves very fast. Venus is the second planet
from the Sun. It is named after the Roman Goddess of useless plentiful useful
love and beauty. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun
and the second smallest planet. It is named after the  Read the following sentences and mark the
Roman God of war. The fifth planet from the Sun stressed syllable on the words in italics. Then
is Jupiter. It is also the largest planet. The Romans listen and repeat.
named the planet after the Roman God of thunder and
lightning. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the 1. Her speech on the environment was meaningful.
second largest planet. It is named after the Roman God of 2. My teacher is so helpful when we don’t understand
agriculture. Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun something.
in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman God 3. I was helpless to stop the dog biting me.
of the sea. 4. This dictionary is so useful.
5. There is plentiful water for life on Earth.

60 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

 $&/26(5/22.
Reported speech: questions
Grammar
May and might: review We use the verb ask when reporting
questions. In reported questions we use
the statement word order and the question
REMEMBER!
mark is omitted.
1. We use may/ might to say that something is
possible at present or in the future. 1. To report a Wh-question, we use Subject
+ asked (somebody) + question word +
Example:
clause.
He may/ might be in the office.
Example:
2. Normally, either can be used. Although, using
‘What were you doing at the time?’
may slightly increases the chance that
something will happen. She asked (me) what I was doing/ I had been
doing at the time.
Example:
2. To report a Yes/ No question, we use Subject
- Tom may lend you the money. (This is unlikely.)
+ asked (somebody) + if/ whether + clause.
- Tom might lend you the money. (I think this is
Example:
very unlikely.)
‘Did the alien talk to you?’
3. May is sometimes used in formal English,
meaning to be allowed. Might is NOT used in She asked me if/ whether the alien talked/
this case. had talked to me.
Example: Remember that pronouns, possessive
Lecturers may use projectors if they wish. adjectives, verb tenses, and time expressions
change in reported questions just as in
reported statements. Look back at Unit 11
for a review of how
how th
they change.
eyy ccha
hange.
Use may/ might to fill each of the blank.
1. You _______ have a little difficulty driving at night.
2. I _______ have an allergy to shrimp. I have never
tried it.
3. We _______ go to London for a holiday, if we can
still afford it.
4. The examiner says we _______ leave when we’ve
finished.
5. I don’t know, but I _______ go to the lecture about
UFOs.
6. Students _______ only borrow four books at
a time.
7. There _______ be life on other planets.
8. Students over fifteen _______ bring a phone to
school.

61 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

 Nick claimed that he had seen a UFO. Read  Circle the correct word in italics to complete
the interview between a reporter and Nick, each sentence.
and finish the following sentences.
1. The reporting verb in the reported question is
ask/ say/ tell/ answer.
2. We use if/ that when we report Yes/ No questions.
3. In reported questions, the subject comes before/
after the verbs.
4. The tenses are the same/ different in direct and
reported speech.

Interviewer: So, what exactly did you see?

 Read other questions by the interviewer.
Rewrite them as reported questions.
Nick: I saw a UFO. It landed in a grassy area.
Interviewer: What were you doing when you saw it? 1. “Do you go for a walk every day?”
Nick: I was going for a walk. 2. “How did you feel when you saw the alien?”
Interviewer: What did it look like? 3. “What did the alien look like?”
Nick: It was very big and bright and it 4. “Why didn’t you take a photo of the alien?”
looked like a big disc in the sky. 5. “How long did the UFO stay there?”
Interviewer: And what else did you see?
6. “Have you seen any UFOs since then?”
Nick: I saw an alien coming out of the UFO.
Interviewer: Did the alien see you?  Work in groups of three. One is Nick and the
Nick: I don’t know. When I saw it, I hid others are Nick’s friends. Ask and answer
behind a big tree. questions about what Nick saw. Then report
the friends’ questions and Nick’s answers to the
whole class.

1. The interviewer asked Nick ______ exactly he had

seen.
2. Nick answered that he _______ a UFO. He said it
_______ in a grassy area.
3. The interviewer asked _______ Nick had been
doing when he saw the UFO.
4. Nick said that he _______ for a walk.
5. The interviewer asked what it _______ like.
6. Nick said it _______ big and bright and it _______ a
big disc in the sky.
7. The interviewer also asked if the alien _______
him.
8. Nick told the interviewer that he _______ behind
a tree.

62 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

&20081,&$7,21 Extra vocabulary
appropriate powerful NASA
LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
 Five teenagers are discussing the possibility of other life forms in our galaxy. Read the comments
they have posted on an online forum.

@ Duong:
D There might not be life on Mercury ‘cause it’s too close to the Sun
so
s it would be too hot to live there. And it moves very fast, so the daytime
would be too short. At least, humans couldn’t stand such short days.

@ Nhi: I agree. I also think to be able to live on a planet, we need

water; appropriate temperatures, and breathable air at the very least. Nhi
Duong But whether the planet travels fast or not is unimportant.

@ Duc: You are right. Do you know NASA has found two new
planets, Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f, which are very similar to Earth?
I believe life may be possible there… How about on Jupiter or Venus?
Trang
@ Trang: I imagine Jupiter is a powerful planet because Jupiter is
the God of thunder and lightning. The planet is not too close to
Duc the Sun, so it’s not too hot, and life may be possible there. People
there may feel very proud of the power of the planet.

@ Trang and Anh: So Venus may be a good place for lovers .

Actually, it’s nearer to the Earth, so it may be easier to travel there. Anh
 Work in groups to decide if you agree or disagree with each of the opinions and ideas in . Say why or
why not.
Example:
- I’m not sure if I agree with Anh because the name of the planet doesn’t tell us anything about the living
conditions.
- I totally agree with Duc because …
- I partly agree with Trang because …
D Work in pairs. Imagine you are going into space. Decide together what you will take with you.
You can add any item you think
hink necessary. Remember
Remem to give reasons.

space suit food tablets space buggy oxygen tank boots gloves
Example:
A: I will wear a spacesuit because it may be very cold there and I won’t be able to breathe.
B: I will bring hand washing gel to clean my hands.
E Report your decisions to another pair or to the class.

63 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

6.,//6
 Match the headings with the paragraphs
Reading (1-3). There is one extra.
A. Reasons why we may be able to live on Mars.
DLook at the pictures and discuss the questions.
B. Reasons why we may not be able to live on Mars.
1. What are the names of the two planets in pictures C. Explanation for the name of Mars.
A and B?
D. Reasons for explorations of Mars.
2. How do you think the pictures are different?
 Read the text again and answer the questions.
%
$ 1. What is the other name for Mars?
2. What are the lowest and the highest
temperatures on Mars?
3. Why is it poisonous to live on Mars?
4. Which is longer, a day on Earth or a day on Mars?
5. How long is a year on Mars?

ERead the text below and check your answers.

1. Mars is called the Red Planet because of Speaking
its reddish surface. There have been many  Work in pairs. One is a human and the other
explorations to Mars by humans since the is a Martian. Use the suggestions below
mid-20th century. Scientists hope that we to ask and answer about life on Earth and
can find another planet to accommodate life on Mars.
human life.
Human Martian
2. There are major reasons why the
Food rice, bread, meat... tablets, rocks, ...
climate on Mars is unsuitable for
human life. Temperatures on Mars can Drink water, juice, ... liquid from under the rock...
be as low as -87 degrees Celsius and Sleep 6 - 8 hours/ night... 2-3 hours/ night...
rarely get above 0 degrees Celsius. Travel bicycle, car... flying car, space buggy, UFO...
But the bigger problem is the lack of oxygen. forests, lakes, oceans, dry, dessert, rocky landscape,
95% of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide Environment
mountains, cities, ... caves...
(CO2), and this is poisonous to breathe. diseases, pollution,
Moreover, there is no water on Mars even Problems
overpopulation...
survival, lonliness...
though scientists have found traces of it.
3. However, as early as the mid-19th century, Example: Well, we eat things like
scientists discovered that Mars had some So what kind of rice, bread, cooked meat.
similarities to Earth. A day on Mars is 24 food do you eat? And you?
hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds, almost
the same as a day on Earth. Mars also
experiences seasons just as Earth does.
However, the seasons are twice as long
because a year on Mars lasts about twice
as long as an Earth year.

 Find words in the text that have similar

meanings to these words or phrases.
1. causing death or illness
2. two times
3. has, goes through  Now swap pairs. The human of one pair works
4. marks or signs showing that something happened with the Martian of the other pair. Take turns
5. the outside or top layer of something to report what your previous partner said
6. weather conditions of a particular place about life on their planet to your new partner
7. provide a place to live to see if he/ she said similar things.

64 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

 6.,//6
 Listen again and tick (9) true (T), false (F) or
not given (NG).
T F NG
Listening 1. The inhabitants may be very similar
to human beings.
$OLHQV
$ OLHQV 2. They may be able to fly.
3. It is very cold there.
 Work
 in pairs. Des
Desc
Describe the pictures and
answer the questions. 4. They may be far-sighted.
5. They may need air for their
1. What do the pictures show? Do you think they existence.
really exist? 6. They may need lots of food and
2. What do you want to know about them? drink.
3. What would yyou do if yyou saw one of them?
Writing
 Work in pairs. Imagine what an alien may
be like. Use your imagination to fill the web
below.

He/ She may/ might have ________ eye/eyes.

He/ She may/might be ________.

He/ She may/ might eat ________.

His/ Her skin may/ might be ________.

His/ Her hair may/ might be ________.

He/ She may/ might wear ________

 Li
 Listen
t tto T
Tom’s
’ iimagined
i dd description
i ti off what
h t clothing.
an alien from another planet may be like.
Fill each blank with no more than three words He/ She may/ might be similar to us in that
from the recording. __________________________.

Which planet are They are from (1) ________ He/ She may/ might be different from humans
they from? in that __________________________.
They may be (2) ________
What are they like? and (3) ________ than  Now use the notes to write a description of
human beings your alien.

What do they look They may have (4) ________,

like? a lot of (5) ________, and
(6) ________.

What are their Very good. They may be

senses like? able to sense (7) ________,
or (8) ________.
 S
Swap your work k with
ith your partner.
t How
H
What do they live (9) ________, from the (10) different is your description from your
on? ________ partner’s?

65 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

/22.,1*%$&.
Grammar
Vocabulary  Underline the correct answers.
 Rearrange the letters to label the p
pictures. 1. He asked me when/ if there were people living

on Venus.

2. They wanted to know when the first spacecraft
had been/ was launched.
3. She asked them how/ who had been the first to
step onto the moon.
BU
SELIAN PSCEA GYG 4. They asked me which spacecraft was/ had been
the first to explore Mars.
 5. Students asked how/ who the scientists explored
 other planets.
6. He asked me what food people on other planets
had eaten/ ate.
MYST
SALRO SE 7. She asked her teacher if/ what UFO stood for.
WIHGELSEST

  Put the words/ phrases in the correct order to
make reported questions.

1. He/ would react/ asked me/ an alien/ how/ I/

SCESP if I saw/.
PHAI
LPATNE 2. most suitable/ The teacher/ which planet/ asked
 me/ was/ for human life/.
 3. on the moon/ My friend/ had first landed/ asked
me/ when/ humans/.
4. a planet/ a star/ She asked me/ the difference
between/ what/ and/ was/.
R XAGA
LYFING CAUSE LY 5. if/ was/ They asked/ on Mars/ there/ water.

 Change the following questions into reported

 Fill each gap with a suitable word from the questions.
box.
1. ‘What are the essential conditions for human
surface climate NASA life?’ the teacher asked her students.
traces experienced accommodate
2. ‘Have humans been able to communicate with
1. The Earth seems too small to ________ the people on other planets?’ Samuel asked the
increasing population. scientist.
3. ‘Did the Roswell UFO incident take place in the
2. Water covers 75% of the Earth’s ________.
U.S. in June 1947?’ Nick asked the journalist.
3. Attempts have been made to find ________ of
4. ‘Who was the witness in the Roswell UFO
aliens.
incident?’ Vanessa asked her uncle.
4. Astronauts ________ difficulties when they first 5. ‘When will humans be able to travel from one
landed on the moon. planet to another more easily?’ The son asked
5. The ________ on other planets is very different to his father.
that on Earth. 6. ‘Why can’t people move to Mars immediately?’
6. ________ stands for National Aeronautics and Diane asked her mother.
Space Administration.

66 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

 352-(&7
Communication
 Choose the right sentences (A-E) to put into SPA
ACE EX
XPLO
ORA
ATION
the dialogue.
 Write the phrases in the box under the pictures,
and then answer the questions.

space buggy space shuttle Vostok spacecraft

Interviewer: Do UFOs really exist, Prof. Kent?

Prof. Kent: (1) ______________________________
Interviewer: Yes. When was the first post-war UFO
sighting in the US?
A. __________________ B. __________________
B
Prof. Kent: (2) ______________________________
Interviewer: Wow! Very long ago! How about
notable sightings in the 21st century?
Prof. Kent: (3) ______________________________
Interviewer: So… were all sightings in the USA?
Prof. Kent: (4) ______________________________
Interviewer: Incredible! C. __________________
C
Prof. Kent: (5) ______________________________ 1. What are the things in the pictures?
2. When might they be used?
A. In 2001, at least 15 people, including two police 3. Who might use them?
officers saw UFOs in the night sky in New Jersey.
B. Well, there have been many UFO sightings  Work in groups. Choose a space vehicle
or machine you like from the pictures or
reported.
elsewhere.
C. Not at all. On April 23, 2007, Captain Ray Bowyer
and his passengers gained clear views of two  Search for information about the vehicle or
UFOs when they were flying in the English machine.
Channel. - What is the vehicle/ machine called?
D. On June 24, 1947. Kenneth Arnold, a private - Where and when might it be used?
pilot spotted nine shiny discs flying past Mount - What energy does the vehicle/ machine use?
Rainier.
- Who can control the vehicle/ machine?
E. Yes, and in 2008, according to media reports, a
- What is special about this vehicle/ machine?
police helicopter was almost hit by a UFO…
 Present the information to the class. Vote for
the best presentation.
Finished! Now I can…

● talk about life on other planets

● report questions
● pronounce words ending in
-ful and -less
correctly in isolation and in
sentences
● describe an imaginary
inhabitant of another planet

67 Unit 12/ Life on Other Planets

5(9,(:81,76
/$1*8$*(
/$1*8$*( Grammar
Pronunciation  Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
 Mark the stress for the following words, then Will people still read books in 50 years’ time?
listen and repeat.
Scientists think that we will still read books. But
unidentified ability successful capability books of the future (1. be) ______ similar to the
meaningful immobile informative unpopular books we have today? The answer is no. In the
unsuitable wireless interactive powerless future we will only need (2. buy) ______ one book.
paperless possessive impossible colourless With this one book we will be able (3. read) ______
novels, plays, and even newspapers. It might
(4. look) ______ like today’s books, but it (5. be)
 Complete the words in these sentences. All
______ electronic. When we press a button, words
the words are taken from the list in . Then
(6. appear) ______ on the page. When we want (7. read)
listen, and check.
______ a different story, we can push the button again,
1. Oxygen is a col______ gas. and a new story (8. appear) ______ instantly.
2. Doctors said that the disease was caused by an
uni______ virus.
3. The technology can be used to produce int______
 Rewrite the following sentences in reported
speech.
educational programmes.
4. Animals in the zoo have lost the cap______ of 1. Lena said: “I enjoy chatting on the phone with
catching food for themselves. my friends.”
5. Most people need a mea______ relationship with 2. The teacher said: “A communication breakdown
another person. may happen due to cultural differences.”
6. It is imp______ to count all the stars in the 3. “What might the inhabitants of Jupiter look
Milky Way. like?” Duong said.
4. Chau said: “Will we still have traffic jams in 30
Vocabulary years’ time?”
 Match each verb in column A with a phrase in 5. “I’ve read a book about life on other planets,”
column B. Phuc told me.

A B Everyday English
1. meet - into space
2. make - face-to-face  Match the questions in the first column with
3. exchange - inventions their answers in the second column.
4. fly - from science and technology 1. What planet is A. I don’t think that will ever
5. move - information she from? happen.
6. benefit - round the sun 2. How do B. When people don’t speak the
Martians travel? same language.
 Write the correct form of the words in
brackets to complete the passage. 3. Where will we be C. For discovering radium and
living in 2100? polonium.
I always wanted to be a great (1. science) ______. I dreamt
4. What is D. Oh, she’s from Mars.
of discovering a new drug that would save the lives of ‘netiquette’?
thousands of people. Unfortunately, I was not good at
(2. chemist) ______ at school and I kept making horrible 5. Do you think E. We might be living on Mars or
robots will Venus.
mistakes and the teacher got frustrated with me.
replace teachers?
After some time, I decided I would become an (3. invent)
6. What was Marie F. Mostly by flying car.
______ and design an amazing new product which would
Curie famous for?
become famous. My parents were encouraging but told me
to be a little more practical and not quite so (4. ambition) 7. Did he say that G. It’s the set of rules of proper
______. A few weeks later, I had a brilliant idea for a pen he would come? behaviour among people
that would pronounce a word when you wrote it down. using the Internet.
But I became (5. happy) ______ when a friend told me that 8. When is there a H. Yes, he did.
it was not a new (6. invent) ______. language barrier?

68 REVIEW 4
6.,//6 Speaking
Reading  Choose one of the questions that interests
you the most.
 Read the following passage and mark the
sentences as true (T) or false (F). 1. What form of communication is used most
widely today?
2. What form of communication do you think will
be used the most in 2100?
Texting 3. What is the most important invention of the past
hundred years?
Where r u? We r @ Lotte on 2/F. 4. Who is the greatest person in the history of
I’ll b 5 mins late. CUS. science?
Wanna c a movie this wkd?
Pls call me rite bck. Thx. 5. What would life be like on Mars in 100 years’
Hi! Wot R U doin 2nite? time?
Did u c it? LOL. Prepare to talk for about one minute. Take turns
to talk in groups.

Texting is a new way of exchanging Listening

information, and it is becoming more and
more popular among the young. In fact,  Listen to the conversation and choose the
texting is clearly affecting language. There correct answer to each question.
are no rules for it. We are creating a new
aspect of vocabulary and opening up a new
1. How many times did Nick try to phone his brother?
kind of playful and direct communication. A. Three B. Four C. Five
Naturally, texting is fun and that’s fine, 2. Mike asked Nick ______.
but some people are worried about the A. why he got very angry
effects it might have on a child’s ability to read
B. what he wanted to tell Tom
and write. But not everyone is so worried.
An expert says, “Every time a new medium C. if he had the wrong number
comes along it has an effect on language … 3. Where was Tom when Nick phoned the last
But this doesn’t destroy the existing language, time?
it adds to it.” In text messages, many words A. He was out. B. He was busy.
come from shorthand created in email, C. He was at home.
such as CUS (See you soon) and so on.
Someone says, “Mostly they are original, but 4. Nick wanted to get in touch with Tom because
sometimes you get a clash of meanings. For
______.
example, LOL can mean both Laugh Out Loud A. his landline telephone was out of order
and Lots of Love. That could lead to some B. they were cut off
misunderstandings.” C. he had a crossed line
5. Nick had a communication breakdown because
of ______.
A. a language barrier B. cultural differences
1. There are no rules for texting. C. a lack of communication channels
2. Texting is always affecting language in a bad
way.
Writing
 Write an online message to a friend and tell
3. Everyone is worried about texting. him/ her about the problems you have had
4. A child should not write text messages. recently with your iPad.
5. Texting is said to enrich a language. You can refer to the following:
- time-consuming
6. Sometimes, there is more than one way of
- flat battery
understanding a message. - weak signal
- no connection

69 REVIEW 4
 */266$5<
Abbreviations Unit 8

Aborigines (n) /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniz/ thổ dân châu Úc

adj : adjective absolutely (adv) /ˈæbsəluːtli / tuyệt đối, chắc chắn
adv : adverb accent (n) /ˈæksent/ giọng điệu
con : conjunction
awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ tuyệt vời
n : noun
cattle station (n) / ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃn/ trại gia súc
pre : preposition
ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/ ma
v : verb
haunt (v) /hɔːnt/ ám ảnh, ma ám
icon (n) /ˈaɪkɒn/ biểu tượng
Unit 7
kangaroo (n) /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ chuột túi
affect (v) /əˈfekt/ làm ảnh hưởng koala (n) /kəʊˈɑːlə/ gấu túi

algea (n) /ˈældʒiː/ tảo kilt (n) /kɪlt/ váy ca-rô của đàn ông Scotland
legend (n) /ˈledʒənd/ huyền thoại
aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/ dưới nước
loch (n) /lɒk/ hồ (phương ngữ ở Scotland)
billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
official (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/ chính thống/ chính thức
blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/ huyết áp parade (n) /pəˈreɪd/ cuộc diễu hành
cause (n,v) /kɔːz/ nguyên nhân, gây ra puzzle (n) /ˈpʌzl/ trò chơi đố
cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/ bệnh tả schedule (n) /ˈʃedjuːl/ lịch trình, thời gian biểu

come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ ra Scots/ Scottish (n) /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/ người Scotland
state (n) /steɪt/ bang
contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ làm bẩn
unique (adj) /juˈniːk/ độc đáo, riêng biệt
contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/ chất gây bẩn
Unit 9
dump (v) /dʌmp/ vứt, bỏ
accommodation (n) /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ chỗ ở
earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/ cái nút tai
bury (v) /ˈberi/ chôn vùi, vùi lấp
effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/ kết quả
collapse (v) /kəˈlæps/ đổ, sập, sụp, đổ sập
fine (v) /faɪn/ phạt tiền damage (n) /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ sự thiệt hại, sự hư hại
float (v) /fləʊt/ nổi disaster (n) /dɪˈzɑːstə/ tai họa, thảm họa

groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/ nước ngầm drought (n) /draʊt/ hạn hán
earthquake (n) /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ trận động đất
hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ mất thính lực
erupt (v) /ɪˈrʌpt/ phun (núi lửa)
illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa
eruption (n) /ɪˈrʌpʃn/ sự phun (núi lửa)
rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…),
litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/ evacuate (v) /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ sơ tán
vứt rác
forest fire (n) /ˈfɒrɪst faɪər/ cháy rừng
measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/ đo
homeless (adj) /ˈhəʊmləs/ không có nhà cửa, vô gia cư
non-point source /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn
mudslide (n) /ˈmʌdslaɪd/ lũ bùn
pollution (n) pəˈluːʃn/ phân tán)
put out (v) /pʊt aʊt/ dập tắt (lửa..)
permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/ vĩnh viễn
rage (v) /reɪdʒ/ diễn ra ác liệt, hung dữ
point source /pɔɪnt sɔːs rescue worker (n) /ˈreskjuː ˈwɜːkə/ nhân viên cứu hộ
ô nhiễm có nguồn
pollution (n) pəˈluːʃn/
scatter (v) /ˈskætə/ tung, rải, rắc
poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/ chất độc, làm nhiễm độc shake (v) /ʃeɪk/ rung, lắc, làm rung, lúc lắc
pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/ chất gây ô nhiễm tornado (n) /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ lốc xoáy

radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ thuộc về phóng xạ trap (v) /træp/ làm cho mắc kẹt
tsunami (n) /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ sóng thần
radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ phóng xạ
typhoon (n) /taɪˈfuːn/ bão nhiệt đới
thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/ thuộc về nhiệt
victim (n) /ˈvɪktɪm/ nạn nhân
untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/ không được xử lý volcanic (adj) /vɒlˈkænɪk/ thuộc núi lửa
visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/ thuộc về thị giác volcano (n) /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ núi lửa

70 GLOSSARY
 Unit 10 science (n) /ˈsaɪəns/
khoa học
body language (n) /ˈbɒdi ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ ngôn ngữ cơ thể, cử chỉ scientific (adj) /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

communicate (v) /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ giao tiếp solve (v) /sɒlv/ giải quyết

communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn giao tiếp không thành công, không steam engine (n) /stiːm ˈendʒɪn/ đầu máy hơi nước
breakdown (n) ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ hiểu nhau, ngưng trệ giao tiếp support (n, v) /səˈpɔːt/ ủng hộ
communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn technique (n) /tekˈniːk/
kênh giao tiếp thủ thuật, kĩ thuật
channel (n) ˈtʃænl/ technical (adj) /ˈteknɪkl/
cultural difference (n) /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈdɪfrəns/ khác biệt văn hoá technology (n) /tekˈnɒlədʒi/
kĩ thuật, công nghệ
cyber world (n) /ˈsaɪbə wɜːld/ thế giới ảo, thế giới mạng technological (adj) /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/
chat room (n) /tʃæt ruːm/ phòng chat (trên mạng) transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/ thay đổi, biến đổi
face-to-face (adj, adv) /feɪs tʊ feɪs/ trực diện (trái nghĩa với trên mạng) underground (adj,
/ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ dưới lòng đất, ngầm
interact (v) /ˌɪntərˈækt/ tương tác adv)

landline phone (n) /ˈlændlaɪn fəʊn/ điện thoại bàn yield (n) /jiːld/ sản lượng

language barrier (n) /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriə/ rào cản ngôn ngữ Unit 12
message board (n) /ˈmesɪdʒ bɔːd/ diễn đàn trên mạng
accommodate (v) /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ cung cấp nơi ăn, chốn ở;
multimedia (n) /ˌmʌltiˈmiːdiə/ đa phương tiện dung chứa
netiquette (n) /ˈnetɪket/ phép lịch sự khi giao tiếp trên mạng
adventure (n) /ədˈventʃə/ cuộc phiêu lưu
non-verbal /nɒn-vɜːbl
ngôn ngữ không dùng lời nói alien (n) /ˈeɪliən/ người ngoài hành tinh
language (n) ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/
experience (n) /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ trải nghiệm
smart phone (n) /smɑːt fəʊn/ điện thoại thông minh
danger (n) /ˈdeɪndʒə/ hiểm họa, mối đe dọa
snail mail (n) /sneɪl meɪl/ thư gửi qua đường bưu điện, thư chậm
flying saucer (n) /ˈflaɪɪŋ ˈsɔːsə/ đĩa bay
social media (n) /ˈsəʊʃl ˈmiːdiə/ mạng xã hội
telepathy (n) /təˈlepəθi/ thần giao cách cảm galaxy (n) /ˈɡæləksi/ dải ngân hà

text (n, v) /tekst/ tin nhắn, nhắn tin Jupiter (n) /ˈdʒuːpɪtə/ sao Mộc

verbal language (n) /ˈvɜːbl ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ ngôn ngữ dùng lời nói Mars (n) /mɑːz/ sao Hỏa

video conference /ˈvɪdiəʊ hội thảo, hội họp qua mạng có messenger (n) /ˈmesɪndʒə/ người đưa tin
(n, v) ˈkɒnfərəns/ hình ảnh Mercury (n) /ˈmɜːkjəri/ sao Thủy

Unit 11 NASA (n) /ˈnæsə/ cơ quan Hàng không và

Vũ trụ Mỹ
archaeology (n) /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ khảo cổ học
Neptune (n) /ˈneptjuːn/ sao Hải Vương
become a reality (v) /bɪˈkʌm ə riˈæliti/ trở thành hiện thực
outer space (n) /ˈaʊtə speɪs/ ngoài vũ trụ
benefit (n, v) /ˈbenɪfɪt/ lợi ích, hưởng lợi
planet (n) /ˈplænɪt/ hành tinh
cure (v) /kjʊə/ chữa khỏi poisonous (adj) /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ độc, có độc
discover (v) /dɪˈskʌvə/ phát hiện ra Saturn (n) /ˈsætɜːn/ sao Thổ
enormous (adj) /ɪˈnɔːməs/ to lớn solar system (n) /ˈsəʊlə ˈsɪstəm/ hệ mặt trời
explore (v) /ɪkˈsplɔː/ khám phá, nghiên cứu space buggy (n) /speɪs ˈbʌɡi/ xe vũ trụ
field (n) /fiːld/ lĩnh vực stand (v) /stænd/ chịu đựng, chịu được, nhịn được
improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ nâng cao, cải thiện surface (n) /ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt

invent (v) /ɪnˈvent/ phát minh ra trace (n, v) /treɪs/ dấu vết, lần theo dấu vết

light bulb (n) /laɪt bʌlb/ bóng đèn terrorist (n) /ˈterərɪst/ kẻ khủng bố

oversleep (v) /ˌəʊvəˈsliːp/ ngủ quên trek (n, v) /trek/ hành trình, du hành

bằng sáng chế, được cấp bằng UFO (n) /ˌjuː ef ˈəʊ/ đĩa bay, vật thể bay không
patent (n, v) /ˈpætnt/
sáng chế xác định

precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/ chính xác uncontrollably (adv) /ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbli/ không khống chế được

quality (n) /ˈkwɒləti/ chất lượng Venus (n) /ˈviːnəs/ sao Kim

role (n) /rəʊl/ vai trò weightless (adj) /ˈweɪtləs/ không trọng lượng

GLOSSARY 71