B. Tech.
in Mechanical Engineering, V Semester
TRIBOLOGY
(PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-I)
Course Code: 20ME1154 L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Outcomes: At the end of the Course, the student will be able to
CO1: explain friction theories, mechanism of wear and boundary lubrication. (L2)
CO2: apply theory of lubrication to thrust and journal bearings. (L3)
CO3: explain lubrication phenomenon in squeeze film bearings and elastic solids (L2).
CO4: explain essential features and applications of hydrostatic and gas lubricated bearings. (L2)
CO5: apply the phenomenon of lubrication, friction and wear at nanoscale. (L3)
UNIT- I 12 Lectures
Friction: Introduction, origin of friction, adhesion, deformation. Friction theories: Bowden and
Taber’s simple adhesion theory, modified adhesion theory: junction growth, deformation theory:
ploughing. Measurement methods: pin-on disc rig, inclined plane rig, conformal and non-
conformal geometry rig.
Wear: Introduction. Types of wear: Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, corrosive wear, fatigue wear.
Minor forms of wear: Fretting, solid erosion, fluid erosion, percussion. Wear debris analysis. Wear
testing methods. Wear of metals, ceramics and polymers.
Boundary Lubrication: Introduction, mechanism of boundary lubrication, metal- working
lubrication. Solid film lubrication: Solid lubrication models, solid lubricants. Liquid lubricants:
Oil lubricants, greases.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. summarize the theories of friction. (L2)
2.explain wear testing methods (L2)
3. explain the mechanism of boundary lubrication (L2)
UNIT- II 10 Lectures
Hydrodynamic Thrust Bearings: Introduction, Pressure development mechanism, plane slider
bearing with exponential film profile, fixed inclination slider bearing, tilting pad slider bearing,
parallel step slider bearing, finite width thrust bearing.
Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings: Introduction. Infinitely long- journal bearing: Full-
Sommerfeld boundary condition, half-Sommerfeld boundary condition, Reynolds boundary
condition. Infinitely short-journal bearing, finite length-journal bearing. Hydrodynamic instability,
oil supply grooves.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. analyze the requirements and pressure development mechanism of hydrodynamic bearings
for a given application (L3)
2 explain the significance of Sommerfeld boundary condition in journal bearings (L2)
3. explain hydrodynamic instability in rotating journal. (L2)
UNIT- III 8 Lectures
Hydrodynamic Squeeze Film Bearings: Introduction, Infinitely long-parallel surface bearings,
Infinitely long-journal bearings, parallel circular plate near a plane,
B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering, V Semester
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication: Introduction, line contact of rigid cylinder and elastic
cylinder, point contacts, lubricant rheology, different regimes in EHL contacts.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. describe the pressure distribution in squeeze film bearings. (L 2)
2. explain the advantage of squeeze film lubrication in slider bearings. (L2)
3. explain the lubrication process in machine components carry heavy loads. (L2)
UNIT- IV 10 Lectures
Hydrostatic Bearings: Introduction, circular step thrust bearings, annular thrust pad bearings,
rectangular thrust bearings, hydrostatic journal bearings.
Gas-Lubricated Bearings: Introduction. Governing equations. Infinitely long-plane slider
bearings, infinitely long- journal bearings. Finite journal bearings. Tilting-pad journal bearings,
externally pressurized bearings.
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. explain the principle and operation of hydrostatic journal bearings for pressure
distribution. (L2)
2. differentiate circular step thrust bearings and rectangular thrust bearings. (L 2)
3. describe the governing equations of gas lubricated bearings. (L2)
UNIT- V 10 Lectures
Rolling Element Bearings: Introduction. Geometry: ball bearings, roller bearings. Kinematics.
Load capacity: radial load, thrust load, combined load.
Nano Tribology: Introduction. Measurement tools: Surface Force Apparatus(SFA), Scanning
Tunneling Microscope(STM), Atomic Force and friction force microscopes(AFM/FFM).
Fabrication techniques for MEMS/NEMS: Bulk micro-machining, surface micro-machining,
LIGA
Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
1. select the type of rolling element bearing for required engineering use (L3)
2. describe the fundamental aspects of Nano tribology. (L2)
3. explain the fabrication methods for MEMS/NEMS. (L2)
Text Book:
Prasanta Sahoo, Engineering Tribology, 3rd Edition, PHI Learning, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. B.C. Majumdar, Introduction to Tribology of Bearings, 2nd Edition, S.Chand ,2012.
2. Basu, Sengupta and Ahuja, Fundamentals of Tribology,1st Edition, Prentice Hall,2006.
3. Bharath Bhushan, Introduction to Tribology 2nd Edition, Wiley,2013.
4. Kenneth C.Ludema, Oyelayo O.Ajayi, Friction, Wear, Lubrication: A Text book in
Tribology, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor&Francis group,2019.
