Avenue trees :The tree, present along the road side is known as avenue tree,including city along with

highway.These tree maintain healthy environment, reduce pollution level, increase greenery and beauty
of the place. Avenue treedirectly connected with biodiversity. It play dynamic role tomaintain the
ecological equilibrium.These tree play vital role in the maintenances of eco-system and provide
natural,social, physiological services with balancing the nature, and enhance the air quality.

Presently world facing high problem environment and they ultimately disturb the eco-system. The
unornamented reason behind that global warming, flood, droughts, toxic gases effect. Every single tree
play multiple function in the biodiversity. In recent year the acceleration of carbon dioxide in urban cities
is not only directly connected withpopulation but also amplifying the vehicular traffic followed by the
industrial pollution. Avenue tree only is solution to protect the environment from these problem.India is
witness of towering level of air pollution. The considerable loss in India due to construction,
industrialization with urbanization development.

1. Pongamia pinnata (Honge Mara)

Description:

It is a deciduous tree that grows to about 15-25 meters in height with a large canopy of leaf cover that
spreads equally wide. The leaves are a soft, shiny burgundy in early summer and mature to a glossy, deep
green as the season progresses. Small clusters of white, purple, and pink flowers blossom on their
branches throughout the year, maturing into brown seed pods. The tree is well suited to intense heat and
sunlight and its dense network of lateral roots and its thick, long taproot make it drought tolerant.

The dense shade it provides slows the evaporation of surface water and its root structures promote
nitrogen fixation, which moves nutrients from the air into the soil.

Local names: Indian Beech, Pongam, Honge, Ponge, and Karanj.

Flowers and Fruits: summer

2 Azadirachta indica (Neem)

Description: A fast growing tree that can reach a height of 15-20 m (about 50-65 feet. The branches are
wide spread. The fairly dense canopy may reach the diameter of 15-20 m in old. The trunk is relatively
short, straight and may reach a diameter of 1.2 m. The bark is hard, fissured or scaly, and whitish-grey to
reddish-brown. The sapwood is greyish-white and the heartwood reddish when first exposed to the air
becoming reddish-brown after exposure. The root system consists of a strong taproot and well developed
lateral roots.

The flowers (white and fragrant) are arranged more-or-less drooping clusters which are up to 25 cm long.
The fruit is a smooth drupe which varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish.

Local names: Neem, Bevu

Flowers and fruits: Winter to summer.

3 Ficus bengalensis (Banyan)

Description: The Banyan is a tree with a huge spread with characteristic aerial roots which upon touching
and entering the earth, draws sustenance from the earth, thickens/lignifies and becomes a new trunk.
The vine like aerial roots plunging down from the main limbs of the tree form a network of trunks with
surface roots spreading in all direction. The leaves are leathery and oval shaped with the berry or figs
emerging in pairs which are globose and ripen to a red colour. Typically the flowers – male and female
and gall flowers all grow radially inwards towards the centre of the hollow berry or fig. The tree is
evergreen though briefly leafless at the peak of the hot season in dry localities.

Local names: Banyan, Nyagrodha, Bargad, Aladha mara

Flowers and fruits: Throughout the year

4 Ficus religiosa (Sacred Fig, Pipal)

Description:It is a large dry season-deciduous tree up to 30 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3
m. The leaves are heart shaped with a distinctive extended tip; they are 10-17cm long and 8-12cm broad,
with a 6-10cm petiole. The fruit is a small fig 1-1.5cm diameter, Green ripening purple. This plant is
considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, and hence the name 'Sacred Fig'
was given to it. Siddhartha Gautama is referred to have been sitting underneath a Bo Tree when he was
enlightened (Bodhi), or "awakened" (Buddha).

Local names: Bodhi, Pipal (peepal, peepul, pippala, pimpal, etc.), arali or Ashvastha

Flowers and fruits: December to March.

5 Butea monosperma (Flame of the forest)

Description: It is a medium sized dry season-deciduous tree, growing to 15 m tall. The leaves are pinnate,
with an 8-16 cm petiole and three leaflets, each leaflet 10-20 cm long. The flowers are 2.5 cm long, bright
orange-red, and produced in racemes up to 15 cm long. The fruit is a pod 15-20 cm long and 4-5 cm broad.
It is said that the tree is a form of Agnidev, God of Fire. It was a punishment given to Him by Goddess
Parvati for disturbing Hers and Lord Shiva's privacy.

Local names: Flame of the forest, Mutthuga, Kinshuk, Palash, Dhak

Flowers and fruits: January to May.

6 Cassia fistula (Golden Shower Tree)

Description: It is a medium-sized tree growing to 10-20 m tall with fast growth. The leaves are deciduous
or semi-evergreen, 15-60 cm long, pinnate with 3-8 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 7-21 cm long and 4-9 cm
broad. The flowers are produced in pendulous racemes 20-40 cm long, each flower 4-7 cm diameter with
five yellow petals of equal size and shape. The fruit is a legume is 30-60 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm broad,
with a pungent odour and containing several seeds.

Local names: Kakke mara, suvarn.

7 Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India)

Description: A medium size handsome deciduous tree. Leaves are simple, large, elongate, elliptic, short-
stalked that turn red before falling. The rose-like flowers (about 4.5-5 cm. across) with crinkly petals and
numerous stamens are most attractive and are displayed on large, erect clusters at branch ends. Fruits
are woody, spherical (about 2 cm. dia.) and dehisce into a fruit-cup-like structure with five or more
spreading lobes of the fruit wall. Bark is pale-brown, smooth or flaking thinly.

Local name: Pride of India, Queen Crape Myrtle (English), Jarul (Hindi)

Flower, Fruit: March-June